名词复数和动词单三规则?如何发音? 动词的三单、名词复数后缀的读音规律
\u540d\u8bcd\u53d8\u590d\u6570\u548c\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e09\u5355\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3\u95ee\u9898\u7b54;\u4e00\u822c\u6309\u7167\u6e05\u97f3\u540e\u8bfb/s/\uff0c\u70db\u97f3\u5143\u97f3\u540e\u8bfb/z/,e\u5728\u5355\u8bcd\u672b\u5c3e\u672c\u8eab\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4e0d\u53d1\u97f3\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u662fse,ce\u7b49\u518d\u52a0s,\u5219\u8bfb/iz/\uff0c\u5982houses,horses\u7b49\u3002\u8981\u770b\u5177\u4f53\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u3002
\u7f51\u4e0a\u627e\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u70b9\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002
\u540d\u8bcd\u590d\u6570\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u5316
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\u60c5\u51b5 \u6784\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5 \u8bfb\u97f3 \u4f8b\u8bcd
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\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5 \u52a0 -s 1.\u6e05\u8f85\u97f3\u540e\u8bfb/s/; map-maps
2.\u6d4a\u8f85\u97f3\u548c\u5143\u97f3\u540e bag-bags
\u8bfb /z/; car-cars
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\u4ee5s,sh,ch,
x\u7b49\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u8bcd \u52a0 -es \u8bfb /iz/ bus-buses
watch-watches
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\u4ee5ce,se,ze,
(d)ge\u7b49\u7ed3\u5c3e
\u7684\u8bcd \u52a0 -s \u8bfb /iz/ license-licenses
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\u4ee5\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd+y \u53d8y \u4e3ai
\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u8bcd \u518d\u52a0es \u8bfb /z/ baby---babies
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\u540d\u8bcd\u590d\u6570\u7684\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u5316
1\uff09child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4e0e man \u548c woman\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5408\u6210\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u662f -men \u548c-women\u3002
\u5982\uff1a an Englishman\uff0ctwo Englishmen. \u4f46German\u4e0d\u662f\u5408\u6210\u8bcd\uff0c\u6545\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aGermans\uff1bBowman\u662f\u59d3\uff0c\u5176\u590d\u6570\u662fthe Bowmans\u3002
2\uff09\u5355\u590d\u540c\u5f62 \u5982\uff1a
deer\uff0csheep\uff0cfish\uff0cChinese\uff0cJapanese
li\uff0cjin\uff0cyuan\uff0ctwo li\uff0cthree mu\uff0cfour jin
\u4f46\u9664\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\u5143\u3001\u89d2\u3001\u5206\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u5143\u3001\u82f1\u9551\u3001\u6cd5\u90ce\u7b49\u90fd\u6709\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3\uff09\u96c6\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u5355\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u4e3a\u590d\u6570\u3002
\u5982\uff1a people police cattle \u7b49\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4 a people\uff0ca police\uff0ca cattle\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4
a person\uff0ca policeman\uff0ca head of cattle,the English\uff0cthe British\uff0cthe French\uff0cthe Chinese\uff0cthe Japanese\uff0cthe Swiss \u7b49\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u56fd\u6c11\u603b\u79f0\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u590d\u6570\u7528\u3002
\u5982\uff1a The Chinese are industries and brave. \u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u662f\u52e4\u52b3\u52c7\u6562\u7684\u3002
4\uff09\u4ee5s\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e3a\u5355\u6570\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
a. maths\uff0cpolitics\uff0cphysics\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u662f\u5355\u6570\u3002
b. news \u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u3002
c. the United States\uff0cthe United Nations \u5e94\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u6570\u3002
The United Nations was organized in 1945. \u8054\u5408\u56fd\u662f1945\u5e74\u7ec4\u5efa\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002
d. \u4ee5\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e66\u540d\uff0c\u5267\u540d\uff0c\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u6742\u5fd7\u540d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u6570\u3002
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
>\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e66\u3002
5) \u8868\u793a\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5982\uff1aglasses (\u773c\u955c) trousers, clothes
\u82e5\u8868\u8fbe\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u6570\u91cf\u8bcd pair(\u5bf9\uff0c\u53cc); suit(\u5957); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
6\uff09 \u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u7279\u522b\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5982\uff1agoods\u8d27\u7269\uff0cwaters\u6c34\u57df\uff0cfishes\uff08\u5404\u79cd\uff09\u9c7c
\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u683c
\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0"'s"\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e26\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bcd\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u683c\uff0c\u5982\uff1aa teacher's book\u3002\u540d\u8bcd\u6240\u6709\u683c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
