用英文介绍造纸术 造纸术简介英文50个单词
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写作思路：主要写出造纸术发明于什么时候。
Papermaking is one of the four great inventions in China. It was invented in the Western Han Dynasty and improved in the Eastern Han Dynasty. China is the first country in the world to raise silkworms and weave silk.
造纸术是中国四大发明之一，发明时期于汉朝西汉时期，改进时期于汉朝东汉时期。中国是世界上最早养蚕织丝的国家。
In ancient China, the working people made silk from the above cocoons, while the remaining evil cocoons and diseased cocoons were made into silk floss by flocculent method. After the flocs are floated, some residual flocs will be left on the bamboo mat.
中国古代劳动人民以上等蚕茧抽丝织绸，剩下的恶茧、病茧等则用漂絮法制取丝绵。漂絮完毕，篾席上会遗留一些残絮。
When the flocs are floated for many times, the residual flocs on the bamboo mat will accumulate into a layer of fiber sheet, which can be used for writing after being peeled off after being dried. The by-products of this kind of floc are not many, and they are called "Hefu" or "Fangxu" in ancient books.
当漂絮的次数多了，篾席上的残絮便积成一层纤维薄片，经晾干之后剥离下来，可用于书写。这种漂絮的副产物数量不多，在古书上称它为赫蹏或方絮。
发展与历史
西汉时期(公元前206年）中国已经有了造纸术，东汉元兴元年（105年）蔡伦改进了造纸术。他用树皮、麻头及敝布、鱼网等原料，经过挫、捣、炒、烘等工艺制造的纸，是现代纸的渊源。这种纸，原料容易找到，又很便宜，质量也提高了，逐渐普遍使用。为纪念蔡伦的功绩，后人把这种纸叫作“蔡侯纸”。
纸是中国劳动人民长期经验的积累和智慧的结晶，纸是用以书写、印刷、绘画或包装等的片状纤维制品。一般由经过制浆处理的植物纤维的水悬浮液，在网上交错的组合，初步脱水，再经压缩、烘干而成。中国是世界上最早发明纸的国家。
根据考古发现，西汉时期(公元前206年至公元前8年)，中国已经有了麻质纤维纸。质地粗糙，且数量少，成本高，不普及。
造纸术介绍英文：
Papermaking is one of the four great inventions in China. It was invented in the Western Han Dynasty and improved in the Eastern Han Dynasty. China is the first country in the world to raise silkworms and weave silk.
In particular, Cai Lun's improved papermaking (also known as "Cai Hou paper") in the Eastern Han Dynasty was a revolution in writing materials. It was easy to carry and widely used. It promoted the cultural development of China, Arabia, Europe and even the whole world.
造纸术介绍中文：
造纸术是中国四大发明之一，发明时期于汉朝西汉时期，改进时期于汉朝东汉时期。中国是世界上最早养蚕织丝的国家。尤其是东汉蔡伦改进的造纸术（又称“蔡侯纸”），是书写材料的一次革命，它便于携带，取材广泛不拘泥，推动了中国、阿拉伯、欧洲乃至整个世界的文化发展。
造纸术的影响：
中国丝也传进了印度。最早的记录是在印度的古书中找到的。在印度政治家、哲学家考底利耶(Kautilya)的《政事论》(又译《治国安邦术》) 一书中有cinapatta一字，意思就是“中国的成捆的丝”。
考底利耶据说生于公元前四世纪，是孔雀王朝(古印度摩揭陀国的王朝，建于公元前321年，约公元前187年为巽加王朝所取代)月扩大王的侍臣。这说明，最晚在公元前四世纪，中国丝便已输入印度。
以上内容参考：百度百科—造纸术
造纸术是中国四大发明之一，发明时期于汉朝西汉时期，改进时期于汉朝东汉时期。中国是世界上最早养蚕织丝的国家。中国古代劳动人民以上等蚕茧抽丝织绸，剩下的恶茧、病茧等则用漂絮法制取丝绵。
漂絮完毕，篾席上会遗留一些残絮。当漂絮的次数多了，篾席上的残絮便积成一层纤维薄片，经晾干之后剥离下来，可用于书写。这种漂絮的副产物数量不多，在古书上称它为赫蹏或方絮。
Papermaking is one of the four great inventions in China, which was invented in Han Dynasty and Western Han Dynasty, and improved in Han Dynasty and Eastern Han Dynasty. China is the first country in the world to raise silkworms and weave silk. In ancient China, the cocoons of the working people and above were drawn into silk, and the rest of the evil cocoons and sick cocoons were made into silk floss by bleaching.
