跪求图兰朵(turandot)的英文剧本 Turandot(图兰朵)在意大利语中有什么特别的含义么？
\u56fe\u5170\u6735\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1Turandot \u56fe\u5170\u6735
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一共四幕 分节回答- the first act --
Narrator: Beijing people, holy graph princess will marry the royal lineage with prince, he must guess princess the three riddles, and if all the questions, the princess will marry him, if guess Boston, head landing. Prince of Persia for guessing fails, tonight the moon came out in executed. (prince of Persia be executioner stake, with maid.) graph
Graph:
Colourful, if if morogor with frost. Ask an infortune childe enterprise Ming huang view picture liquor-saturated, Amy if crazy. Single woman iron hearted, three puzzle bridegroom, a butcher's knife examination vulgar shem! (turned to prince of Persia) your head will hang up my GongQiang, last recall team in the desert, your god will ring with you to his place.
Narrator: the moon yet to come, she'll have to wait and go to sleep, he dared graph stars in the sky accept praise (jasmine tune sounded)
Graph: the princess to back to his palace and rest. You good prayers, clouds will cover the moon the unanimous. Unless you can let the moon lost her memory, or the Persian prince - you perish.
Prince of Persia: the garden, the mighty Babylon the horizon of the desert oases spring, let me say goodbye to you again, god, don't let my blood fuzzy his eye, also don't let the tears blank I heard my mother's face
Narrator: princess, please put the graph, the prince of god and we are not willing to believe that our princess so cold.
Graph: what? Put him in the JieBang, he didn't see? Every to marry the princess of graph, the three questions to right the princess, otherwise the butcher's knife is his final resting place. The princess royal expensive is the chicken, Ann can eat them. The moon came out, such as his head necessary landing!
Graph: I have long in deep palace graph, the most hated man muddy thing. (turn toward tower.) As beautiful as I should marry, GaoLiang in toff? (tower.) Now set problem, ready to see who butcher knife, deterrent to propose, dare to bite off more than you can chew. (kiss xiu, table)
Hostess: : QiBing princess! (from one before, to princess stood smartly.) Rev. Justice Lord, existing JieBang proposing marriage, a temple of admirers HouZhi outside.
Graph: I have not afraid dead people. His first mission in.
Hostess: : is! (step to seat.) Xuan desert strangers on the temple! (retreat to the princess side.)
Maid: (despise looked it.) Childe, with me in. (desert strangers into.)
Desert strangers: see the princess. Payable to steal depending on the graph)
Maid: (drink) bow!
Graph: where are you from?
Desert strangers: silk road!
Graph: you dare to lift the Stonehenge?
Desert strangers: easy. (hands hold up Stonehenge, lap, three laugh.)
Graph: hum, I'm afraid limbs developed, simple-minded.
Desert strangers: silk road spirit, everyone is as a wise and courageous man.
Graph: you dare and princess I onlooker?
Desert strangers: happy to come the end, please prudently!
Graph: you hear certain, I sat on the throne, see you use any way, can let me go on.
Strangers: the desert...
Maid: do you understand, as you all KengMeng abducted, play trick, so long as can cheat him down, calculate you scored the second difficult problem.
Desert strangers: this problem is too difficult, let me think.
Graph: no delay, I give you a column sweet time, time arrives, you also can not transfer me down, hum, you will die in this second problem under!
Desert strangers (thinking for a moment) : oh, the princess, please you first, change the position, then to intellectual combat.
Maid: why want to change position?
Desert strangers: since the ancient times, the male for dry, female for dry in the gentlemancarries the next kun. Please change the position, to princess first catches on, then start onlooker is, I'll take you soar.
Graph: of the rational, first change said orientation.
Desert strangers: (satisfiedly) ha ha, I give her cheat (see graph.) still, no surprise
Graph: you play is the warring states sun bin fraud guiguzi count, princess wars, I knew how gonna take your bait?
Maid: hour has come, tie! (inward beckoned.) (two guards tied desert.) strangers
Desert strangers (struggle) : gosh, woman heartless!
Graph: (cold ao) blame only blame you like KuaHaiKou.
