提高阅读技巧的4个建议
1. Fet what you know about reading.,将你对阅读的一切认知都抛开,Did you ever wonder why teachers teach the SQ3R strategy? That strategy requires that you read a text more than one time and that you question what you read. The truth is, you should never read a school book or article one time! There is a right way to read a book for pleasure, and a right way to read a book for learning. You can read a book for pleasure one time through and be just fine.,You’ll get all you need out of that one reading—which is pleasure. However, it is harmful to assume that you should approach academic reading the same way. In order to read and prehend a book or article for school, you need to be much more intentional and strategic. That is, if you want to earn a good grade!,你有没有好奇过为什么老师会讲SQ3R 方法(Survey,Question,Read,Recite,Review)呢?该方法要求你将一篇文本多读几次,并对阅读的内容质疑。而真相是,你一次都没有读过课本或文章!为了获得乐趣,或者学习知识而阅读也有正确的方法。你可以纯粹为了乐趣将一本书读一遍。那么你会从阅读中得到所有你需要的,即乐趣。但是,如果以同样的方法来对待学术阅读则是有危害的。为了阅读或理解课内书籍或文章,你需要更加集中注意力且采用策略。也就是说,如果你想获得好成绩的话!,2. Understand genres and themes.,了解体裁和主题,In most reading tests, the student is asked to read a passage and predict what might happen next. Prediction is a mon reading prehension strategy. The purpose for this strategy is to make sure you’re able to infer information from the clues in the text. Here’s an passage to clarify this point:,在大多数的阅读测试中,学生们会被要求阅读一段文章,并预测接下来的内容是什么。预测是一种常见的阅读理解模式,该模式的目的是确保你可以从文章中的线索里推断出信息。这里有一段文章可以对这一点作出解释:,Clara gripped the handle of the heavy glass pitcher and lifted it from the refrigerator shelf. She didn’t understand why her mother thought she was too young to pour her own juice. As she backed away carefully, the rubber seal of the refrigerator door caught the lip of the glass pitcher, which caused the slippery handle to slip from her hand. As she watch the pitcher crash into a thousand pieces, she saw the figure of her mother appear in the kitchen doorway.,克拉拉抓住了沉重的玻璃水罐的把手,将它从冰箱搁板上拿下来,她不明白为什么妈妈觉得她太小,不能自己给自己倒果汁。她小心翼翼地往后挪,冰箱门上的橡胶密封圈碰到了玻璃水罐的边缘处。克拉拉眼睁睁看着水罐摔了个粉碎,又看到了妈妈的身影出现在厨房门口。,So, what do you think will happen next? We could guess that Clara’s mother reacts angrily, or we might guess that the mother bursts into laughter. Either answer would be sufficient, since we have so little information to go on.,所以,你认为接下来会发生什么呢?我们可以猜猜看,克拉拉的妈妈是勃然大怒呢,还是忍俊不禁呢。两个答案都有可能,因为我们获取的信息量太少了。,But if I told you that this passage was an excerpt from a thriller, that fact might impact your answer. Similarly, if I told you this passage came from a edy, you'd make a very different prediction.,但是,如果我告诉你这段话摘自一篇惊险小说,这个事实可能就会影响你的答案了。同样地,如果我告诉你这段话摘自一篇喜剧小说,你又会作出一个截然不同的预测。,It is important to know something about the type of text you're reading, whether it is a nonfiction or a work of fiction. Understanding the genre of a book helps you make predictions about the action--which helps you prehend the action.,了解你所阅读的文本的体裁十分重要,不管它是不是小说。