如何用爬虫爬取知乎专栏信息 如何利用python 爬取知乎上面的数据
\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u722c\u866b\u722c\u53d6\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e13\u680f\u4fe1\u606fURI: http://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/api/columns/jixin GET/HTTP 1.1
\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0a\u9762\u7684URI\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5730\u5740\u680f\u91cc\u76f4\u63a5\u7c98\u8d34\u4e5f\u884c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8fd4\u56deJSON\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e13\u680f\u5173\u6ce8\u6570\u3002
\u4e0d\u7ba1AngularJS\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u518d\u5929\u82b1\u4e71\u5760\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7ec8\u7a76\u9003\u4e0d\u8131HTTP\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd8\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002
\u987a\u4fbf\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u722c\u77e5\u4e4e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002
\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b98\u65b9API\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7684\u201c\u4e2a\u6027\u7f51\u5740\u201d\uff08\u597d\u522b\u626d\uff0c\u4e0b\u79f0UID\uff09\u4e86\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u9ec4\u7ee7\u65b0\u8001\u5e08\u7684UID: jixin\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7528\u6237\u672c\u4eba\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u5b9a\u552f\u4e00\u3002
\u4ee5{{%UID}}\u4ee3\u66ff\u76f8\u5e94\u7684UID\u3002
1. \u83b7\u5f97\u7528\u6237\u4e13\u680f\u5165\u53e3\uff1a
URI: http://www.zhihu.com/people/{{%UID}}/posts GET/HTTP 1.1
XPATH: //div[@id='zh-profile-list-container']
\u89e3\u6790\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e13\u680f\u5165\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u3002
2. \u83b7\u5f97\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a
URI: http://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/api/columns/{{%UID}}/posts?limit={{%LIMIT}}&offset={{%OFFSET}} GET/HTTP 1.1
{{%LIMIT}}: \u8868\u793a\u8be5\u6b21GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u9879\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\u4fe1\u606f\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u503c\u4e3a\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6bd4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u5927\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a10\u3002
{{%OFFSET}}: \u8868\u793a\u8be5\u6b21GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u9879\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u504f\u79fb\u3002
\u89e3\u6790\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6bcf\u7bc7\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6807\u9898\u3001\u9898\u56fe\u3001\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\u6458\u8981\u3001\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8d5e\u540c\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd4\u56deJSON\u6570\u636e\u3002
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u89e3\u6790\u8be5\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u8be5\u7bc7\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
3. \u83b7\u5f97\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a
URI: http://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/api/columns/{{%UID}}/posts/{{%SLUG}} GET/HTTP 1.1
{{%SLUG}}: \u5373\u4e3a2\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u94fe\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a8\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u3002
\u89e3\u6790\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8be5\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd4\u56deJSON\u6570\u636e\u3002
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u8be5\u8db3\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u9898\u4e3b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u5584\u7528Chrome\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6b64\u4e43\u795e\u5668\uff01
* * * * * * * * * *
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u96f6\u6563\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u77e5\u4e4e\u722c\u866b\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u5c0a\u91cdROBOTS\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7http://www.zhihu.com/robots.txt\u67e5\u770b\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\u3002
