美国南北战争的真正原因是什么 美国南北战争爆发的根本原因和直接原因是什么
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Anthony Burns \u662f\u9003\u5230\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u5357\u65b9\u9ed1\u5974\uff0c\u5728 1854 \u5e74 5 \u6708\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8981\u88ab\u4f9d\u6cd5\u9063\u8fd4\u56de\u5357\u65b9\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u7fa4\u60c5\u6fc0\u6602\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u89e3\u653e Burns\uff0c\u800c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5219\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u6cd5\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u56db\u65b9\u5e9f\u5974\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8d76\u6765\uff0c\u903c\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u52a8\u519b\u961f\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u6ca1\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u6765\u4f5c\u62bc\u9001 Burns \u7684\u5012\u9709\u4e8b\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53ea\u597d\u7531\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u52bf\u4e0d\u4e24\u7acb\u7684\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u79fb\u6c11\u8b66\u961f\u6765\u6267\u884c\u3002\u800c\u652f\u6301\u5e9f\u5974\u7684\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u515a\u4e00\u65f6\u58f0\u5a01\u5927\u632f\uff0c\u515a\u5458\u5728\u6570\u6708\u95f4\u5c31\u4ece\u4e94\u4e07\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u767e\u4e07\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9ebb\u7701\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d \u5168\u9762\u83b7\u80dc\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u515a\u8d77\u5f97\u5feb\uff0c\u843d\u5f97\u4e5f\u5feb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5012\u5e95\u662f\u4ee5\u6392\u5916\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5e9f\u5974\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u5bf9\u5e9f\u5974\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u515a\u6d3e\u6240\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u548c\u89e3 \u51b3\u7684\u5934\u7b49\u5927\u4e8b\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u50cf Whig \u515a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u74e6\u89e3\u3002
\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u515a\u4ee5\u6c11\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5bf9\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u8fdb\u884c\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u9636 \u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u4eba\u6c11\u6765\u81ea\u4e3b\u89e3\u51b3\u84c4\u5974\u5e9f\u5974\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u53c2\u8bae\u5458 Stephen Douglas\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4f4d\u548c\u6797\u80af\u6709\u8fc7\u51e0\u6b21\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u8457\u540d\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6743\uff08popular sovereignty\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u65b0\u8fdb\u5dde\u4e3e\u884c\u5168\u6c11\u516c\u51b3\uff0c\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6210\u4e3a\u84c4\u5974\u5dde\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f 1854 \u5e74\u7684 Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7acb\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u515a\u6d3e\u8c03\u89e3\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u9053\u8def\u5f7b\u5e95\u7834\u4ea7\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u582a\u8428\u65af\u4e3e\u884c\u516c\u51b3\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u84c4\u5974\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ece\u56db\u65b9\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8d76\u6765\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u53ea\u6709 1500 \u540d\u6ce8\u518c\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u582a\u8428\u65af\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7 6000 \u5f20\u6295\u7968\u3002\u5728\u5176\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u582a\u8428\u65af\u548c\u5468\u906d\u5730\u754c\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u843d\u4e0b\u4e86\u201c\u6d41\u8840\u7684\u582a\u8428\u65af\uff08Bleeding Kansas\uff09\u201d\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u3002
\u6d41\u8840\u7684\u582a\u8428\u65af\u8ba9\u4eba\u6c11\u81ea\u51b3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u521a\u521a\u5192\u5934\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u800c\u897f\u90e8\u8fd8\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u663e\u7136\u8981\u9762\u5bf9 \u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u800c 1856 \u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u8bae\u5458 Preston Brooks \u4e3a\u6b64\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u5c71\u4e0a\u6756\u51fb\u4e86\u4e86\u9ebb\u7701\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u5e9f\u5974\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005 Charles Sumner\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c97\u66b4\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e3a\u5357\u5317\u53cc\u65b9\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u56fd\u4f1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u80fd\u3002
\u96ea \u4e0a\u52a0\u971c\u7684\u662f\u6b21\u5e74\u7684 Dred Scott vs Standford \u6848\u3002\u9ed1\u5974 Dred Scott \u5728 1846 \u5e74\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u4ed6\u66fe\u968f\u4e3b\u4eba\u524d\u5f80\u81ea\u7531\u5dde\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5dde\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u81ea\u52a8\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u4e5f\u975e Scott \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e9f\u9664\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5c31\u6709\u6b64\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5357\u65b9\u5974\u96b6\u4e3b\u4ece\u6b64\u4e0d\u6562\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u5e26\u5f80\u82f1\u56fd\u4e86\u3002Scott \u7684\u5b98\u53f8\u4e00\u76f4\u6253\u5230\u9ad8\u9662\u3002\u9ad8\u9662\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98 Roger B. Taney \u6765\u81ea\u84c4\u5974\u5dde\u9a6c\u91cc\u5170\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\u7684\u9ad8\u9662\u8ba4\u5b9a Scott \u8fd8\u662f\u5974\u96b6\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f Scott \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u5974\u96b6\uff0c\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u5229\u53d1\u8d77\u6b64\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u8dd1\u5230\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d22\u4ea7\u5c31\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u5462\uff1fTaney \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5149\u8f89\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ece\u6b64\u4e00\u4e86\u767e\u4e86\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6210\u4e3a\u9ad8\u9662\u53f2\u4e0a\u6570\u4e00\u6570\u4e8c\u7684\u8352\u8bde\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0b\u5b50\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c11\u95f4\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u662f\u767d\u8d39\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u66f4 \u52a0\u7a81\u663e\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u9ad8\u9662\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u5c01\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002
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当时北方走的是工业化的路子，尤其是墨西哥战争后，军事工业和重工业有了很大的发展、但当时美国产品的质量和价格都没法和欧洲货比
换而言之，无法获得海外市场，那么国内市场就成了势在必得的一块
南方走的是种植园经济，主要生产棉花、烟草，生产出来以后直接输出到欧洲，然后购买欧洲的工业品
这种情况下，根本不需要北方工业品
对于北方佬而言，南方的原料无法供应北方，而且南方又采购欧洲而不是北方的工业品，这对北方经济而言是无法容忍的
在这种情况下，政治出现了冲突，战争是政治的延续，所以最后就爆发了战争
生产力与生产关系产生矛盾
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