这是翻译
--第一幕--
旁白：北京的百姓，圣洁的图兰朵公主将嫁给具有王室血统的王子，他必须猜出公主所出的三个谜题，若全部答对，公主将嫁给他，若猜不中，人头落地。波斯王子因猜谜不成，将在今晚月亮出来时被处决。(波斯王子被刽子手押上，图兰朵与侍女上。)
图兰朵：
艳若桃李，凛若冰霜。王孙公子凤求凰观画如醉，爱美若狂。独身女子铁心肠，三道难题考驸马，一把屠刀闪寒光！（转身向波斯王子）你的头颅即将挂上我的宫墙，最后一次回忆一下沙漠中驼铃响，你们的真主即将带着你去他的地方。
旁白：月亮还没有出来，她要等着图兰朵睡去，才敢在天空中接受星星的赞美（茉莉花的曲调响起）
图兰朵：本公主要回宫歇息了。你就好好祈祷，云层将月亮遮盖的严严实实。除非你能让月亮失去记忆，否则波斯的王子——你难逃一死。
波斯王子：巴比伦的花园，无垠沙漠的地平线，绿洲的清泉，让我再跟你们说声再见，真主，别让我的血模糊了自己的眼，也别让泪水失色了我母亲的容颜
旁白：图兰朵公主，请放了这位王子，神和我们都不愿相信，我们的公主如此冷酷。
图兰朵：什么？放了他，他在揭榜的时候没看见吗？凡向图兰朵公主求婚之人，必要答对公主的三个问题，否则屠刀便是他最后的归宿。本公主贵为皇室之凤，安能食言。等月亮出来，他的头颅必要落地！
图兰朵：我图兰朵自幼长在深宫，最厌须眉浊物。（转身，走向高台。）美丽如我，岂可嫁于纨绔膏粱？（上高台。）如今设下难题，备好屠刀，杀一儆百，看谁自不量力，敢来求婚！（拂袖，入座）
女侍：启禀公主！（从一幕上，至公主前站定行礼。）启秉公主，现有一追求者揭榜求婚，殿外侯旨。
图兰朵：真有不怕死之人。先把他宣进来。
女侍：是！（行至台前。）宣沙漠怪客上殿啦！（退至公主身旁。）
侍女：（不屑地打量一下。）公子，随我进来。（沙漠怪客入。）
沙漠怪客：参见公主。（抬头偷视图兰朵）
侍女：（喝）低头！
图兰朵：你从哪来？
沙漠怪客：丝绸路上来！
图兰朵：你敢举起这块巨石吗？
沙漠怪客：轻而易举。（双手托起巨石，绕场一周，三声狂笑。）
图兰朵：哼，恐怕是四肢发达，头脑简单。
沙漠怪客：丝绸路上人杰地灵，人人都是智勇双全。
图兰朵：你敢和公主我斗智吗？
沙漠怪客：奉陪到底，请出题！
图兰朵：你听准了，我坐在这宝座之上，看你用什么办法，能让我走下去。
沙漠怪客：这……
侍女：你听明白了，随你坑蒙拐骗，耍尽花招，只要能骗他下来，就算你攻破第二道难题。
沙漠怪客：这道题太难了，让我想一想。
图兰朵：不准拖延，我给你一柱香的时间，时间一到，你还不能调我下来，哼哼，你就死在这第二道难题之下吧！
沙漠怪客（思索片刻）：哎呀，公主，请您先换方位，然后再来斗智。
侍女：为什么要换方位？
沙漠怪客：自古以来，男为乾，女为坤，乾在上，坤在下。请公主先换方位，以正乾坤，然后开始斗智，我再引您扶摇直上。
图兰朵：说的有理，先换方位。
沙漠怪客：（得意地）哈哈，我把她骗（见图兰朵未动，惊。）
图兰朵：你耍的是战国孙膑诈骗鬼谷之计，公主我熟读兵书，怎会上你的当？
侍女：时辰已到，绑了！（向内示意。）（二卫士绑沙漠怪客下。）
沙漠怪客（挣扎）：天哪，女人无情啊！
图兰朵：（冷傲地）怪只怪你们喜欢夸海口
LZ, 所有的歌剧都是用意大利文来表演的， 是没有用英文来演出的， 要找也只有英文版的简介这出歌剧是从来都没有英文剧本的！附上英文版的简介！
Act I
In front of the imperial palace.
A Mandarin announces the law of the land ( Popolo di Pekino! - "Any man who desires to wed Turandot must first answer her three riddles. If he fails, he will be beheaded" ). The Prince of Persia has failed and is to be beheaded at moonrise. As the crowd surges towards the gates of the palace, the imperial guards brutally repulse them, a blind old man is pushed to the ground. His slave-girl, Liù, cries for help. A young man hears her cry and recognizes the old man as his long-lost father, Timur, the deposed king of Tartary. The young Prince of Tartary is overjoyed seeing his father alive but urges him not to speak his name because he fears the Chinese rulers who have conquered Tartary. Timur tells his son that of all his servants, only Liù has remained faithful to him. When the Prince asks her why, she tells him that once, long ago in the palace, he smiled upon her (The crowd, Liù, Prince of Tartary, Timur: Indietro, cani! ).
The moon rises, and the crowd's cries for blood turn into silence. The doomed Prince of Persia is led before the crowd on his way to execution. The young Prince is so handsome that the crowd, the Prince of Tartary too is moved to compassion and calls Turandot to spare his life (The crowd, Prince of Tartary : O giovinetto! ). She appears, and with a single imperious gesture orders the execution to continue. The Prince of Tartary, who has never seen Turandot before, falls immediately in love. As he cries out her name with joy, the crowd screams in horror: The Prince of Persia has been beheaded.
