有哪些方式可以预防职业病 职业病有那些，有那些预防方法
\u9884\u9632\u804c\u4e1a\u75c5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b?\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\u5e38\u89c1\u804c\u4e1a\u75c5\u53ca\u9884\u9632\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5417?\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\u7531\u4e8e\u4e45\u5750\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u7535\u8111\uff0c\u6613\u5f15\u53d1\u591a\u79cd\u804c\u4e1a\u75c5\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\u5e38\u89c1\u804c\u4e1a\u75c5\u53ca\u9884\u9632\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b?
\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\u5e38\u89c1\u804c\u4e1a\u75c5\u53ca\u9884\u9632
1\u3001\u9888\u690e\u75c5
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\u9884\u9632\uff1a\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u529e\u516c\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u91cf\u627e\u673a\u4f1a\u505a\u505a\u8eab\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u7ecf\u5e38\u8f6c\u52a8\u8f6c\u52a8\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u5ea7\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u91cf\u7684\u4e3e\u624b\u81c2\u7ec3\u4e60\u548c\u4e0b\u8170\u7b49\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u953b\u70bc\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u8212\u7f13\u808c\u8089\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u653e\u677e\u80a9\u9888\u90e8\u808c\u8089\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002
2\u3001\u89c6\u529b\u4e0b\u964d
\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\u5f00\u5c55\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u7535\u8111\u529e\u516c\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6781\u5927\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5929\u5bf9\u7740\u7535\u81118\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u8981\u66f4\u4e45\uff0c\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u529e\u516c\u8005\u89c6\u529b\u53d7\u635f\u3002
\u7535\u8111\u9891\u5e55\u592a\u4eae\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u7535\u8111\u5c4f\u5e55\u5149\u7ebf\u5149\u8c31\u6709\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u6570\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\u5373\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u773c\u5e72\u773c\u6da9\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u8111\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4eba\u773c\u7684\u75b2\u52b3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u89c6\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u76f4\u7ebf\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u201c\u56db\u53ea\u773c\u201d\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u56e0\u800c\u6fc0\u589e\u3002
\u9884\u9632\uff1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u623f\u95f4\u7684\u4eae\u5ea6\u5e94\u8be5\u548c\u5c4f\u5e55\u7684\u4eae\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u773c\u775b\u8ddd\u663e\u793a\u5668\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u572870\u5398\u7c73\u4ee5\u4e0a;\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u529b\uff0c\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\u6700\u597d\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u5de6\u53f3\u5c31\u5411\u8fdc\u5904\u773a\u671b\uff0c\u591a\u770b\u7eff\u8272\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u7f13\u89e3\u773c\u75b2\u52b3\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u773c\u4fdd\u5065\u64cd\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u953b\u70bc\u773c\u7403\u7684\u808c\u8089\u5f39\u6027;\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6cea\u6d41\u91cf\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u6cea\u819c\u7a33\u5b9a\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0d\u8981\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u773c\u836f\u6c34\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u773c\u836f\u6c34\u5747\u542b\u9632\u8150\u5242\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7ed3\u819c\u89d2\u819c\u7684\u635f\u4f24\u3002