UID\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u3002
\u867d\u7136\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u95f4\u9694\u9650\u5236\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u6708\u4e0d\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u540d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97UID\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4ee4\u5148\u524d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5931\u6548\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a81\u7834\u7684\uff1a\u7528\u6237hash\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2ahash\u503c\u4e3a32\u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e14\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002
\u901a\u8fc7UID\u83b7\u5f97hash\uff1a
URI: http://www.zhihu.com/people/%{{UID}} GET/HTTP 1.1
XPATH: //body/div[@class='zg-wrap zu-main']//div[@class='zm-profile-header-op-btns clearfix']/button/@data-id
\u89e3\u6790\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97UID\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684hash\u503c\u3002\uff08\u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u5173\u6ce8/\u53d6\u6d88\u5173\u6ce8\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6309\u94ae\u91cc\u7684\u3002\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u53ef\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u7528\u6237\u3002
\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7hash_id\u83b7\u5f97UID\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u95f4\u63a5\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u6ce8\u5217\u8868\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5426\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5173\u6ce8/\u53d6\u6d88\u5173\u6ce8\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff1a
\u5173\u6ce8\u64cd\u4f5c
URI: http://www.zhihu.com/node/MemberFollowBaseV2 POST/HTTP 1.1
Form Data
method: follow_member
params: {"hash_id": "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"}
_xsrf:
\u53d6\u6d88\u5173\u6ce8\u64cd\u4f5c
URI: http://www.zhihu.com/node/MemberFollowBaseV2 POST/HTTP 1.1
Form Data
method: unfollow_member
params: {"hash_id": "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"}
_xsrf:
\u77e5\u4e4e\u722c\u866b\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4efdUID\u5217\u8868\u624d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4efd\u5217\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u9009\u5b9a\u82e5\u5e72\u5927V\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6279\u91cf\u722c\u53d6\u5176\u88ab\u5173\u6ce8\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f20\u516c\u5b50\u76ee\u524d\u88ab\u5173\u6ce8\u6570\u8fbe\u523058W+\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\uff1a
URI: http://www.zhihu.com/node/ProfileFollowersListV2 POST/HTTP 1.1
Form Data
method: next
params: {"offset": {{%OFFSET}}, "order_by": "hash_id", "hash_id": "{{%HASHID}}"}
_xsrf:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author: Administrator
# @Date: 2015-10-31 15:45:27
# @Last Modified by: Administrator
# @Last Modified time: 2015-11-23 16:57:31
import requests
import sys
import json
import re
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
#\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
def find(pattern,test):
finder = re.search(pattern, test)
start = finder.start()
end = finder.end()
return test[start:end-1]
cookies = {
'_ga':'GA1.2.10sdfsdfsdf', '_za':'8d570b05-b0b1-4c96-a441-faddff34',
'q_c1':'23ddd234234',
'_xsrf':'234id':'"ZTE3NWY2ZTsdfsdfsdfWM2YzYxZmE=|1446435757|15fef3b84e044c122ee0fe8959e606827d333134"',
'z_c0':'"QUFBQXhWNGZsdfsdRvWGxaeVRDMDRRVDJmSzJFN1JLVUJUT1VYaEtZYS13PT0=|14464e234767|57db366f67cc107a05f1dc8237af24b865573cbe5"',
'__utmt':'1', '__utma':'51854390.109883802f8.1417518721.1447917637.144c7922009.4',
'__utmb':'518542340.4.10.1447922009', '__utmc':'51123390', '__utmz':'5185435454sdf06.1.1.utmcsr=zhihu.com|utmcgcn=(referral)|utmcmd=referral|utmcct=/',
'__utmv':'51854340.1d200-1|2=registration_date=2028=1^3=entry_date=201330318=1'}
headers = {'user-agent':
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.111 Safari/537.36',
'referer':'http://www.zhihu.com/question/following',
'host':'www.zhihu.com','Origin':'http://www.zhihu.com',
'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
'Connection':'keep-alive','X-Requested-With':'XMLHttpRequest','Content-Length':'81',
'Accept-Encoding':'gzip,deflate','Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8','Connection':'keep-alive'