The Prince of Tartary is dazzled by Turandot's beauty. He is about to rush towards the gong and strike it three times; the symbolic gesture of whoever wishes to marry Turandot when the ministers Ping, Pong, and Pang appear and urge him cynically ( Fermo, che fai? ) not to lose his head for Turandot but to go back to his own country.
Timur urges his son to desist, and Liù, who is secretly in love with the Prince, pleads with him in her acclaimed ( Signore, ascolta! ) not to attempt the riddles. Liu's words touch his heart. The Prince tells Liu to make exile more bearable and never to abandon his father if the Prince fails to answer the riddles ( Non piangere, Liù - "Don't cry, Liù" ) . The three ministers, Timur and Liù try one last time to hold the Prince ( Ah! Per l'ultima volta! ) but he refuses to listen.
He utters Turandot's name three times and rushes to the gong that hangs in front of the palace. He strikes the gong three times declaring himself a suitor. From the palace balcony, Turandot accepts the challenge.
[edit] Act II
[edit] Scene 1
A pavilion in the imperial palace. Before sunrise.
Ping, grand chancellor (Baritone), Pang, grand purveyor (Tenor), and Pong, grand cook (Tenor) from Act 2 Scene 1. This is from the 2002 coproduction of the Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg and the Festspielhaus Baden-Baden.Ping, Pang, and Pong lament their place as ministers, poring over palace documents and presiding over endless rituals. They prepare themselves for either a wedding or a funeral (Ping, Pang, Pong: Ola, Pang! ) . Ping suddenly longs for his country house in Honan, with its small lake surrounded by bamboo. Pong remembers his grove of forests near Tsiang, and Pang recalls his gardens near Kiu. The three share fond memories of life away from the palace (Ping, Pang, Pong: Ho una casa nell'Honan ) but are shaken back to the realities of Turandot's bloody reign. They continually accompany young men to death and recall their ghastly fate.
As the palace trumpet sounds, the ministers ready themselves for another spectacle as they await the entrance of the Emperor.
[edit] Scene 2
The courtyard of the palace. Sunrise.
Screenshot from the same production, Act 2 Scene 2.The Emperor Altoum, father of Turandot, sits on his grand throne in his palace. He urges the Prince to withdraw his challenge but the Prince refuses (Altoum, the Prince: Un giuramento atroce ). Turandot enters and explains ( In questa reggia ) that her ancestor of millennia past, Princess Lo-u-Ling, was ravished and murdered by a foreigner, and now out of revenge she has sworn to never let any man possess her. She warns the Prince to withdraw, but again he refuses.
The Princess presents her first riddle ( Straniero, ascolta! ) "What is born each night and dies each dawn?" The Prince correctly replies, "Hope."
The Princess, unnerved, presents her second riddle ( Guizza al pari di fiamma ) "What flickers red and warm like a flame, but is not fire?" The Prince thinks for a moment before replying, "Blood". Turandot is shaken. The crowd cheers the Prince, provoking Turandot's anger.
She presents her third riddle ( Gelo che ti da foco ) "What is like ice, but burns like fire?" As the prince thinks, Turandot taunts him. Suddenly he cries out victory and announces, "Turandot!"
The crowd cheers for the triumphant Prince. Turandot throws herself at her father's feet and pleads with him not to leave her to the Prince's mercy. The Emperor insists that an oath is sacred, and it is Turandot's duty to wed the Prince (Turandot, Altoum, the Prince: Figlio del cielo ). As she cries out in anger, the Prince stops her, saying that he has a proposal for her. "You do not know my name. Bring me my name before sunrise, and at sunrise, I will die" ( Tre enigmi m'hai proposto ). Turandot accepts. The Emperor declares that he hopes to call the Prince his son come sunrise.
[edit] Act III
[edit] Scene 1
The palace gardens. Night.
In the distance, heralds call out Turandot's command ( Cosi comanda Turandot - "This night, none shall sleep in Peking! The penalty for all will be death if the Prince's name is not discovered by morning" ). The Prince waits for dawn and anticipates his victory by singing "Nobody shall sleep!... Nobody shall sleep! Even you, O Princess" ( Nessun dorma ).
