路由器一般根据数据帧的MAC地址转发数据对吗 采用SNMP协议可实现邮件发送对吗 IEEE 802.3协议属于广域网协 网络工程师面试题
\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u901a\u8fc7mac\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u901a\u8fc7ip\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4ea4\u3000\u3000.\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6839\u636e\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u4e2d\u7684\u6e90MAC\u5730\u5740\u5efa\u7acb\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u540c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165MAC\u5730\u5740\u8868\u4e2d\u3002
\u3000\u30002.\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u540c\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u7531\u54ea\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002
\u3000\u30003.\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u5728MAC\u5730\u5740\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u5411\u6240\u6709\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u6cdb\u6d2a\uff08flood\uff09\u3002
\u3000\u30004.\u5e7f\u64ad\u5e27\u548c\u7ec4\u64ad\u5e27\u5411\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd
\u3000\u3000\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e86\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e00\u7aef\u53e3\u76f8\u8fde\u8bbe\u5907\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5730\u5740\u540c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u8d77\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u8868\u4e2d\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8f6c\u53d1/\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5728MAC\u5730\u5740\u8868\u4e2d\u6709\u6620\u5c04\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u8fde\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u5982\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u4e3a\u5e7f\u64ad/\u7ec4\u64ad\u5e27\u5219\u8f6c\u53d1\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6d88\u9664\u56de\u8def\uff1a\u5f53\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u5197\u4f59\u56de\u8def\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u6210\u6811\u534f\u8bae\u907f\u514d\u56de\u8def\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5141\u8bb8\u5b58\u5728\u540e\u5907\u8def\u5f84\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7279\u6027
\u3000\u30001.\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u6bb5\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u57df\u3002
\u3000\u30002.\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0d\u9694\u7edd\u5e7f\u64ad\uff08\u60df\u4e00\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\u5728\u914d\u6709VLAN\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff09\u3002
\u3000\u30003.\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4f9d\u636e\u5e27\u5934\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bf4\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u6b64\u5904\u6240\u8ff0\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4ec5\u6307\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u56db\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5206\u7c7b
\u3000\u3000\u4f9d\u7167\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5904\u7406\u5e27\u65f6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u5b58\u50a8\u8f6c\u53d1\uff1a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5728\u8f6c\u53d1\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u6536\u6574\u4e2a\u5e27\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u6821\u68c0\uff0c\u5982\u65e0\u9519\u8bef\u518d\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e27\u53d1\u5f80\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5e27\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u65f6\u5ef6\u968f\u5e27\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u76f4\u901a\u5f0f\uff1a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u53ea\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u5230\u5e27\u5934\u4e2d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u8f6c\u53d1\u8be5\u5e27\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u5e27\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u88ab\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u6821\u9a8c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u5934\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u603b\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e27\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u65f6\u5ef6\u4e5f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u4e94\u3001\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e09\uff0c\u56db\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff1f
\u3000\u3000\u591a\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a
\u3000\u30001.
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u6865\u63a5\uff09\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u6865\u63a5\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u672b\u7aef\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u552f\u4e00MAC\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u589e\u52a0\u5404\u5b50\u7f51\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5176\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6865\u63a5\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\u548c\u9650\u5236\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8def\u7531\u5668\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u56db\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\uff1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8eMAC\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u6865\u63a5\uff09\u6216\u6e90/\u76ee\u7684\u5730IP\u5730\u5740\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u57fa\u4e8eTCP/UDP\u5e94\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u8f6c\u53d1\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5176\u4f7f\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u533a\u5206\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5212\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u7ec6\u5316\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u5e94\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\u3000\u30002.
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a \u57fa\u4e8eMAC\u5730\u5740
\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a \u5177\u6709VLAN\u529f\u80fd \u6709\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u8def\u7531 ///\u57fa\u4e8eIP\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u7edc
\u3000\u3000\u56db\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a \u57fa\u4e8e\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5e94\u7528
\u3000\u30003.
