英语语法怎样区分现在完成时和过去完成时 如何区分过去完成时和现在完成时啊?
\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5 \u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u533a\u522b \u8be6\u7ec6\u5594\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fc7\u53bb\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u67d0\u52a8\u4f5c\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7531\u8fc7\u53bb\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002
We have lived here for ten years.\uff08\u201c\u4f4f\u201d\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff09
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u8fc7\u53bb\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e24\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u5148\u540e\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u662f\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u6bd4\u8fc7\u53bb\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u67d0\u52a8\u4f5c\u90fd\u8fd8\u8981\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u201d\uff0c\u4e24\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5148\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5c31\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5219\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u3002\u8fd0\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u4e24\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u70b9\u54df\uff01
Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.("\u6765\u201d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u5148\u524d\u201c\u4f4f\u201d\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u66f4\u8fc7\u53bb\uff01\uff09\uff08\u53e6\u5916\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u201c\u4f4f\u201d\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u53ef\u6ca1\u6709\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u54df\uff01\uff09
We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term.\uff08\u201c\u4e0a\u671f\u671f\u672b\u201d\u5df2\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5176\u524d\u201c\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u5c31\u66f4\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff01\uff09
1. \u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u867d\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\u6784\u6210\uff1ahave / has + \u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
\u5982: He has eaten the breakfast. \u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5403\u8fc7\u65e9\u996d\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u5f3a\u8c03\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u997f\uff09
He has been to Beijing twice. \u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53bb\u8fc7\u5317\u4eac\u4e24\u6b21
I have lived in Beijing since I came to China. \u81ea\u4ece\u6211\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c31\u4f4f\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u3002
I have learned French for two years \u540c\u4e49\u53e5 I have learned French since two years ago.
\u6784\u6210\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1aalready, ever, never, yet, so far(\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff09, in the past/ last few years (\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u95f4\uff09\uff0cover the years \uff08\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff09
2. \u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002 He said he had been to Beijing twice. \u4ed6\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53bb\u8fc7\u5317\u4eac\u4e24\u6b21\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u8bf4\u201dsaid\u5c31\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8bf4said \u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u8fc7\u5b8c\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u73b0\u5b8c\u3002
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u6709 1. by the end of last year.
By the end of last term, we had learned 5000 new words.
2. By the time sb. +\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f \u5982\uff1aThe bus had already left by the time I got there.
3. \u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
He went to Canada last month. \u4ed6\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\u53bb\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e86\u3002
He said he had been to Canada last month. \u4ed6\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\u53bb\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e86\u3002
\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0fsaid , \u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6
学生往往在初学现在完成时和过去完成时感到比较容易掌握,但在实际运用中却难以准确把握.究其原因 主要是对两者的 区别认识不清.下面将两者的 区别概括总结如下：（一）从概念上区别：1）现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响,也可指过去开始 延续到现在的动作或状态.2）过去完成时表示在过去某一动作或时间 以前已发生或完成的 动作,也可指从过去某时开始 到过去某时为止的 动作或状态,即“过去的 过去”.（二）从结构上区别 现在完成时：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 （肯定式） 主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 （否定式） Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式） 过去完成时：主语 + had + 过去分词 （肯定式） 主语 +had + not + 过去分词 （否定式） Had + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式） （三）从时间 状语区别 现在完成时:常用的 时间 状语包括 “now,today,tonight,this week,this year,already,yet,just,recently…etc”.过去完成时:常用的 时间 状语包括 “by,at,before等构成的 短语”.注意：当表示一段时间 ,现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的 状语.例如：Have you had your lunch yet?你吃午饭了吗?Yes,I have .I’ve just had it.是的 ,我刚吃完.I have had a clock now.我现在有一个闹钟了.Have you already posted the photos?你把照片寄走了吗?The meeting had begun when we got there.我们到那儿时,会议已经开始 了.We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term.到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词.They had done the work at five o’clock.在五点钟的 时候他们已经完成了那项工作.I’ve known Li Lei for three years.我认识李蕾已经三年了.I have worked here since ten years ago.自从十年前我就在这工作.We had not heard from him since we left here.自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的 来信.They had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours.这时他们已经有24个小时没有合眼了.（四）使用时注意事项 使用现在完成时应该注意：1.“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时,但和have/ has 为同一意义,即 “有”.例如：Have you got a pen-friend?你有笔友吗?Yes,I have.是的 ,我有.Has he got a lot of work to do?他有许多工作要做吗?No,he hasn’t.不,他没有.2.have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的 区别 have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”； have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”.have/ has been to常和once,twice,never,ever连用； have/ has gone to则不可.例如：— Have Jack ever been to Beijing?杰克去过北京 — Yes,he’s been there several times.是的 ,他去过好几次了.— Where have Mary and Tom gone?玛丽和汤姆去哪里了?— They’ve gone to London.他们去伦敦了.3.非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间 的 状语”的 句型中.这类动词有：come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等.但它们能够 用表示持续状态的 相应的 延续性动词替换句中的 终止性动词.例如：arrive,come → be here,be in begin,start → be on buy → have die → be dead fall asleep(ill) → be asleep (ill) finish,end → be over get to know → know get up → be up go out → be out join → be in ,be a + 名词 leave,move → be away,be out of 使用过去完成时应该注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时.例如：When she came into the room,she found them sitting together singing.她 进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌.After we said good-bye to our friends,we left the village.在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子.