After bleaching, some residual flocs will be left on the mat. When the number of bleaching flocks is increased, the residual flocs on the grid will accumulate into a fiber sheet, which will be peeled off after being dried and can be used for writing. The number of by-products of this kind of bleaching is small, and it is called Herculum or Square Flour in ancient books.
发展历史
远古以来，中国劳动人民就已经懂得养蚕、缫丝。秦汉之际以次茧作丝绵的手工业十分普及。这种处理次茧的方法称为漂絮法，操作时的基本要点包括，反复捶打，以捣碎蚕衣。这一技术后来发展成为造纸中的打浆。此外，中国古代常用石灰水或草木灰水为丝麻脱胶，这种技术也给造纸中为植物纤维脱胶以启示。纸张就是借助这些技术发展起来的。
历史上关于汉代的造纸技术的文献资料很少，因此难以了解其完整、详细的工艺流程。后人虽有推测，也只能作为参考之用。总体来看，造纸技术环节众多，因此必然有一个发展和演进的过程，绝非一人之功。它是中国劳动人民长期经验的积累和智慧的结晶。
英文： Papermaking
Papermaking is one of China's four great inventions of human civilization in the history of a remarkable invention. China is the world's first silkworm silk weaving countries. For more than the ancients such as cocoon snag silk fabric, the remaining evil cocoon, cocoon and other diseases is to use floating floc Preparation of silk floss. Drift Xu completed, strips gallery will be some residue left over from cotton wadding. When the number of floating floc more, bamboo gallery residual floc accumulates into a thin layer of fibers, after drying, after stripping down, can be used for writing.
中文： 造纸术
造纸术是中国四大发明之一，人类文明史上的一项杰出的发明创造。中国是世界上最早养蚕织丝的国家。古人以上等蚕茧抽丝织绸，剩下的恶茧、病茧等则用漂絮法制取丝绵。漂絮完毕，篾席上会遗留一些残絮。当漂絮的次数多了，篾席上的残絮便积成一层纤维薄片，经晾干之后剥离下来，可用于书写。
Papermaking
Papermaking is the process of making paper, a substance which is used ubiquitously today for writing and packaging.
In papermaking a dilute suspension of fibers in water is drained through a screen, so that a mat of randomly interwoven fibers is laid down. Water is removed from this mat of fibers by pressing and drying to make paper. Most paper is made from wood pulp, but other fiber sources such as cotton and textiles may be used.
绛旓細The Four Great Intentions of ancient China are gunpowder, the compass, printing and papermaking. 涓浗鍙や唬鍥涘ぇ鍙戞槑鏄伀鑽 鎸囧崡閽 鍗板埛鏈 閫犵焊鏈銆
绛旓細papermaking technology鈥斺閫犵焊鏈 渚嬪彞锛氶犵焊鏈殑鍙戞槑锛屽浜虹被鏂囧寲鐨勪紶鎾捣鍒颁笉鍙及閲忕殑浣滅敤銆俆his invention played an incalculably important role in the spread of culture.
绛旓細Four Great Inventions :鍥涘ぇ鍙戞槑锛歅apermaking ,Commercial Printing ,Gunpowder ,Compass 閫犵焊鏈锛屾椿瀛楀嵃鍒锋湳锛岀伀鑽紝鎸囧崡閽 鎸囧崡閽堟槸鐢ㄤ互鍒ゅ埆鏂逛綅鐨勪竴绉嶇畝鍗曚华鍣ㄣ傚墠韬槸鍙稿崡銆備富瑕佺粍鎴愰儴鍒嗘槸涓鏍硅鍦ㄨ酱涓婂彲浠ヨ嚜鐢辫浆鍔ㄧ殑纾侀拡銆傜閽堝湪鍦扮鍦轰綔鐢ㄤ笅鑳戒繚鎸佸湪纾佸瓙鍗堢嚎鐨勫垏绾挎柟鍚戜笂銆傜閽堢殑鍖楁瀬鎸囧悜鍦扮悊鐨勫寳鏋侊紝...
绛旓細閫犵焊鏈 Papermaking 鎸囧崡閽 compass 鐏嵂 Gunpowder also called black powder 鍗板埛鏈 Movable type the system of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual letters or punctuation). The first known movable type system ...
