太阳能怎么发电？
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利用电位差发电，无电磁波产生太阳电池(solar cell)是以半导体制程的制作方式做成的，其发电原理是将太阳光照射在太阳电池上，使太阳电池吸收太阳光能透过图中的p-型半导体及n-型半导体使其产生电子(负极)及电洞(正极)，同时分离电子与电洞而形成电压降，再经由导线传输至负载。
简单的说，太阳光电的发电原理，是利用太阳电池吸收0.2μm～0.4μm波长的太阳光，将光能直接转变成电能输出的一种发电方式。
由于太阳电池产生的电是直流电，因此若需提供电力给家电用品或各式电器则需加装直/交流转换器，将直流电转换成交流电，才能供电至家庭用电或工业用电
再讲清楚一点，既然是发电，又要回到电子移动的原理。基本上，太阳光电板是一种光电半导体薄片，由上层N型半导体跟P型半导体组合而成。当太阳光子打在光电板上，就会造成上层正电往下层移动，下层的负电往上移动，因而形成电流。
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