现在完成时的具体用法，持续性动词，瞬间性动词
初中英语现在完成时用法及综合练习现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has）+ 过去分词
1．表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：
I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）
现在完成时常用的时间状语有： already （”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）
never (“从不” 用于中间处)
ever （”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）
just (“刚刚” 用于中间处)
yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还” 用于否定句的末尾处)
或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.
现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作。试比较：The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）
一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1990, in October, just now等-- 具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, … --模糊的时间状语
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过 去时
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
练习：I．翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。4. 他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。7. 我上星期看过这部电影。8. 在1992年他住在这里。II． 用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.” “When ________ you __________ (have) it?” “I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?” “Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?11. “____________ you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________ .” “Where __________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ I ___________ (buy) it in a bookstore.” “When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”since 和 for 的用法表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间（数词+量词），此划线部分用how long提问。一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。二、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。 如：We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。练习：用since和for填空1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.2.短暂性转换延续性①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.2) I moved to the USA last year.I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.3) I went home yesterday.I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.4) They came here last week.They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out1) He came out two years ago.He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.2) We returned to Fuzhou yesterday.We ________ ________ _________ in Fuzhou since __________.③become → be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.④close → be closed open → be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.⑤get up → be up die → be dead leave sw. → be away from sw. fall asleep/get to sleep → be asleep finish/end → be over marry → be married1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ________ ________ since ________ _______ ________.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I ________ _________ _________ for _________ __________.6) They married in 1990.They ________ _________ __________since _________.⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I ____ ____ at this school since ____.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know1) They borrowed it last week.They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.3) I got to know him last year.I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.⑧have/has gone to → have been in1) He has gone to Beijing.He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.⑨join the league/the Party/the army → be a league/a Party member/a soldier→ be a member of the league/the Party → be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.3.汉译英1）这本字典我已买了三年了。2）他离开中国三年了。3）我认识他们五年了。4）他们已去了美国五年了。5）自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。6）他们已经结婚10年。7）我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。8）这会已开了多长时间了？9）这门已经关了两天了。10）我入团2年了。 I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago. I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years. I __________ ___________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years. I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.11）自从1999年以来他们就认识。12）我来到农场已5年了。4.划线提问1) I have been there for two days. __________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000._________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?3) He left here yesterday._________ ________ he _________ __________?4) They bought a book two hours ago.__________ ___________ they __________ a book?have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法一、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroad二、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如： I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。三、have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。练习：I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?B: He _____________ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?B: He _____________ there only once. II. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.2) David ________ the park just now.3) John _______ England since he came back.4) How long _____ have _____ this village?5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.7) I _____ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _____ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ the zoo.12) He often _____ swimming.13) _____ you ______ there last year?14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter? III.翻译下列句子：1. 他已经来中国三年多了。2. 他们出国两个月了。3. 我从来没去过长城。4. 你曾经出过国吗？5. 他已经去图书馆了。6. 他来这儿五年了。7. 昨天他去了公园。8. “你要去哪里？” “我要去学校。”9. 他常常去游泳。 综合练习: I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.” II. 翻译下列句子：1. 他们已经打扫了教室吗？2. 我们已经认识有二十年了。3. 打那以后，她一直住在这。4. “你曾经到过那里吗？” “不，我从来没到过那里。” III. 用适当的时态填空：1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them ________________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ____________ you ______________ (see) it here and there?6. _____________ you ____________ (find) your watch yet?7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________ just _____________ (have) some orange.8. We _____________already ______________ (return) the book.9. ___________ they ____________ (build) a new school in the village?10. I ________________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday. III．句型转换：1. He has already gone home. He _________ __________ home ____________. (否定句) ____________ he __________ home ___________? (疑问句)2. He has lunch at home. He __________ _____________ lunch at home. (否定句) ____________ he __________ lunch at home? (疑问句)3. He has been there twice. __________ __________ ________ __________ he been there? (划线提问)4. I have lunch at school. __________ __________ you ____________ lunch. (划线提问)
绛旓細鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃剁敤娉 锛1锛夎〃绀哄姩浣滃彂鐢熷湪杩囧幓鏌愪釜涓嶇‘瀹鐨鏃堕棿锛屼絾瀵圭幇鍦ㄧ暀涓嬩簡鏌愮褰卞搷鍜岀粨鏋溿傚父琚玧ust銆乤lready銆亂et 绛夊壇璇嶄慨楗般傚锛-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.浣狅紙宸茬粡锛夊悆鍗堥キ浜嗗悧锛 鎴戝垰鍒氬悆杩囥傦紙鐜板湪鎴戜笉楗夸簡锛夛紙2锛夎〃绀轰粠杩囧幓鏌愪竴鏃跺埢寮濮嬩竴鐩...
绛旓細鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃剁敤娉濡備笅锛氫竴銆佺幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂琛ㄧず褰卞搷 杩欑瀹屾垚鏃朵竴鑸〃绀猴細杩囧幓鍙戠敓鐨勫姩浣滃湪杩囧幓宸茬粡瀹屾垚;杩囧幓鍙戠敓骞跺畬鎴愮殑鍔ㄤ綔瀵圭幇鍦ㄦ湁褰卞搷鎴栫粨鏋;璇磋瘽鑰呭己璋冪殑鎴栨劅鍏磋叮鐨勫氨鏄繖涓奖鍝嶆垨缁撴灉銆備緥鍙ワ細Someone has broken the window. (缁撴灉锛氱獥鎴蜂粛鐮寸潃銆)浜屻佺幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂琛ㄧず鎸佺画 杩欑瀹屾垚鏃朵竴鑸〃绀猴細杩囧幓鍙戠敓鐨...