现在完成时是指某个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,或对现在有影响.是站在"现在''的时间点上.如:
I have had breakfast.我吃过早餐了.那么我现在就用不着再吃饭了,因为我饱了.这就是"have breakfast''对现在的影响.
过去完成时则比现在完成时往前推了一段时间,即"过去的过去''.是站在过去的时间点上.还是吃饭那句,如果我明天(或将来的任何时候)还要说这事,我就得说I had
had breakfast(yesterday morning./ect...)
现在完成是现在的过去，用have
done。过去完成是过去的，用had
done。。你可以翻译句子看
追问：那过去时与完成时呢
追答：过去只是单纯在叙述过去发生的事，但完成式是对后来会产生影响的，比如现在完成就是过去发生的事对现在产生的影响
绛旓細鍦鑻辫璇硶涓紝杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃朵笌鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃浠ュ強涓鑸繃鍘绘椂鏈夋槑鏄剧殑鍖哄埆銆傞鍏堬紝涓庣幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂鐨鍖哄垎鍦ㄤ簬锛岀幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂寮鸿皟鐨勬槸鍔ㄤ綔瀵圭幇鍦ㄧ殑褰卞搷锛屽叾缁撴瀯鏄"鍔╁姩璇 have (has) + 杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝"銆備緥濡傦紝\"I have learned 1000 English words so far\"锛屽己璋冪殑鏄埌鐩墠涓烘鐨勫涔犵粨鏋溿傝岃繃鍘诲畬鎴愭椂鍒欐洿渚ч噸浜庘...
绛旓細鍖哄埆锛鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃,琛ㄨ繃鍘诲凡缁忓仛浜嗘煇浜,瀵圭幇鍦ㄨ繕鏈夊奖鍝.鍙ュ紡鏄:涓昏+have been done sth.鍚庨潰鍔犱竴娈垫椂闂,涓鑸窡for,since绛夎繛鐢.渚:I have been studied English for 4 years/since 2002.鎴戝涔鑻辫宸茬粡鏈夊洓骞翠簡.涓鑸繃鍘绘椂,琛ㄨ繃鍘荤殑鏌愪釜鐘舵.鏃堕棿鐘惰鍙互鍔爕esterday,last night,鈥go,just now,in...
绛旓細鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃鐫鐪间簬鐜板湪锛屽己璋冭繃鍘诲彂鐢熺殑鏌愬姩浣滃鐜板湪閫犳垚鐨勫奖鍝嶅拰缁撴灉锛屾垨鏄敱杩囧幓鎸佺画鍒扮幇鍦ㄧ殑鍔ㄤ綔銆俉e have lived here for ten years.锛堚滀綇鈥濅粠杩囧幓鎸佺画鍒扮幇鍦ㄧ殑鍔ㄤ綔鐢ㄧ幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂锛夎繃鍘诲畬鎴愭椂鍒欎富瑕佷綋鐜拌繃鍘诲彂鐢熺殑涓ゅ姩浣滅殑鍏堝悗鏈夊埆锛岃〃杈剧殑鏄滆繃鍘荤殑杩囧幓鈥濓紝鍗虫瘮杩囧幓鍙戠敓鐨勬煇鍔ㄤ綔閮借繕瑕佲滆繃鍘烩濓紝涓...
绛旓細鎴戝垰鍒氬悆杩囥(鐜板湪鎴戜笉楗夸簡)2.涓鑸繃鍘鏃跺拰鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃閮藉睘浜庢槸杩囧幓鏃舵,浣鑻辫璇硶姣旇緝缁嗚吇,鍦ㄨ繃鍘绘椂鎬侀噷鍙堢粏鍒嗗嚭涓涓瀹屾垚鏃舵,瀹冨湪鏃堕棿涓婁笌杩囧幓鏃舵佺浉鍚,閮借〃绀哄姩浣滃湪杩囧幓鏃堕棿閲屽畬鎴,浣嗚〃杈剧殑鏂瑰悜涓嶅悓:杩囧幓鏃舵佽〃绀哄姩浣滃彂鐢熷湪杩囧幓,鈥滆鐨勬槸涓涓繃鍘荤殑浜嬧;鑰屽畬鎴愭椂鎬佹槸涓轰簡瑙ｉ噴涓涓幇鍦ㄧ殑鐘跺喌鑰屽幓鎻愪竴浠惰繃鍘...