绛旓細rags, and used fish nets. Papermaking technology was introduced to the West in the third century.鍏厓鍓2涓栫邯鎴戝浗鍙戞槑绾搞 鑰屾眽鍒濋犵殑楹荤焊鏄笘鐣屼笂鐜板瓨鏈鏃╃殑妞嶇墿绾ょ淮绾搞 涓滄眽钄′鸡闆嗕腑浜嗗伐鍖犱滑鐨勯犵焊缁忛獙锛 鐢ㄩ夯澶淬佺牬甯冦佹棫楸肩綉浣滃師鏂欙紝鐩戦犲嚭涓鎵硅壇绾搞閫犵焊鏈浠3涓栫邯璧蜂紶鍒板浗澶栥傚弬鑰冭祫鏂欙細...
绛旓細4銆佸嵃鍒锋湳printing 鍗板埛鏈槸涓浗鍙や唬鍔冲姩浜烘皯鐨勫洓澶у彂鏄庝箣涓銆傞洉鐗堝嵃鍒锋湳鍙戞槑浜庡攼鏈濓紝骞跺湪鍞愭湞涓悗鏈熸櫘閬浣跨敤銆傚畫浠佸畻鏃舵瘯鍗囧彂鏄庝簡娲诲瓧鍗板埛鏈爣蹇楃潃娲诲瓧鍗板埛鏈殑璇炵敓銆傚洓澶у彂鏄庣殑鍘嗗彶鎰忎箟锛氬洓澶у彂鏄庢槸涓浗鍙や唬鍏堟皯涓轰笘鐣岀暀涓嬬殑涓涓插厜鑰鐨勮冻杩癸紝鏄汉绫绘枃鏄庤繘姝ヤ綔鍑哄法澶ц础鐚殑璞″緛 鈶 閫犵焊鏈鐨勫彂鏄庯細涓轰汉绫绘彁渚涗簡...
绛旓細3.閫犵焊鏈 涓滄眽鍜屽笣鍏冨叴鍏冨勾(鍏厓105骞)锛岃敗浼﹀湪鎬荤粨鍓嶄汉鍒堕犱笣缁囨櫠鐨勭粡楠岀殑鍩虹涓婏紝鍙戞槑浜嗙敤鏍戠毊銆佺牬娓旂綉銆佺牬甯冦侀夯澶寸瓑浣滃師鏂欙紝鍒堕犳垚浜嗛傚悎涔﹀啓鐨勬鐗╃氦缁寸焊锛屾墠浣跨焊鎴愪负鏅亶浣跨敤鐨勪功鍐欐潗鏂欍傝绉颁负鈥滆敗渚焊鈥濄侰hina was the first country in the world to make proper paper. Paper made during...
绛旓細閫犵焊鏈鐨鑻辨枃锛歱apermaking technology銆備竴銆侀犵焊鏈殑鎰忎箟锛氶犵焊鏈斺斿挨鍏舵槸涓滄眽钄′鸡鏀硅繘鐨勯犵焊鏈紙鍙堢О鈥滆敗渚焊鈥濓級锛屾槸涔﹀啓鏉愭枡鐨勪竴娆￠潻鍛斤紝瀹冧究浜庢惡甯︼紝鍙栨潗骞挎硾涓嶆嫎娉ワ紝鎺ㄥ姩浜嗕腑鍥姐侀樋鎷変集銆佹娲蹭箖鑷虫暣涓笘鐣岀殑鏂囧寲鍙戝睍銆傞犵焊鏄竴椤归噸瑕佺殑鍖栧宸ヨ壓锛岀焊鐨勫彂鏄庢槸涓浗鍦ㄤ汉绫绘枃鍖栫殑浼犳挱鍜屽彂灞曚笂锛屾墍鍋氬嚭鐨...
绛旓細"鍥涘ぇ鍙戞槑鈥鑻辨枃鍚嶄负鈥淭he Four Great Inventions鈥濃閫犵焊鏈鈥濊嫳鏂囧悕涓衡淧apermaking鈥濃滅伀鑽濊嫳鏂囧悕涓衡淕unpowder鈥濃滃嵃鍒锋湳鈥濊嫳鏂囧悕涓衡淧riniting Technique鈥濃滄寚鍗楅拡鈥濊嫳鏂囧悕涓衡淐ompass鈥
绛旓細涓浗鍙や唬鐨勫洓澶у彂鏄庯紝鑻辫鏄細 Four Great Inventions of Ancient China.涓浗鏄澶氫紵澶у彂鏄庣殑鍙戞簮鍦帮紝鍖呮嫭涓浗鍙や唬鐨勫洓澶у彂鏄庯細閫犵焊鏈銆佹寚鍗楅拡銆佺伀鑽佸嵃鍒凤紙鍖呮嫭鏈ㄥ瓧鍜屾椿瀛楀嵃鍒凤級銆侰hina has been the source of many significant inventions, including the Four Great Inventions of ancient China: paper...