了解一本书的体裁能够帮助你对情节作出预测,从而也帮助你理解故事情节。,3. Read with tools.,在工具的辅助下阅读,Any time you read to learn (and not for pleasure), you should use active reading skills. There are good tools to use as you read, and there are tools that are not so good to use.,当你为了学习知识而阅读时,(并非为了乐趣),你就应该使用积极的阅读技巧。阅读时使用的工具也是有好有坏。,A pencil is a good tool. You can use a pencil to make annotations in the margins of your text without doing any permanent damage to the text.,铅笔是一个好的工具。你可以用铅笔在文章边缘做注释,就不会对文本造成任何不可复原的毁坏。,Another good tool is a pack of sticky notes. Use your notes to jot down thoughts, impressions, predictions, and questions as you read.,还有一个好工具是一包便利贴。用便利贴来记录你在阅读中的想法,印象,预测和问题。,A highlighter, on the other hand, can be a really bad tool. Not only do you create some serious damage when you highlight a book, you also give yourself the false impression that you have acplished anything significant by doing so.,另一方面,荧光笔是一个糟糕的工具。它不仅使你在作记号时给书本造成破坏,也会让你产生这样做就能完成所有重要的事的错觉。,The only thing you acplish by highlighting is marking passages that you may want to read again. But if a passage impresses you enough to highlight it, you must indicate why it impresses you. Otherwise, you will go back to read isolated sentences and try to remember why they were important.,你用荧光笔唯一可以完成的就是给你想要在此阅读的段落做上标记。但是,如果一篇文章已经给你留下了足够深刻的印象,你就要标注上该文章打动你的原因。否则,你就只能倒回去阅读单个的句子,并且试着记住其重要性的原因。,4. Analyze the title (and subtitles).,分析标题(及副标题),If you are wondering why I would mention the title last, I can assure you that there is a good reason. The title is often the last thing to be adjusted once a writer has finished writing.,如果你很好奇为什么我会把关于标题的内容放在最后说,我可以告诉你一个充分的理由。标题通常是作者在完成写作后最后进行调整的部分。,A writer will labor hard and long on an article or book, and often the writer uses many of the same strategies that a good reader uses. Writers edit the text and identify themes, make predictions, and make notations galore.,作者在一篇文章或一本书会花费大量的心血,而且作者通常会使用和优秀的读者一样的许多策略。作者们将文本进行编辑,并确定主题,作出预测,并做上大量的注释。,Many writers are surprised by the ists and turns that e from the creative process.,许多作者会对这个充满创意的过程的迂回曲折感到惊讶不已。,This is why, once a text is pleted, the writer may reflect on the true message or purpose as a final step and e up with a new title. This means you can use the title as a clue to help you understand the message or purpose of your text.,这就是为什么当一篇文章完成后,作者会把反映真实信息或目标作为最后一步,然后想出一个新标题的原因。这意味着你可以把标题做为帮助你理解信息或文章目的的线索。,声明:本双语文章的中文翻译系原创内容,转载请注明出处。中文翻译仅代表译者个人观点,仅供参考。如有不妥之处,欢迎指正。
绛旓細鎻愰珮闃呰鑳藉姏鐨5澶鎶宸 瀛︿範鏃惰鎵惧埌閫傚悎鑷繁鐨鏂规硶锛屾彁楂樿嚜宸卞涔犵殑鏁堢巼锛岃繖鏍锋墠鑳借揪鍒颁簨鍗婂姛鍊嶇殑鏁堟灉銆傛帴涓嬫潵鎴戞暣鐞嗕簡鎻愰珮闃呰鑳藉姏鐨5澶ф妧宸э紝鏂囩珷甯屾湜澶у鍠滄锛侊紙1锛夊姏姹傜悊瑙c傝涔﹀簲褰撹竟璇昏竟鎯筹紝鍔涙眰鐞嗚В锛屾槑纭功涓墍瑕佽〃杈剧殑涓績鎬濇兂銆傞槄璇绘椂锛屽簲褰撴瘡鐪嬩竴娈靛氨鎯充竴鎯筹紝鎶婃枃绔犲ぇ鎰忓紕鎳傦紱鍦ㄥ叏鏂囪瀹...