3\u3001\u80a5\u80d6
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\u9884\u9632\uff1a\u5728\u529e\u516c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5e38\u7684\u8d70\u52a8\u8d70\u52a8\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u505a\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4fdd\u5065\u64cd\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5f15\u8d77\u80a5\u80d6\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5e73\u65f6\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u52a0\u5f3a\u8eab\u4f53\u953b\u70bc\uff0c\u8bf7\u505a\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002
4\u3001\u98df\u6b32\u4e0d\u632f\uff0c\u6613\u5f15\u53d1\u80c3\u75c5
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\u9884\u9632\uff1a\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\u5e94\u8be5\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u996e\u98df\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u591a\u591a\u7684\u8865\u5145\u8eab\u4f53\u8425\u517b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5fd9\u964d\u4f4e\u996d\u83dc\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fd9\u788c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5403\u996d\u3002\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8981\u5ffd\u7565\u65e9\u9910\uff0c\u5e73\u65f6\u996e\u98df\u8981\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u5403\u996d\u7ec6\u56bc\u6162\u54bd\uff0c\u98df\u7269\u7cbe\u7c97\u642d\u914d\uff0c\u591a\u5403\u6e05\u6de1\u6613\u6d88\u5316\u98df\u7269\u3002
5\u3001\u524d\u5217\u817a\u75be\u75c5
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\u9884\u9632\uff1a\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\u8981\u591a\u591a\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u4f53\u80b2\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u8eab\u4f53\u5750\u592a\u4e45\u5bfc\u81f4\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002
6\u3001\u76ae\u80a4\u8fc7\u654f
\u663e\u793a\u5668\u5904\u4e8e\u5f00\u673a\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\u5468\u56f4\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u7535\u573a\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4f1a\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u60ac\u6d6e\u7684\u7070\u5c18\u5438\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9762\u90e8\u76ae\u80a4\u53d7\u5230\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u654f\u8d77\u75b9\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u3002
\u9884\u9632\uff1a\u5728\u7535\u8111\u684c\u4e0a\u6446\u653e\u4e00\u76c6\u4ed9\u4eba\u638c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed9\u4eba\u638c\u7684\u9488\u523a\u80fd\u591f\u5438\u6536\u7070\u5c18\u3002\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f00\u7a97\u901a\u98ce\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u6e05\u6d01\u952e\u76d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u952e\u76d8\u65f6\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u5e94\u5148\u6d17\u624b\u518d\u8fdb\u98df\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u8111\u65f6\u7528\u5e03\u5c06\u952e\u76d8\u906e\u76d6\u3002
\u536b\u6cd5\u76d1\u53d1 [2002] 108\u53f7\u4ee4(\u804c\u4e1a\u75c5\u79cd\u7c7b 10\u7c7b115\u79cd\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u65b0\u8865\u5145\u6807\u51c6\uff1aGBZ 236-2011 \u804c\u4e1a\u6027\u767d\u6591\u7684\u8bca\u65ad)
GBZ188-2007
GBZ/T 225\u20142010
\u804c\u4e1a\u75c5\u5371\u5bb3\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u7c7b\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u4f8b\uff09:
\u4e00\u3001\u7c89\u5c18\u7c7b
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u77fd\u5c18(\u6e38\u79bb\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u542b\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc710\uff05\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u6027\u7c89\u5c18)
1\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u75c5\uff1a\u77fd\u80ba