Ping, Pong, and Pang appear and offer the Prince women and riches if he will only give up Turandot ( Tu che guardi le stelle ), but he refuses. A group of soldiers then drag in Timur and Liù. They have been seen speaking to the Prince, so they must know his name. Turandot enters and orders Timur and Liù to speak. The Prince feigns ignorance, saying they know nothing. Liù declares that she alone knows the Prince's name, but she will not reveal it. Ping demands the Prince's name, and when she refuses, she is tortured. Turandot is clearly taken by Liù's resolve and asks her who put so much strength in her heart. Liù answers "Princess, Love!". Turandot demands that Ping tear the Prince's name from Liù, and he orders her to be tortured. Liù counters Turandot ( Tu che di gel sei cinta ), saying that she too shall learn love. Having spoken, Liù seizes a dagger from a soldier's belt and stabs herself. As she staggers towards the Prince and falls dead, the crowd screams for her to speak the Prince's name. Since Timur is blind, he must be told about Liù's death, and he cries out in anguish. Timur warns that the gods will be offended by this outrage, and the crowd is subdued with shame and fear. The grieving Timur and the crowd follow Liù's body as it is carried away. Everybody departs leaving the Prince and Turandot. He reproaches Turandot for her cruelty (The Prince, Turandot: Principessa di morte ) and then takes her in his arms and kisses her in spite of her resistance.
Here Puccini's work ends. The remainder of the music was completed by Franco Alfano.
The Prince tries to convince Turandot to love him. At first she is disgusted, but after he kisses her, she feels herself turning towards passion. She asks him to ask for nothing more but leave, taking his mystery with him. The Prince however, reveals his name, "Calàf, son of Timur" and places his life in Turandot's hand. She can now destroy him if she wants (Turandot, Calàf: Del primo pianto ).
[edit] Scene 2
The courtyard of the palace. Dawn.
Turandot and Calàf approach the Emperor's throne. She declares that she knows the Prince's name: "It is ... love!" ( Diecimila anni al nostro Imperatore! ).