绛旓細姣斿浣犲湪闃呰鍏充簬鎻愰珮鑻辫鍙h鐩稿叧鐨勬枃绔犳椂锛屼綘灏辫闂嚜宸卞嚑涓棶棰:浣滆呯殑鏂规硶鑳戒笉鑳戒负鎴戞墍鐢?鍝簺瑙傜偣濂芥垨鑰呬笉濂?濂藉湪鍝噷?浣犺涓杈硅鏂囩珷锛屼竴杈硅仈鎯充綘鐨勫涔犲満鏅紝鐪嬬湅瀵硅嚜宸辩殑瀛︿範鏈変粈涔堝惎鍙戙傚彧鏈夋湁鎶宸銆佹湁鐩爣鍦板幓闃呰锛屾墠鑳芥彁楂樺涔犺川閲忋佸涔犳晥鐜囥傜敤姝g‘鐨勬柟娉曪紝鎶婂埆浜虹殑鐭ヨ瘑鍙樻垚鑷繁鐨勭煡璇嗐
绛旓細4銆佸浼氭姄閲嶇偣鍙婃暣鍚堝唴瀹广傚叧浜庝竴鏈功涓紝鍝簺鏄噸鐐癸紝涓婇潰绠鍗曞垪涓捐繃鍑犱釜锛屽湪璇荤殑杩囩▼涓鐣欎笅璁板彿鍜屾壒娉紝杩欐牱鏂逛究浣犺瀹屼箣鍚庢湁鐩爣鐨勯噸鐐闃呰鍜岀悊瑙c傜畝鍗曠殑闃呰涓閬嶄竴鑸笉浼氭湁澶ぇ鏀惰幏锛岄渶瑕佸洖鐪嬨侀噸鐐规濊冨拰璁板繂銆傛兂瑕佽鏇村鐨勭煡璇嗙偣鐣欏湪鑴戣閲岋紝瑕佸浼氭妸闆舵暎鐨勭煡璇嗙偣鏁村悎涓涓嬨備竴鑸寤鸿锛氫互鐭ヨ瘑...
绛旓細绗洓銆佸揩閫闃呰璁粌杩囩▼涓殑鍑犵偣灏寤鸿 1.鍦ㄧ粌涔犵殑鏃跺欙紝缁欒嚜宸卞埗瀹氫笉鏂鎻愬崌鐨灏忚鍒掑緢鏈夊府鍔┿傛瘮濡傦紝绗竴闃舵缁欒嚜宸卞埗瀹氫竴鐪肩湅6涓瓧鐨勫皬鐩爣锛屾椂闂存槸涓鍛紝姣忓ぉ寮哄寲缁冧範鍗婂皬鏃躲傛瘡娆$粌涔犲畬鍚庯紝鐢ㄤ竴鐪肩湅6涓瓧鐨鏂规硶瀹為檯闃呰鏂囩珷鍗婂皬鏃躲傜瓑杈惧埌浜嗚繖涓皬鐩爣锛屽彲浠ョ粰鑷繁鏉ヤ竴鐐瑰皬濂栧姳锛岀劧鍚庡啀鍒跺畾涓嬩竴...
绛旓細3銆佸姞寮鸿鍫闃呰鎶宸锛氬湪閫傚綋鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鑰佸笀浠紙灏ゅ叾鏄鏂囪佸笀锛夊彲浠ヨ姳鍑犺妭璇剧殑鏃堕棿锛堝彲浠ュ埄鐢ㄥ鑷慨鐨勬椂闂达級鎸囧瀛︾敓浠浣曢槄璇昏澶栬鐗╋紝鍩瑰吇浠栦滑鎺屾彙涓浜涢槄璇绘妧宸э紝鍐嶈浠栦滑鎶婃妧宸х敤鍒拌澶栭槄璇讳笂闈傚鐢熶滑鎺屾彙浜嗕竴瀹氱殑鎶宸у悗锛屽繀鐒跺浠栦滑鑷韩鎻愰珮璇惧闃呰鑳藉姏鏈夋墍甯姪銆4銆佹寚瀵煎鐢熻澶栭槄璇:鐢变簬寰堝瀛︾敓...
绛旓細3. 浣跨敤闃呰鎶宸锛- 楂樻晥闃呰鐨勫叧閿槸鎺屾彙涓浜涢槄璇绘妧宸с備緥濡傦紝蹇闃呰鐨鏂规硶銆佹憳瑕佸拰姒傛嫭鐨勬妧宸с佸叧閿瘝鏍囪鍜岃绗旇鐨勬柟娉曠瓑锛屽彲浠ュ府鍔╁姞蹇槄璇婚熷害骞鎻愰珮淇℃伅鐨勭悊瑙e拰璁板繂銆4. 闆嗕腑娉ㄦ剰鍔涳細- 鍦ㄩ槄璇昏繃绋嬩腑锛屼繚鎸佷笓娉ㄥ拰闆嗕腑娉ㄦ剰鍔涙槸閲嶈鐨勩傛秷闄ゅ共鎵帮紝閫夋嫨瀹夐潤鑸掗傜殑鐜锛屽苟娉ㄦ剰鑷繁鐨勬敞鎰忓姏鏄惁寮濮...