绛旓細杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃跺氨鏄繖涓簨鍦ㄨ繃鍘荤殑杩囧幓鍙戠敓锛岀珯鍦ㄨ繃鍘荤殑鏃堕棿鐐圭湅鏄繃鍘荤殑杩囧幓鍙戠敓鐨勪簨鎯呫傚彲浠ユ兂鎴愭槸鏄ㄥぉ鍓嶅彂鐢熺殑浜嬨鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃鏄〃绀鸿繖涓簨鍙戠敓鍦ㄨ繃鍘伙紝绔欏湪鐜板湪杩欎釜瑙掑害鏄畬鎴愪簡銆傛墦涓瘮鏂癸細I have finished my homework锛岃〃绀烘槸璇存垜鐜板湪鍋氬畬浣滀笟浜嗭紝鍋氫綔涓氭槸杩囧幓鍋氬畬浜嗐傚拰 I had finisheed my ...
绛旓細---|---|---|--->鍏舵瀯鎴愭槸had +杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝鏋勬垚銆傞偅鏃朵互鍓 閭ｆ椂 鐜板湪 2锛 鐢ㄦ硶 a. 鍦╰old, said, knew, heard, thought绛夊姩璇嶅悗鐨勫璇粠鍙ャ係he said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 鐘惰浠庡彞 鍦ㄨ繃鍘讳笉鍚屾椂闂村彂鐢熺殑涓や釜鍔ㄤ綔涓紝鍙戠敓鍦ㄥ厛锛岀敤杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃锛涘彂鐢熷湪鍚庯紝鐢ㄤ竴鑸繃鍘绘椂...
绛旓細1.鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃锛氫粠杩囧幓鐨勬煇涓椂闂寸偣鍒拌璇濊繖涓椂闂寸偣杩涜鐨勬煇涓姩浣溿傚姩浣滃彂鐢熷湪杩囧幓锛屼絾鏄鐜板湪浜х敓浜嗘煇浜涘奖鍝嶏紝渚ч噸褰卞搷銆2.杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃讹細浠庤繃鍘荤殑鏌愪釜鏃堕棿鐐笰鍒拌繃鍘绘煇涓椂闂寸偣B锛圓涓瀹氭棭浜嶣杩涜鐨勬煇涓姩浣溿傝繃鍘荤殑杩囧幓锛屼晶閲嶄簬鍔ㄤ綔鍙戠敓鐨勬椂闂淬3.灏嗘潵瀹屾垚鏃讹細浠庤繃鍘荤殑鏌愪釜鏃堕棿鐐瑰埌灏嗘潵鐨勬煇涓椂闂...
绛旓細鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃朵笌涓鑸繃鍘绘椂鐨勬渶澶鍖哄埆灏辨槸锛氱幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂寮鸿皟杩囧幓鍙戠敓鐨勪簨瀵圭幇鍦ㄩ犳垚鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝鑰屼竴鑸繃鍘绘椂鍙槸琛ㄧず鍦ㄨ繃鍘荤殑鏃堕棿閲屽彂鐢熺殑鍔ㄤ綔锛屼笉寮鸿皟瀵圭幇鍦ㄩ犳垚鐨勫奖鍝嶃傚亣璁綛锛歐hy are you look unhappy锛烝锛歜ecause I have failed my exam.鈥滀笉楂樺叴鈥濇槸鈥滆冭瘯鑰冩儴浜嗏濈殑鍘熷洜锛屾槸瀵圭幇鍦ㄩ犳垚鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝鐢ㄧ幇鍦...
绛旓細锛堟浘缁/涔嬪墠锛変竴涓姩浣滄寔缁簡涓娈垫椂闂=杩囧幓鏃躲傛嫭鍙烽噷鐨勬槸 杩囧幓鏃 鍜 鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃 鍖哄垎鐨勫叧閿俥g锛氬皬寮犲湪鍏徃璧板粖閬囧埌鑰佹澘锛 鑰佹澘闂粬鍦ㄥ叕鍙稿伐浣滃涔呬簡锛 灏忓紶璇达細 鎴戝湪杩欓噷宸ヤ綔浜嗕笁骞淬傝繖閲岀敤鑻辫鍥炵瓟灏辨槸锛 I have worked here for 3 years. 鐢ㄧ幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂 濡傛灉 灏忔潕鍜屾湅鍙嬮涜锛 璺繃鏇剧粡宸ヤ綔杩...
绛旓細涓嶅悓鐐癸細涓鑸繃鍘绘椂灏变簨璁轰簨锛岃鐨勬槸杩囧幓鏌愪釜鏃跺欏湪鏌愪釜鍦扮偣鍙戠敓鐨勪竴涓簨鎯呮垨杩囧幓鏌愪釜鏃舵湡鎵瀛樺湪鐨勬儏鍐点傝鐨勬槸杩囧幓鐨勪簨瀹炪鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃鏈変袱绉嶇敤娉曪細1.鐭殏鎬х敤娉曪紝寮鸿皟杩囧幓鎵鍙戠敓鐨勮繖涓姩浣滃鈥滅幇鍦ㄢ濅骇鐢熺殑褰卞搷鎴栫粨鏋溿傚锛欻e has eaten lunch. 浠栧凡缁忓悆杩囧崍楗簡銆傦紙璇磋繖璇濈殑鐩殑锛屾槸鎯宠鏄庯紝浠...