1\uff09 \u5355\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5c3e\u52a0"'s"\uff0c\u590d\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5c3e\u6ca1\u6709s\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u52a0"'s"\uff0c\u5982the boy's bag \u7537\u5b69\u7684\u4e66\u5305\uff0cmen's room \u7537\u5395\u6240\u3002
2\uff09 \u82e5\u540d\u8bcd\u5df2\u6709\u590d\u6570\u8bcd\u5c3e-s \uff0c\u53ea\u52a0"'"\uff0c\u5982\uff1athe workers' struggle \u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002
3\uff09 \u51e1\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0"'s"\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528"\u540d\u8bcd+of +\u540d\u8bcd"\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\uff1athe title of the song \u6b4c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002
4\uff09 \u5728\u8868\u793a\u5e97\u94fa\u6216\u6559\u5802\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6216\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u5bb6\u65f6\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u6240\u6709\u683c\u7684\u540e\u9762\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u5b83\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\uff1athe barber's \u7406\u53d1\u5e97\u3002
5\uff09 \u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u5e76\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5206\u522b\u6709's\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a"\u5206\u522b\u6709"\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a's\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a'\u5171\u6709'\u3002
\u5982\uff1aJohn's and Mary's room\uff08\u4e24\u95f4\uff09 John and Mary's room\uff08\u4e00\u95f4\uff09
6\uff09 \u590d\u5408\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u77ed\u8bed\uff0c's \u52a0\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u8bcd\u5c3e\u3002
\u5982\uff1aa month or two's absence
\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570
\u4e00\u3001\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u89c4\u5219\u53ca\u53d1\u97f3\u89c4\u5f8b
\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u53d8\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u53d1\u97f3\u89c4\u5f8b\u540c\u540d\u8bcd\u5355\u6570\u53d8\u590d\u6570\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8bf7\u8ba4\u771f\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002
1\u3001\u5927\u591a\u6570\u52a8\u8bcd\u5728\u8bcd\u5c3e\u52a0\u201cS\u201d\u5728\u6e05\u8f85\u97f3\u540e\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a[s]\uff0c\u5728\u6d4a\u8f85\u97f3\u53ca\u5143\u97f3\u540e\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a [z]\u3002\u5982\uff1a
\u2460stop\uff0dstops [s] ; make\uff0dmakes [s]
\u2461read\uff0dreads [z] ; play\uff0dplays [z]
2\u3001\u4ee5\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u52a0\u201cy\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u5148\u5c06\u201cy\u201d\u53d8\u4e3a\u201ci\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u52a0\u201ces\u201d\u8bfb[iz] \u5982\uff1a
fly\uff0dflies [z]\uff1b carry\uff0dcarries [z]
study\uff0dstudies [z]; worry\uff0dworries
3\u3001\u4ee5\u201cs, x, ch, sh\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8bcd\u5c3e\u52a0\u201ces\u201d\uff0c\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a[iz] \u5982\uff1a
teach\uff0dteaches [iz]; watch\uff0dwatches [iz]
4\u3001\u4ee5\u201co\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u52a0\u201ces\u201d\uff0c\u8bfb[z] \u5982\uff1a
go\uff0dgoes [z] do\uff0ddoes [z]
\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u4e2a\u52a8\u8bcd\u53d8\u4e3a\u5355\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u8bcd\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002 \u5982\uff1a
1\u3001do [du:]\uff0ddoes [dz]
2\u3001say [sei]\uff0dsays [sez]
\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d1\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u201ce\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5f00\u97f3\u8282\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c3e\u97f3\u662f[s]\uff0c[z]\u65f6\uff0c\u52a0\u201cs\u201d\u540e\u5b57\u6bcd\u201ce\u201d\u53d1\u97f3\uff0c \u4e0e\u6240\u52a0\u201cs\u201d
\u4e00\u8d77\u8bfb\u505a[iz]\u3002 \u5982\uff1a
close\uff0dcloses [iz]
\u4e8c\u3001\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8bcd\u5f62\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\u539f\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5c3e\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u5f02\u540c\uff1a \u53d8\u201cy\u201d\u4e3a\u201c\u201d\u73b0\u8c61 \u53cc\u5199\u6700\u540e\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u73b0\u8c61
\u4f8b\u8bcd\uff1a
\u2460baby\uff0dbabies
\u2461carry\uff0dcarries
\u2462study\uff0dstudying
\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u5316\u4e24\u79cd\u3002
1) \u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u5316
\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u540e\u52a0-ed look
call
open
need looked
called
opened
needed
called
opened
needed
\u2462\u4f46fix\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb
\u5206\u8bcdx\u4e0d\u53cc\u5199\uff0c\u4e3afixed.