The crowd cheers and acclaims the two lovers ( O sole! Vita! Eternita ).
歌剧是一种音乐、戏剧、舞蹈综合的艺术形式。早在十六世纪末，意大利的佛罗伦萨城有一些受文艺复兴思想影响的、进步的知识分子，其中有诗人里努契尼，歌唱家兼作曲家培里和卡契 尼等，他们尝试着综合音乐和戏剧的特点，模仿古代希腊悲剧，创造出一种崭新的艺术形式，这就是歌剧。欧洲最早的一部歌剧是培里根据里努契尼的剧本创作的《达芙妮》，可惜这部歌剧的乐曲已无留存。现存最早的歌剧是他们创作的《犹丽狄茜》。那时的歌剧已有一种近于朗颂式的乐调，简单的剧情中穿插一些歌曲和合唱。伴奏乐器只有一架羽管键琴、一台七弦竖琴和几把诗 琴。歌唱家卡契尼在当时还提出了要以宏亮而能致远的声音演唱 歌剧的“美声唱法”的美学和技术的要求。
如果说卡契尼等人的创造使歌剧已具雏型，那么，使歌剧这种艺术体裁趋于完善，并在欧洲艺术史上占有稳固地位的是意大利的蒙持威尔第(1567—1643)和A·斯卡拉蒂(1660-1725)。
蒙特威尔第进一步使歌剧音乐戏剧化。在他写的歌剧中已出现了歌唱性的宣叙调和咏叹调似的乐调。他创用了弦乐器振音和拨弦的奏法，使伴奏乐队的表现力更为丰富。早先，歌剧都是在 宫廷和贵族的厅堂里演出，自从1637年蒙持威尔第在威尼斯城建立了世界上第一座歌剧院以后，歌剧艺术也开始向广大市民打开了大门。
A·斯卡拉蒂则发展了歌剧音乐的抒情性。在他写的歌剧中 已有一种由快、慢、快三段式组成的序曲。同时，歌剧中的宣叙调(一种近于朗颂、用以陈述剧情的乐调)和咏叹调(一种旋律 性和抒情性很强的歌调)已有较严格的区别。在他的歌剧中宣叙调又可分为“白话宣叙调”(用键盘乐器伴奏)和“带伴奏的宣叙调”(乐器合奏伴奏)；咏叹调又有“性格咏叹调”、“抒情咏叹调”、“豪壮咏叹调”、“朗颂口语咏叹调”等种种不同类型。可以看到音乐在剧中的表情作用已大大加强。从A·斯卡拉蒂开始，意大利歌剧写法即已定型化，而这种歌剧就是通常所说 的正歌剧。
这一时期，除意大利的正歌剧外，法国、英国、德国渐次出现了具有民族特点的歌剧。法国歌剧中插入了传统的宫廷艺术——芭蕾舞。
当时最典型的风格是佛罗伦萨“小厅集”的戏剧性作品，这一集团的成员试图复兴和模仿古代古典的音乐思想和实践。他们的指导思想是歌词优于音乐，他们认为音乐的功能在于提高歌词的戏剧效果。这样，音乐变成了独唱风格：最初的宣叙调，后来的小抒情调，以及咏叹调。
1620年至1630年间，歌剧活动的中心从佛罗伦萨转到了罗马，在那儿形成了一些特点：大量采用合唱，舞蹈融进戏剧性场面中，短小的歌曲风格的序曲变成了一种为人接受的准则。后来，威尼斯也成了歌剧的活动中心，并于1637年在那儿开设了一座公开的歌剧院。于是，公众的兴趣开始对歌剧作品发生影响，结果一系列创新产生了。公众对曲调好听的歌曲的兴趣使得宣叙调和咏叹调有了明显的区别，这样，便产生了威尼斯乐派。歌剧作曲家中最早的一位杰出人物是蒙德·威尔第，他的两部著名歌剧是《奥菲欧》和《阿里安娜》。
最后一个歌剧中心在意大利那不勒斯兴起，它起始于十七世纪七十年代。那不勒斯歌剧的特点是从古典历史或神话中吸取养料。它统治了欧洲约一个世纪，主要由一系列宣叙调和咏叹调组成，以华丽精湛的歌唱为其特点。A·斯卡拉蒂是早期那不勒斯歌剧作曲家中最具影响的人物。
自1647年L·罗西的《奥菲欧》在巴黎上演后，意大利形式和法国的主要戏剧形式——舞剧，融合在一起了。故而在法国歌剧中，舞蹈具相当的重要性。
英国的情形同法国相似，因为英国也有一种流行的音乐——戏剧形式，称为假面剧，它逐渐和意大利歌剧融为一体。
那不靳斯的优秀歌剧作曲家也帮助巴罗克音乐的继承者确立了牧歌——康塔塔――一种用器乐伴奏的音乐部世俗音乐形式。G·卡里西米把这一形式定为有两首或更多的咏叹调组成的、在它们之前有宣叙调的短剧。由于圣乐和世俗音乐之间在风格上的明显区别，陈旧的康塔很快成为了专为教会服务的曲式。
神剧和受难曲是和歌剧一同发展起来的，它几乎和歌剧一样，由宣叙调、咏叹调、声乐合唱、器乐插曲和合唱组成
在A·斯卡拉蒂之后，正歌剧在欧洲风行起来，受到各国宫廷、贵族的欢迎。那时伴随着歌剧艺术的“美声唱法”也得到进一步的发展，涌现了许多卓越的歌唱家。他们拥有华丽的嗓音和高超的技巧，史称十七、八世纪为“美声唱法”的“黄金时代”。但是风糜一时的意大利正歌剧适应宫廷、贵族的艺术趣味，发展了一种崇尚浮华、不顾内容的艺术倾向；在演唱上不顾剧情任意加些花唱来炫耀技巧，在创作方面也流于程式化，使得意大利歌剧逐渐受到人民群众冷落。英国诗人该伊和音乐家佩普许创作了《乞丐歌剧》(一种以流行歌曲穿插其间的喜剧)对正歌剧极尽嘲讽，该剧演出后受到人民群众的热烈欢迎。正歌剧因而受到沉重打击，致使英国皇家歌剧院不得不关门停业。
与此时同，法国、意大利出现了一种新的歌剧体裁，这就是意大利喜歌剧。它取材于现实生活，形式生动、活泼，表演幽默、风趣，音乐旋律通俗、流畅，具有浓厚的民族特点和地方色彩。意大利喜歌剧的出现，为歌剧艺术带来了清新的气息。而欧洲其它各国，也先后出现过各种形式的喜歌剧。