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f\u4ece\u7f51\u6865\u53d1\u5c55\u5230VLAN\uff08\u865a\u62df\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u6539\u9020\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728OSI\u4e03\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3002\u5b83\u6309\u7167\u6240\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6216\u8005\u9ad8\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8bf8\u5982TCP\u3001UDP\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u5373MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u662f\u9760\u786c\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u5feb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540cIP\u5b50\u7f51\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8de8\u8d8aIP\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u6bd4\u4e8c\u5c42\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u60f3\u5229\u7528\u4e8c\u5c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4e09\u5c42IP\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f\u5c31\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728OSI\u4e03\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff0c\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684IP\u5305\u7684\u5305\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5bf9\u540e\u7eed\u6570\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d41\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d41\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u62a5\u6587\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6253\u901a\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u901a\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u901a\u8def\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u6761\u901a\u8def\uff0c\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u6bcf\u6b21\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u62c6\u5305\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6362
\u3000\u30004.
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u6bd4\u8f83\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5c5e\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6839\u636eMAC\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9bMAC\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09 \u5f53\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5b83\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\u5305\u5934\u4e2d\u7684\u6e90MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b83\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u6e90MAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u673a\u5668\u662f\u8fde\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u7684\uff1b
\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09 \u518d\u53bb\u8bfb\u53d6\u5305\u5934\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5730\u5740\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff1b
\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09 \u5982\u8868\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0e\u8fd9\u76ee\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8fd9\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\uff1b
\u3000\u3000\uff084\uff09 \u5982\u8868\u4e2d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u5219\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u76ee\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5bf9\u6e90\u673a\u5668\u56de\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u76ee\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u6b21\u4f20\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7aef\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5168\u7f51\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\uff0c\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8868\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u77e5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u70b9\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09 \u7531\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5bf9\u591a\u6570\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u65f6\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5bbd\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u603b\u7ebf\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6709N\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u662fM\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u603b\u7ebf\u5e26\u5bbd\u8d85\u8fc7N\u00d7M\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u901f\u4ea4\u6362\uff1b
\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09 \u5b66\u4e60\u7aef\u53e3\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u5730\u5740\u8868\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u8868\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e3aBEFFER RAM\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3aMAC\u8868\u9879\u6570\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\u5f71\u54cd\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u63a5\u5165\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1b
\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09 \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684ASIC \uff08Application specific Integrated Circuit\uff09\u82af\u7247\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f6c\u53d1\u901f\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u5382\u5bb6\u91c7\u7528ASIC\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u6027\u80fd\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u70b9\u4e5f\u662f\u8bc4\u5224\u4e8c\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6280\u672f\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u8003\u8651\u8bbe\u5907\u9009\u578b\u65f6\u6ce8\u610f\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002
\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u8def\u7531\u6280\u672f
\u3000\u3000\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728OSI\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42---\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u5728\u4f20\u9012\u5305\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u6240\u6807\u793a\u7684\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8981\u53bb\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5e94\u8be5\u5411\u90a3\u91cc\u8d70\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u4ece\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5f80\u90a3\u91cc\u8d70\uff0c\u628a\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u4e0a\u8f6c\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u8d70\u5411\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6b64\u5305\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u7ed9\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8def\u7531\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u7531\u548c\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u5199\u5165\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7531\u8def\u7531\u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u673a\u5236\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u63a5\u53d7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f9d\u7167\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ee7\u7eed\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u800c\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u8005\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u516c\u5e03\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u76f8\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5168\u7f51\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u79f0\u4e3a\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u76f8\u5b66\u4e60\u638c\u63e1\u5168\u7f51\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u79f0\u4e3a\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u9700\u8981\u505a\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e00\u5224\u65ad\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4f4e\u7aef\u8def\u7531\u5668\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7aef\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5f80\u5f80\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f53\u7cfb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002