\u4ee5-e\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u52a0-d move
phone
hope
agree moved
phoned
hoped
agreed
hoped
\u4ee5\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u52a0y\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u53d8y\u4e3ai\uff0c
\u518d\u52a0-ed study
carry
try studied
studied
carried studied [5stQdid]
carried [5kArid]
tried [traid]
\u4ee5\u539f\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u52a0y\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u52a0-ed play
enjoy
stay played
enjoyed
stayed played [pleid]
enjoyed [in5dVCid]
stayed [steid]
\u672b\u5c3e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u91cd\u8bfb\u95ed\u97f3\u8282\u8bcd\uff0c\u53cc\u5199\u8be5\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u518d\u52a0-ed stop
plan
fit stopped
planned
fitted
\u4ee5-r\u97f3\u8282\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u53cc\u5199r\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c
\u518d\u52a0-ed prefer
refer preferred
referred preferred
2) \u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u5316
\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
1\uff0e\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u5f62\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1a
\u539f\u5f62 \u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
cut\uff08\u5207\uff09
hit\uff08\u6253\uff09
cast\uff08\u6254\uff09
hurt\uff08\u4f24\u5bb3\uff09
put\uff08\u653e\uff09
let\uff08\u8ba9\uff09
shut\uff08\u5173\uff09
cost\uff08\u82b1\u8d39\uff09
set\uff08\u653e\uff09
rid\uff08\u6e05\u9664\uff09 cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
set
rid cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
set
rid
2\uff0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u5f62\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1a
\u539f\u5f62 \u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
find\uff08\u627e\u5230\uff09
pay\uff08\u652f\u4ed8\uff09
leave\uff08\u79bb\u5f00\uff09
lend\uff08\u501f\u51fa\uff09
meet\uff08\u9047\u89c1\uff09
keep\uff08\u4fdd\u6301\uff09
lose\uff08\u4e22\u5931\uff09
teach\uff08\u6559\uff09
sit\uff08\u5750\uff09
lead\uff08\u5f15\u5bfc\uff09
win\uff08\u8d62\uff09\u9664\uff09 found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won
3\uff0e\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u540c\u5f62
\u4f8b\uff1a
\u539f\u5f62 \u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
come\uff08\u6765\uff09
run\uff08\u8dd1\uff09
become\uff08\u6210\u4e3a\uff09 came
ran
became come
run
become
4\uff0e\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1a
\u539f\u5f62 \u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
give\uff08\u7ed9\uff09
fly\uff08\u98de\uff09
drink\uff08\u559d\uff09
see\uff08\u770b\u89c1\uff09
go\uff08\u53bb\uff09
know\uff08\u77e5\u9053\uff09
wear\uff08\u7a7f\uff09
speak\uff08\u8bf4\uff09 gave
flew
drank
saw
went
knew
wore
spoke given
flown
drunk
seen
gone
known
worn
spoken
5\uff0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f
\u4f8b\uff1a
\u539f\u5f62 \u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
burn\uff08\u71c3\u70e7\uff09 burned
burnt burned
burnt
learn\uff08\u5b66\u4e60\uff09 learned
learnt learned
learnt
smell\uff08\u95fb\uff09 smelled
smelt smelled
smelt
spell \uff08\u62fc\u5199\uff09 spelled
spelt spelled
spelt
shine \uff08\u7167\u5c04\uff09 shined
shone shined
shone
leap \uff08\u8df3\uff09 leaped
leapt leaped
leapt
\u63d0\u793a
a. beat\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u4e0e\u539f\u5f62\u540c\u5f62\uff1a
\u6bd4\uff1abeat\uff08\u6253\u51fb\uff09 beat\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\uff09 beaten\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff09
b. lie\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u5316\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u542b\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c
\u6bd4\uff1alie lied, lied\uff08\u8bf4\u8c0e\uff09
lay, lain\uff08\u8eba\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\uff09
c. hang \u6709\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u5316\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u542b\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c
\u6bd4\uff1ahang hanged, hanged\uff08\u5904\u7ede\u5211\uff09
hung, hung(\u6302\uff0c\u540a)
d. welcome\uff08\u6b22\u8fce\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u662f\u89c4\u5219\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bef\u7528\u4e3a\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u52a8\u8bcd
\u6bd4\uff1awelcome welcomed, welcomed\uff08\u6b63\uff09
welcome, welcome\uff08\u8bef\uff09
e.\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bef\u7528\u4e3a\u89c4\u5219\u52a8\u8bcd
\u6bd4\uff1ahit\uff08\u6253\uff09 hit, hit\uff08\u6b63\uff09
hitted, hitted\uff08\u8bef\uff09
___________________________________________________
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