2\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u7164\u70ad\u91c7\u9009\u4e1a\uff1a\u5ca9\u5df7\u51ff\u5ca9\u3001\u5ca9\u5df7\u7206\u7834\u3001\u5ca9\u5df7\u88c5\u8f7d\u3001\u51fa\u77f8\u63a8\u8f66\u3001\u55b7\u6d46\u780c\u78b9\u3001\u5ca9\u5df7\u6398\u8fdb\u3001\u7164\u5df7\u6253\u773c\u3001\u7164\u5df7\u7206\u7834\u3001\u7164\u5df7\u52a0\u56fa\u3001\u91c7\u7164\u8fd0\u8f93\u3001\u4e95\u4e0b\u901a\u98ce
\uff082\uff09\u77f3\u6cb9\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u91c7\u9009\u4e1a\uff1a\u6ce5\u6d46\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u5730\u8d28\u78e8\u7247
\uff083\uff09\u9ed1\u8272\u91d1\u5c5e\u77ff\u91c7\u9009\u4e1a\uff1a\u9ed1\u8272\u77ff\u7a7f\u5b54\u3001\u70ae\u91c7\u3001\u673a\u91c7\u3001\u88c5\u8f7d\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u3001\u56de\u586b\u3001\u652f\u62a4\u3001\u91c7\u77ff\u8f85\u52a9\u3001\u7834\u788e\u3001\u7b5b\u9009\u3001\u7814\u78e8\u3001\u6d6e\u9009\u3001\u91cd\u9009\u3001\u78c1\u9009\u3001\u9009\u77ff\u8f85\u52a9
\uff084\uff09\u6709\u8272\u91d1\u5c5e\u77ff\u91c7\u9009\u4e1a\uff1a\u6253\u5b54\u3001\u70ae\u91c7\u3001\u673a\u91c7\u3001\u88c5\u8f7d\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u3001\u56de\u586b\u3001\u652f\u62a4\u3001\u91c7\u77ff\u8f85\u52a9\u7834\u788e\u3001\u7b5b\u9009\u3001\u7814\u78e8\u3001\u6d6e\u9009\u3001\u91cd\u9009\u3001\u78c1\u9009\u3001\u7535\u9009\u3001\u9009\u77ff\u8f85\u52a9
\uff085\uff09\u5efa\u7b51\u6750\u6599\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u77ff\u91c7\u9009\u4e1a\uff1a\u571f\u7802\u77f3\u6253\u5b54\u3001\u70ae\u91c7\u3001\u673a\u91c7\u3001\u88c5\u8f7d\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u3001\u7834\u788e\u3001\u7b5b\u9009\u3001\u7814\u78e8\u3001\u8f6c\u8fd0\u3001\u5f00\u91c7\u8f85\u52a9\uff1b\u6cb3\u7802\u5438\u91c7\u3001\u6cb3\u7802\u624b\u91c7\u3001\u6cb3\u7802\u7b5b\u9009\u3001\u6cb3\u7802\u8f6c\u8fd0\u3001\u6cb3\u7802\u8fd0\u8f93\u3001\u6cb3\u7802\u5f00\u91c7\u8f85\u52a9\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u77ff\u6253\u5b54\u3001\u70ae\u91c7\u3001\u673a\u91c7\u3001\u88c5\u8f7d\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u3001\u56de\u586b\u3001\u652f\u62a4\u3001\u91c7\u77ff\u8f85\u52a9\u3001\u7834\u788e\u3001\u7b5b\u9009\u3001\u7814\u78e8\u3001\u6d6e\u9009\u3001\u91cd\u9009\u3001\u9009\u77ff\u8f85\u52a9\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u77ff\u6253\u5b54\u3001\u70ae\u91c7\u3001\u673a\u91c7\u3001\u88c5\u8f7d\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u3001\u56de\u586b\u3001\u652f\u62a4\u3001\u91c7\u77ff\u8f85\u52a9\u3001\u7834\u788e\u3001\u7b5b\u9009\u3001\u7814\u78e8\u3001\u91cd\u9009\u3001\u9009\u77ff\u8f85\u52a9
\uff086\uff09\u5de5\u827a\u7f8e\u672f\u54c1\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\uff1a\u77f3\u8d28\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u96d5\u523b
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企业对可能产生职业病危害的新建、扩建、改建建设项目或技术改造、技术引进项目，应依法进行职业病危害预评价和控制效果评价，经卫生行政部门审核、审查、竣工验收;用职业卫生的防护设施来控制并消除生产性有害因素对健康的影响。
在劳动生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素，应从组织管理措施、设备技术措施和个人卫生防护、保健措施等进行综合治理
1.组织管理措施 根据国家法律法规、条例、规范、标准，结合本单位的具体情况，有领导、有计划、有重点地开展职业卫生工作，并将职业病防治工作纳人到议事日程，制定职业安全卫生管理制度、操作规程、有关职业卫生防护办法和应急救援方案。同时还要开展职业卫生的培训和宣传，加强职业卫生工作的检查，切实做到安全生产，文明生产。
2.设备技术措施 (1)改革工艺从工艺上改革、消除或控制生产劳动中的职业病危害因素是有效的预防措施。如用低毒或无毒的原料代替有毒或高毒原料;用机械遥控操作代替人工操作等
(2)隔离密闭对产生尘毒等有毒有害因素的设备或作业，应采取隔离的原则，使污染源不扩散;有些设备要加强密闭，控制跑、冒、滴、漏。 (3)通风排毒发生尘毒的工作场所，应设置通风装置，排除尘毒。对排除的尘毒必须净化、中和或过滤，防止周围环境污染。有高温辐射热的工作场所要做好隔热及通风降温。一切通风设施事先应合理设计，并保持经常的维修保养。
3.卫生保健措施
(1)开展健康监护为了全面掌握职工健康状况，必须建立职业健康监护档案。按照国家规定进行职业健康体检，早期发现职工的健康改变和职业禁忌，对健康受损害的职工要早期治疗，对有职业禁忌的职工应调离原工作岗位、予以妥善安排。这是职业卫生和预防职业病的重要手段。（EHS中国） (2)加强职业病危害因素的监测企业应当实施专
人负责职业病危害因素的日常监测，制定监测管理制度，按照国家规定定期对工作场所职业病危害因素进行检测、评价，了解工作场所职业病危害程度、防护设备的效果、是否符合国家职业卫生标准。对发现的问题、超过国家职业卫生标准的岗位及隐患应制定整改计划，按时完成整改。
(3)做好个人防护正确使用个人防护设备，是预防职业病的有效措施之一。包括防毒面具、防毒口罩、防护眼镜、手套、围裙、胶鞋等。防护皮肤损伤用的皮肤防护膏;防辐射热的防热服;在有酸、碱等腐蚀性物质处应设置冲洗设备等。在易发生急性职业中毒事故的岗位应配备防护用具、医疗药械等。
预防职业病，主要是以下三个方面：
第一，改进工艺，从源头上减少职业病危害因素的产生。
第二，采取职业病防护措施，加强个体防护，减少劳动者接触职业病危害因素的机会。
第三，加强职业健康监护工作。
职业病有哪些？我们要如何正确防治职业病？
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