绛旓細3.鏁村悎闃呰娉曪細鏁村悎闃呰娉曟槸妫楠屾槸鍚︾湡姝h閫忎竴鏈功鐨勬渶鐩磋鐨鏂规硶銆傚ぇ瀹跺彲浠ュ仛涓皬缁冧範锛屽湪鐪嬪畬姣忎竴绔犲氨鐢30涓瓧浠ュ唴鏉ユ荤粨锛岀洿鑷虫渶鍚庯紝鐢140瀛椾互鍐呬负鍏ㄤ功鍐欐憳瑕併傛濂芥槸涓鏉″井鍗氱殑瀛楁暟銆傞暱鏈熶互寰锛屼綘浼氬彂鐜拌嚜宸遍槄璇绘椂锛岃兘寰堝揩鐨勬槑鐧戒綔鑰呮兂瑕佽〃杈剧殑鎰忓浘銆4.妫楠岄槄璇绘硶锛氫綔鑰呮帹鑽愶紝鍑犳湰涔﹀悓鏃朵竴璧疯...
绛旓細5. 璇嶆眹鎵╁厖锛氬鐢熺殑璇嶆眹閲忓闃呰鐞嗚В鑷冲叧閲嶈銆傛暀甯堝彲浠ラ氳繃璇嶆眹鏁欏鍜岃瘝姹囨墿灞曟椿鍔紝甯姪瀛︾敓绉疮鏇村鐨勮瘝姹囷紝鎻愰珮浠栦滑瀵规枃鏈殑鐞嗚В鍜岃В璇昏兘鍔涖6. 鎻愪緵闃呰鏀寔锛氬湪瀛︾敓闃呰杩囩▼涓紝缁欎簣閫傚綋鐨勬寚瀵煎拰鏀寔銆備緥濡傦紝鎻愬墠棰勪範鏂囩珷鐨勪富棰樺拰缁撴瀯锛屼娇鐢ㄦ爣璁板拰娉ㄩ噴鎶宸甯姪瀛︾敓鐞嗚В鏂囩珷锛屼互鍙婃彁渚涘弽棣堝拰寤鸿甯姪浠栦滑...
绛旓細1銆佸璇讳功锛岃繖鏄鎻愰珮闃呰鑳藉姏鏈涓昏鏈鏈夋晥鐨鏂规硶锛岄亣鍒颁竴绡囨枃绔狅紝涓瀹氳闈欎笅蹇冩潵璇绘枃绔狅紝涓嶈瑙夊緱娴垂鏃堕棿锛屾矇娴稿叾涓紝鍜屼綔鑰呭悓娆箰鍏辨偛浼わ紝浣犱細浠庝腑浜彈鍒拌涔︾殑涔愯叮锛岃寰楄涔︿笉鏄斾欢鐥涜嫤浜嬶紝鍙嶈屽緢鏈夋剰鎬濄2銆佹煡瀛楀吀锛屽湪璇讳功鐨勮繃绋嬩腑閬囧埌涓嶈璇嗙殑瀛楁垨鑰呰嚜宸卞紕涓嶆竻妤氱殑璇嶈銆佹垚璇瓑瑕佸鏌ュ瓧鍏革紝鍦...
绛旓細瑕鎻愬崌璇枃浣滄枃鍜闃呰鑳藉姏锛寤鸿浣犲彲浠ュ皾璇曚互涓鏂规硶锛1. 闃呰锛氬璇讳紭绉鐨勪腑鏂囨枃瀛︿綔鍝侊紝鎵╁ぇ璇嶆眹閲忥紝鎻愰珮璇劅銆傚彲浠ラ夋嫨缁忓吀钁椾綔銆佷紭绉浣滃鐨勪綔鍝併佹湡鍒婃潅蹇椼佹柊闂绘姤閬撶瓑銆傚悓鏃讹紝涔熻娉ㄦ剰闃呰鏃剁殑濮垮娍銆侀熷害銆佺悊瑙e姏鍜屾濊冨姏銆2. 鍐欎綔锛氬缁冧範鍐欎綔锛屽彲浠ヤ粠妯′豢寮濮嬶紝浠垮啓涓浜涘ソ鐨勬枃绔狅紝鐒跺悗閫愭鎻愰珮鑷繁鐨...