作曲家格鲁克(1714—1787)看到正歌剧的种种弊端，因而提出了改革歌剧的主张。他认为，歌剧必须有深刻的内容，音乐与戏剧必须统一，表现应力求纯朴、自然。他改革的主张在他将近五十岁时创作的歌剧《奥菲欧与犹丽狄茜》中得到体现。他的改革对以后歌剧艺术的发展产生了深远的影响。
在莫扎特以前的作曲家往往从古代神话或基督教初期的传说中寻找创作题材。选用现实的题材，并以明朗、幽默的笔调生动地表现现实生活中的各种人物形象，莫扎特(1756—1791)是第一人。格鲁克在歌剧创作中强调：“首先是一个戏剧家，然后才是一个音乐家。”而莫扎特却认为，首先应该是一个音乐家，然后才是戏剧家。因此，莫扎特写的歌剧十分强调旋律的优美动人和充分运用乐队作为重要的表现手段。他写的《费加罗的婚礼》一剧的序曲，是第一个以独立的交响作品面貌出现的序曲，而剧中那些富有特色的咏叹调，则鲜明地表现了人物的个性和心理特征。
在十九世纪，新的歌剧体裁是大歌剧和轻歌剧。大歌剧多取材于历史故事，全剧由独唱、重唱、合唱、管弦乐以及热烈富丽的芭蕾舞组成，不采用说白。轻歌剧(亦称小歌剧)短小轻快，通常只有一幕。取材于日常生活，与喜歌剧相比偏重于讽刺、揭露。音乐多采用当代流行的音调，是一种很受欢迎的艺术形式。
十九世纪最为引人瞩目的是瓦格纳(1813—1883)的乐剧。 在创作方面瓦格纳非常重视戏剧的作用，他的乐剧全部由自已撰 写脚本、配备舞台装置及照明等，这是为了使诗、剧、音乐和美术融为一体，完美地表达出戏剧的主题思想。
瓦格纳继承了莫扎特和威柏的创作传统，但他又是富于独创精神的。在他的乐剧中采用了具有特征的一些手法，这首先表现在运用主导动机的写法，亦即采取短小、富有表现力的乐句象征剧中的人或某一事物(如《莱茵的黄金》中，代表莱茵河水的动机、菜茵水仙的动机等)，这些由管弦乐队奏出的主导动机贯穿全剧，交织在一起，描绘出剧情的发展。因而，在他的乐剧中，管 弦乐已不再处于伴奏地位，而成为与声乐平行的、整部歌剧的组成部分。
瓦格纳认为歌剧“要有一个交响乐章的统一性”，而不应当由零散的分曲组成，从乐剧《特里斯坦与伊索尔德》开始，他运用了连绵不断的、无休止的旋律，这种旋律实际上可以看作是宣叙调和咏叹调合而为一。在东队方面他大大加强了管弦乐队的编制，采用了浓重色彩的配器。因此，瓦格纳的乐剧规模宏大、场面壮丽，内容深刻，管弦乐队具有宏伟。辉煌的效果。可以认为，瓦格纳把歌剧创作推向了交响化的高峰。
此后，在欧洲艺术的舞台上又涌现出许许多多卓越的作曲家，如威尔第、普契尼等等，他们以自己的天才和勤奋，从各个不同的角度丰富和发展了歌剧艺术，创作了大量的剧目，构成歌剧艺术发展的灿烂长河。到了现代，歌剧的形式更是名目繁多、大小不一。
歌剧的形式从简到繁。现代歌剧一般由宣叙调、咏叹调贯穿始终。剧中往往要穿插重唱、合唱、舞曲。大的器乐段落则是序 曲——用以提示和概括剧情；幕间曲——在幕间演奏，起到烘托气氛的作用;终曲——带有总结全剧的意义。
歌剧发展到今天，已深受全世界歌唱爱好者的喜爱，因此也形成了最富代表性的十大歌剧：
1. 费加罗的婚礼 (Le Nozze di Figaro)四幕喜歌剧,据法国博马舍同名喜剧改编,莫扎特(Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)作曲,意大利洛伦佐.达.庞特作词,1786年5月1日首演于维也纳.
2. 魔笛 (Die Zauberfiote)两幕歌剧,莫扎特最后一部歌剧作品,德国埃马努埃尔.席坎内德尔作词,1791年9月30日首演于维也纳.全剧以德国民族歌剧"歌唱剧"(Singspied)形式谱写而成,由说白和带编号乐曲组成.
3. 赛维利亚的理发师 (Il Barbiere di Siviglia)二幕喜歌剧,据博马舍同名喜剧改编,罗西尼(Gioachino Antonio Rossini)作曲,切萨雷.斯特比尼作词,1816年2月20日首演于罗马阿金蒂纳剧院.
4. 弄臣 (Rigletto)三幕歌剧,据维克多.雨果剧本"逍遥王"改编,威尔第(Giuseppe Verdi)作曲,意大利弗兰切斯科.玛丽亚.皮亚维作词,1851年3月11日首演于威尼斯凤凰剧院.
5. 茶花女 (La Traviata)三幕歌剧,据小仲马同名剧本改编,威尔第作曲,皮亚维作词,1853年3月6日首演于威尼斯凤凰剧院.
6. 奥赛罗 (Osello)四幕歌剧,据莎士比亚同名戏剧改编,威尔第作曲,意大利阿里戈.博伊托作词,1872年2月首演于米兰.
7. 卡门 (Carmen)四幕歌剧,据普罗斯贝尔.梅里美同名小说改编,比才(Georges Bizet)作曲,法国亨利.梅拉克和吕多维克.阿列维作词,1875年3月3日首演于巴黎喜歌剧院.
8. 艺术家的生活 (La Boheme)亦称"波希米亚人","绣花女","落魄青年",四幕歌剧,据法国亨利.缪尔杰的小说"穷艺术家的生活情景"改编,由普契尼 (Giacomo Puccini)作曲,意大利朱赛佩.贾科萨,路易基.伊利卡作词,1896年2约1日由托斯卡尼尼指挥首演于意大利图林.