}
#\u591a\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e00\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u52a0\u8f7d20\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u8f93\u5c31\u662foffset\uff0c\u4ee520\u9012\u589e
dicc = {"offset":60}
n=20
b=0
# \u4e0e\u722c\u53d6\u56fe\u7247\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f80\u4e0b\u62c9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001http\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd4\u56dejson\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u50cf\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u9996\u9875\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\u9664\u4e86
# \u53d1\u9001form\u8868\u5355\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u540e\uff0c\u77e5\u4e4e\u662f\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86\uff0c\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662fheaders\u4e0a\u7684\u62e6\u622a\uff0c\u5f80headers\u6dfb\u52a0\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668
# \u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u7684headers\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0a\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd8\u662f\u62d2\u7edd\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002
#\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662fcookie\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u9996\u9875\u4e0d\u540c
#\u6240\u4ee5\u8865\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684cookies\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\u3002
for x in xrange(20,460,20):
n = n+20
b = b+20
dicc['offset'] = x
formdata = {'method':'next','params':'{"offset":20}','_xsrf':'20770d88051f0f45e941570645f5e2e6'}
#\u4f20\u8f93\u9700\u8981json\u4e32\uff0c\u548cpython\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u6709\u533a\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u6362
formdata['params'] = json.dumps(dicc)
# print json.dumps(dicc)
# print dicc
circle = requests.post("http://www.zhihu.com/node/ProfileFollowedQuestionsV2",
cookies=cookies,data=formdata,headers=headers)
#response\u5185\u5bb9 \u5176\u5b9e\u722c\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u5f02\u4e86\u3002 \u90fd\u662f
#\u95ee\u9898\u8fd4\u56de\u7684json\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f
# {"r":0,
# "msg": ["\n
# \n205K\n
# \u6d4f\u89c8\n
# \n\n
# \n
#
# \u4ec0\u4e48\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4f60\u8d70\u4e0a\u72ec\u7acb\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e4b\u8def\uff1f\n
# \n\n<a data-follow=\"q:link\" class=\"follow-link zg-unfollow meta-item\"
# href=\"javascript:;\" id=\"sfb-868760\">
# \u53d6\u6d88\u5173\u6ce8\n•\n63 \u4e2a\u56de\u7b54\n•\n3589 \u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\n\n\n",
# "\n
# \n
# 157K\n
# \u6d4f\u89c8\n
# \n\n
# \n
#
# \u672c\u79d1\u6e23\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u5e1d\u725b\u6821\u8bfbPhD\uff1f\n
# \n\n
#
# \u53d6\u6d88\u5173\u6ce8\n•
# \n112 \u4e2a\u56de\u7b54\n•\n1582 \u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\n
# \n\n"]}
# print circle.content
#\u540c\u6837json\u4e32\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1 \u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5b57\u5178\u540e\u4f7f\u7528
jsondict = json.loads(circle.text)
msgstr = jsondict['msg']
# print len(msgstr)
#\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u89c4\u5219\u5199\u51fa\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f
pattern = 'question\/.*?/a>'
try:
for y in xrange(0,20):
wholequestion = find(pattern, msgstr[y])
pattern2 = '>.*?<'
finalquestion = find(pattern2, wholequestion).replace('>','')
print str(b+y)+" "+finalquestion
#\u5f53\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u540e\u518d\u4f20\u53c2\u6570 \u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38 \u6b64\u65f6\u9000\u51fa\u5faa\u73af
except Exception, e:
print "\u5168\u90e8%s\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898" %(b+y)
break
我是一直用过很多的采集软件，最后选择的前嗅的软件，ForeSpider这款软件是可视化的操作。简单配置几步就可以采集。如果网站比较复杂，这个软件自带爬虫脚本语言，通过写几行脚本，就可以采集所有的公开数据。
软件还自带免费的数据库，数据采集直接存入数据库，也可以导出成excel文件。
如果自己不想配置，前嗅可以配置采集模板，我的模板就是从前嗅购买的。
另外他们公司不光是软件好用，还有自己的数据分析系统，直接采集完数据后入库，ForeSpider内部集成了数据挖掘的功能，可以快速进行聚类分类、统计分析等，采集结果入库后就可以形成分析报表。
最主要的是他采集速度非常快，我之前用八爪鱼的软件，开服务器采，用了一个月采了100万条，后来我用ForeSpider。笔记本采的，一天就好几百万条。
这些都是我一直用前嗅的经验心得，你不妨试试。
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