__________________________________________________
一般情况 加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps
2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags
读 /z/; car-cars
___________________________________________________
以s,sh,ch,
x等结尾的词 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses
watch-watches
___________________________________________________
以ce,se,ze,
(d)ge等结尾
的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses
___________________________________________________
以辅音字母+y 变y 为i
结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies
___________________________________________________
名词复数的不规则变化
1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。
2）单复同形 如：
deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese
li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说
a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes
若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼
名词的格
在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：
1） 单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。
2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加"'"，如：the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
3） 凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。
5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。
如：John's and Mary's room（两间） John and Mary's room（一间）
6） 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。
如：a month or two's absence
动词第三人称单数
一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如：
①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]
②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：
fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]
study－studies [z]; worry－worries
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz] 如：
teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z] 如：
go－goes [z] do－does [z]
下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。 如：
1、do [du:]－does [dz]
2、say [sei]－says [sez]
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音， 与所加“s”
一起读做[iz]。 如：
close－closes [iz]
二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同： 变“y”为“”现象 双写最后辅音字母现象
例词：
①baby－babies
②carry－carries
③study－studying
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1) 规则变化
一般在动词原形后加-ed look
call
open
need looked
called
opened
needed
called
opened
needed
③但fix的过去式和过去
分词x不双写，为fixed.
以-e结尾的动词加-d move
phone
hope
agree moved
phoned
hoped
agreed
hoped
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，
再加-ed study
carry
try studied
studied
carried studied [5stQdid]
carried [5kArid]
tried [traid]
以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed play
enjoy
stay played
enjoyed
stayed played [pleid]
enjoyed [in5dVCid]
stayed [steid]
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop
plan
fit stopped
planned
fitted
以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，
再加-ed prefer
refer preferred
referred preferred
2) 不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。
1．动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
cut（切）
hit（打）
cast（扔）
hurt（伤害）
put（放）
let（让）
shut（关）
cost（花费）
set（放）
rid（清除） cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
set
rid cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
set
rid
2．过去式与过去分词完全同形。
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
find（找到）
pay（支付）
leave（离开）
lend（借出）
meet（遇见）
keep（保持）
lose（丢失）
teach（教）
sit（坐）
lead（引导）
win（赢）除） found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won
3．动词原形与过去分词同形
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
come（来）
run（跑）
become（成为） came
ran
became come
run
become
4．动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
give（给）
fly（飞）
drink（喝）
see（看见）
go（去）
know（知道）
wear（穿）
speak（说） gave
flew
drank
saw
went
knew
wore
spoke given
flown
drunk
seen
gone
known
worn
spoken
5．过去式和过去分词有两种形式
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
burn（燃烧） burned
burnt burned
burnt
learn（学习） learned
learnt learned
learnt
smell（闻） smelled
smelt smelled
smelt
spell （拼写） spelled
spelt spelled
spelt
shine （照射） shined
shone shined
shone
leap （跳） leaped
leapt leaped
leapt
提示
a. beat的过去式与原形同形：
比：beat（打击） beat（过去式） beaten（过去分词）
b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同
比：lie lied, lied（说谎）
lay, lain（躺，位于）
c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同
比：hang hanged, hanged（处绞刑）
hung, hung(挂，吊)
d. welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词
比：welcome welcomed, welcomed（正）
welcome, welcome（误）
e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
比：hit（打） hit, hit（正）
hitted, hitted（误）
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绛旓細鍔ㄨ瘝绗笁浜虹О鍗曟暟褰細 1 鍦ㄥ姩璇嶅熬鐩存帴鍔 s銆傚锛 want鈥攚ants锛 work鈥攚orks锛 2 浠ュ瓧姣峴銆亁銆乧h鎴杘缁撳熬鐨勫姩璇嶅姞-es锛涘锛 guess鈥攇uesses锛 fix鈥攆ixes锛 teach鈥攖eaches锛 go鈥攇oes catch鈥攃atches 3 浠ヨ緟闊冲瓧姣嶏紜y缁撳熬鐨勫姩璇嶏紝鍏堝彉y涓篿锛屽啀鍔-es銆傚锛 study鈥攕tudies锛 鍚嶈瘝澶嶆暟瑙勫垯鍙樺寲...
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