绛旓細鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃(have done)鐢ㄦ硶锛欰)琛ㄧず鍔ㄤ綔鍒扮幇鍦ㄤ负姝㈠凡缁忓畬鎴愭垨鍒氬垰瀹屾垚銆侭)琛ㄧず浠庤繃鍘绘煇鏃跺埢寮濮锛屾寔缁鍒扮幇鍦ㄧ殑鍔ㄤ綔鎴栨儏鍐碉紝骞朵笖鏈夊彲鑳戒細缁х画寤剁画涓嬪幓銆傛鏃剁粡甯哥敤寤剁画鎬у姩璇嶃傛椂闂寸姸璇父鐢╯ince鍔犱竴涓繃鍘荤殑鏃堕棿鐐癸紝鎴杅or 鍔犱竴娈垫椂闂达紝鎴朾y鍔犱竴涓幇鍦ㄦ椂闂淬傝繃鍘诲畬鎴愭椂(had done)鐢ㄦ硶锛氳〃绀哄湪杩囧幓鐨鏌愪釜...
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绛旓細浠庤繃鍘诲埌鐜板湪鎸佺画鐨勭姸鎬 鐢ㄧ幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂鎴栬呯幇鍦ㄨ繘琛屾椂銆傜幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂鏄竴绉嶆棦娑夊強杩囧幓锛屽張鑱旂郴鐜板湪鐨勪竴绉嶆椂鎬侊紝琛ㄧず杩囧幓鐨勫姩浣滃鐜板湪鎵閫犳垚鐨勭粨鏋滄垨褰卞搷銆傜幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂鐢扁滃姪鍔ㄨ瘝have/has + 杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝鈥濇瀯鎴愩傝鍒欏彉鍖栫殑杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝涓庡姩璇嶈繃鍘诲紡鐨勫彉鍖栦竴鏍凤紝鍦ㄥ姩璇嶈瘝灏惧姞-ed锛鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃剁殑鐢ㄦ硶锛氳〃绀鸿繃鍘诲彂鐢熸垨宸...
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绛旓細锛坔ave/has鍜屼富璇彲浠ョ缉鍐欐垚鈥滀富璇檝e/涓昏鈥檚锛屾瘮濡侷 have 鍙缉鍐欎负I鈥檝e锛 he has 鍙缉鍐欎负he鈥檚,娉ㄦ剰he鈥檚 涔熸槸he is 鐨缂╁啓锛屽湪鍙ュ瓙涓嚭鐜版椂瑕佸紕娓呮锛変簩锛岀幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂鐢ㄦ硶锛氾紙1锛夎〃绀鸿繃鍘诲彂鐢熸垨宸茬粡瀹屾垚鐨勫姩浣滐紝瀵圭幇鍦ㄩ犳垚鐨勫奖鍝嶆垨缁撴灉銆傦紙2锛夎〃绀轰粠杩囧幓鏌愪竴鏃跺埢寮濮嬩竴鐩鎸佺画鍒扮幇鍦ㄧ殑鍔ㄤ綔...
绛旓細浣嗘槸,鍏瀹屾垚鏃剁殑鍚﹀畾寮忓彲涓庤〃绀轰竴娈电殑鏃堕棿鐘惰杩炵敤,琛ㄧず涓绉嶇姸鎬.渚嬪:I haven't received a letter from my father for two months.鎴戝凡涓や釜鏈堟病鏈夋敹鍒版垜鐖哥埜鐨勪俊浜.He hasn't come here for a week.浠栦竴涓槦鏈熸病鏈夋潵杩欓噷浜.鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃瑕佺偣鍓栨瀽 涓銆佺幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂涓庝竴鑸繃鍘绘椂鐨勭敤娉姣旇緝 鐜板湪...
绛旓細2銆佽〃绀鎸佺画 璇鐢ㄦ硶鐨勭幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂琛ㄧず涓涓繃鍘诲彂鐢熺殑鍔ㄤ綔鎴栧紑濮嬬殑鐘舵佸湪杩囧幓骞舵湭瀹屾垚鎴栫粨鏉燂紝鑰屾槸涓鐩存寔缁埌鐜板湪锛屽苟涓旀湁鍙兘缁х画涓嬪幓锛堜篃鍙兘鍒版缁撴潫锛夈傚姹夎璇粹滀粬鍦ㄦ垜浠鏍℃暀涔﹀凡鏈30骞翠簡鈥濓紝鏄剧劧鈥滀粬鍦ㄦ垜浠鏍℃暀涔︹濇槸浠30骞村墠寮濮嬶紝骞朵笖涓鐩存暀鍒扮幇鍦紝宸茬粡鎸佺画浜30骞达紱鍙堝姹夎璇粹滆嚜涓婁釜鏄熸湡...