9. 托斯卡 (Tosca)三幕歌剧,据法国维多利安.萨尔杜剧本改编,普契尼作曲,伊利卡和贾科萨作词,1900年1月14日首演于罗马科斯坦齐剧院.
10.蝴蝶夫人 (Madama Butterfly)二幕歌剧,据美国约翰.郎的小说和大卫.贝拉斯科的话剧改编,普契尼作曲,伊利卡和贾科萨作词,1904年2月17日首演于米兰拉.斯卡拉剧院.
绛旓細姝屽墽銆婂浘鍏版湹銆嬬殑浣滆呮槸璋 銆Turandot(鍥惧叞鏈)銆嬫槸鎰忓ぇ鍒╄憲鍚嶄綔鏇插璐剧鑾锋櫘濂戝凹鏍规嵁绔ヨ瘽鍓ф敼缂栫殑涓夊箷姝屽墽,鏄櫘濂戝凹鏈浼熷ぇ鐨勪綔鍝佷箣涓,涔熸槸浠栦竴鐢熶腑鏈鍚庝竴閮ㄤ綔鍝併傘婂浘鍏版湹銆嬩负浜烘皯璁茶堪浜嗕竴涓タ鏂逛汉鎯宠薄涓殑涓浗浼犲鏁呬簨銆 鍥惧叞鏈电殑浣滆呮槸鍦ㄥ摢涓骞磋冭檻鍒涗綔鐨 杩欎釜闂娑夊強鍒般婂浘鍏版湹銆嬭繖閮ㄦ瓕鍓х殑鍒涗綔鑳屾櫙,鏈夊叧鐨勮瑙ｅ...
绛旓細Turandot鍥惧叞鏈鐨勬晠浜嬪瑙佷簬17涓栫邯娉㈡柉鏃犲悕姘忕殑涓滄柟鏁呬簨闆嗐婁竴鍗冮浂涓澶溿嬨婂浘鍏版湹銆嬶紝鎰忓ぇ鍒╁墽浣滃鍗＄綏路鍝ュ吂(Carlo Gozzi)浜1762骞存妸瀹冨啓鎴愬墽鏈備箣鍚庡痉鍥借瘲浜哄腑鍕掑湪姝屽吂鍓ф湰涓婄炕璇戝苟鍔犱互鏀圭紪鐨勫浘鍏版湹鏄叾鍚嶄綔銆傝鍓ф湰鏈钁楀悕鐨勬敼缂栫増鏈槸鐢辨櫘濂戝凹锛圙iacomo Puccini锛変簬1924骞翠綔鏇茬殑鍚屽悕姝屽墽銆傛櫘濂戝凹鍦ㄤ笘鏃舵湭鑳...
绛旓細涓枃鍚: 鍥惧叞鏈 鑻辨枃鍚: Turandot 鍙戣鏃堕棿: 1988骞 鍦板尯: 缇庡浗 璇█: 鎰忓ぇ鍒╄ 瀵兼紨: Kirk Browning Writers: Carlo Gozzi, Giuseppe Adami, Renato Simoni 璇█: 鎰忓ぇ鍒╄ 闀垮害: 134 minutes 婕斿憳锛欵va Marton ... Turandot Pl谩cido Domingo ... Calaf Leona Mitchell ... Li霉 Paul Plishka ....
绛旓細銆Turandot锛鍥惧叞鏈碉級銆嬫槸鎰忓ぇ鍒╄憲鍚嶄綔鏇插璐剧鑾锋櫘濂戝凹鏍规嵁绔ヨ瘽鍓ф敼缂栫殑涓夊箷姝屽墽锛屾槸鏅灏兼渶浼熷ぇ鐨勪綔鍝佷箣涓锛屼篃鏄粬涓鐢熶腑鏈鍚庝竴閮ㄤ綔鍝併傘婂浘鍏版湹銆嬩负浜烘皯璁茶堪浜嗕竴涓タ鏂逛汉鎯宠薄涓殑涓浗浼犲鏁呬簨銆 鍑哄満浜虹墿锛 鍥惧叞鏈碉紙涓浗鍏富锛屽コ楂橀煶锛 闃垮皵鍥惧锛堜腑鍥界殗甯濓紝鐢烽珮闊筹級 甯栨湪鍎匡紙娴佷骸鐨勯瀾闈煎浗鐜嬶紝鐢蜂綆闊筹級...
绛旓細鍐呮墡绫炽婁竷涓編濂炽嬬殑棰樻潗鍒欓夎嚜娉㈡柉璇椾汉鑿插皵澶氳タ(94鈥1020)鐨勩婂垪鐜嬬邯銆(980鈥1009)涓叧浜庘滆惃妗戝凹鐜嬫湞(226鈥651骞)鐨勫埆璧媺濮嗕簲涓(420鈥438骞)鐨勮杞藉拰鏈夊叧浠栫殑浼犺銆Turandot锛堝浘鍏版湹锛銆嬫槸鎰忓ぇ鍒╄憲鍚嶄綔鏇插璐剧鑾锋櫘濂戝凹鏍规嵁绔ヨ瘽鍓ф敼缂栫殑涓夊箷姝屽墽銆備负浜烘皯璁茶堪浜嗕竴涓タ鏂逛汉鎯宠薄涓殑涓浗浼犲鏁呬簨銆...
绛旓細銆Turandot锛堝浘鍏版湹锛銆嬫槸鎰忓ぇ鍒╄憲鍚嶄綔鏇插璐剧鑾锋櫘濂戝凹鏍规嵁绔ヨ瘽鍓ф敼缂栫殑涓夊箷姝屽墽锛屾槸鏅灏兼渶浼熷ぇ鐨勪綔鍝佷箣涓锛屼篃鏄粬涓鐢熶腑鏈鍚庝竴閮ㄤ綔鍝併傘婂浘鍏版湹銆嬩负浜烘皯璁茶堪浜嗕竴涓タ鏂逛汉鎯宠薄涓殑涓浗浼犲鏁呬簨銆
绛旓細鍚庢潵锛屾搮闀跨敤绔ヨ瘽棰樻潗鍒涗綔鍠滃墽鐨勬剰澶у埄鎴忓墽浣滃鍗℃礇路鎴堥綈锛圕arlo Gozzi锛1720-1806锛夋牴鎹繖涓璇濇晠浜嬪垱浣滀簡鎴忓墽銆鍥惧叞鏈銆锛圱urandot锛銆傚崱娲浡锋垐榻愮殑杩欓儴鎴忓墽琚痉鍥借瘲浜哄腑鍕掞紙瀵癸紝灏辨槸鍐欍婃涔愰銆嬬殑钁楀悕璇椾汉甯嫆锛夋敼缂栫炕璇戞垚浜嗗痉鏂囥傝淳绉戣帿路鏅灏艰櫧鐒朵篃鏄剰澶у埄浜猴紝浣嗘嵁璇翠粬鏈鍒濇槸鍥犱负璇讳簡甯嫆鏀圭紪鐨勩...
绛旓細甯曠摝缃楄拏銆傚師鍞辨槸甯曠摝缃楄拏銆傘婁粖澶滄棤鐪犮嬫槸鎰忓ぇ鍒╄憲鍚嶄綔鏇插璐剧鑾锋櫘濂戝凹鏍规嵁绔ヨ瘽鍓ф敼缂栫殑姝屽墽銆鍥惧叞鏈碉紙Turandot锛銆嬩腑鏈钁楀悕鐨勪竴娈靛拸鍙硅皟銆
绛旓細1銆佷綔鑰咃細銆Turandot锛堝浘鍏版湹锛銆嬬殑浣滆呮槸鎰忓ぇ鍒╄憲鍚嶄綔鏇插璐剧鑾锋櫘濂戝凹锛屽叾鏍规嵁绔ヨ瘽鍓ф敼缂栫殑涓夊箷姝屽墽锛屾槸鏅灏兼渶浼熷ぇ鐨勪綔鍝佷箣涓锛屼篃鏄粬涓鐢熶腑鏈鍚庝竴閮ㄤ綔鍝併2銆佹潵婧愶細銆奣urandot锛堝浘鍏版湹锛夈嬬殑鏉ユ簮鏄斺旀潨鍏伴搸鐨勪笁涓皽銆嬶紝鏄敱鐢辨尝鏂瘲浜哄唴鎵庣背鐨勫彊浜嬭瘲銆婁竷涓編濂炽(鍙堝悕銆婁竷搴у娈裤嬫垨銆婂埆璧媺濮...
绛旓細銆婂浘鍏版湹銆嬭杩颁簡涓浗鍏冩湞鏃剁殑 鍏富鍥惧叞鏈典笌闉戦澕鐜嬪瓙鍗℃媺澶殑鐖辨儏 鏁呬簨娴佷骸涓浗鐨勫崱鎷夊か鐜嬪瓙鐚滃嚭浜嗗叕涓诲浘鍏版湹鐨勮皽搴曪紝涓嶆枡鍏富瀵逛粬鍗 鏈夌潃涓鍒诲啺鍐风殑蹇冦傜帇瀛愪互鐢熷懡鍋氳祵娉紝缁堜簬鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑鐪熸儏鎰熷寲浜嗗叕涓汇傚厓鏈濇椂鐨勪竴涓叕涓鍥惧叞鏈碉紙钂欏彜璇剰鎬濅负鈥滄俯鏆栤漝ulaan锛変负浜嗘姤绁栧厛鏆楀琚幊璧颁箣浠囷紝涓嬩护濡傛灉鏈変釜鐢蜂汉鍙互...