\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f
\u3000\u3000\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u4e09\u5c42\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u8033\u6735\u90fd\u80fd\u8d77\u8327\u5b50\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u5728\u558a\u4e09\u5c42\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u561b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u8def\u7531\u5668\u548c\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5806\u53e0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u7684\u73a9\u610f\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u679c\u771f\u5982\u6b64\u5417\uff1f\u4e0b\u9762\u5148\u6765\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u770b\u770b\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7ec4\u7f51\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355
\u3000\u3000\u4f7f\u7528IP\u7684\u8bbe\u5907A------------------------\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a------------------------\u4f7f\u7528IP\u7684\u8bbe\u5907B
\u3000\u3000\u6bd4\u5982A\u8981\u7ed9B\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5df2\u77e5\u76ee\u7684IP\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48A\u5c31\u7528\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u53d6\u5f97\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u76ee\u7684IP\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u6bb5\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u6240\u9700\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0cA\u5c31\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aARP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0cB\u8fd4\u56de\u5176MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0cA\u7528\u6b64MAC\u5c01\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u8d77\u7528\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u67e5\u627eMAC\u5730\u5740\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u663e\u793a\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48A\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u548cB\u7684\u901a\u8baf\uff0c\u5728\u6d41\u7f13\u5b58\u6761\u76ee\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94MAC\u5730\u5740\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5e38\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u7701\u7f51\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f3a\u7701\u7f51\u5173\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbe\u597d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u8def\u7531\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u5728MAC\u8868\u4e2d\u653e\u7684\u662f\u7f3a\u7701\u7f51\u5173\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u7531\u4e09\u5c42\u6a21\u5757\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6b64\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5230\u8fbeB\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5c06\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5e27\u5934\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7f3a\u7701\u7f51\u5173\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u6e90MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u89e6\u53d1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e3b\u673aA\u4e0eB\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u53ca\u8f6c\u53d1\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fdb\u6d41\u7f13\u5b58\u6761\u76ee\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u7684A\u5230B\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u7531\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u6a21\u5757\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u8def\u7531\u591a\u6b21\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u7531\u786c\u4ef6\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002
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\u3000\u3000\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4f7f\u8def\u7531\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7b80\u5316\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u4ea4\u7531\u8def\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53c8\u4e8c\u5c42\u6a21\u5757\u9ad8\u901f\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5927\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5904\u7406\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u4f18\u5316\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7167\u642c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u7ed3\u8bba
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u591a\u8a00\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5305\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u4ea4\u6362\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u591a\u4e2a\u63a5\u5165\u7aef\u53e3\u548c\u4f4e\u8c26\u4ef7\u683c\u4e3a\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e09\u5c42\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u95f4\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u8d1f\u8377\u5206\u62c5\uff0c\u94fe\u8def\u5907\u4efd\u53ca\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u7b49\u7b49\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6240\u5177\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u52a0\u5feb\u5927\u578b\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u8def\u7531\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u6309\u7167\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u5730\u57df\u7b49\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5212\u5206\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7f51\u9645\u4e92\u8bbf\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u9645\u4e92\u8bbf\uff1b\u5982\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u63a5\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u9650\u548c\u8def\u7531\u8f6c\u53d1\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\uff0c\u5c06\u9650\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5177\u6709\u8def\u7531\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u9009\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u7f51\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5feb\u901f\u8f6c\u53d1\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u5168\u90e8\u7531\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6765\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u8d1f\u62c5\u8fc7\u91cd\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c06\u7f51\u95f4\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4ea4\u7531\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u4e0d\u540c\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5931\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u597d\u7684\u7ec4\u7f51\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u8170\u5305\u5f88\u9f13\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5c31\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e5f\u517c\u4e3a\u7f51\u9645\u4e92\u8fde\u3002
\u3000\u30005.
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\u3000\u3000\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u4e2d\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f9b\u641c\u5bfb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4\u8bbe\u7acb\u865aIP\u5730\u5740\uff08VIP\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301\u67d0\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5728\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08DNS\uff09\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u662fVIP\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u67d0\u7528\u6237\u7533\u8bf7\u5e94\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4\u7684VIP\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2aTCP SYN\u5305\uff09\u53d1\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5728\u7ec4\u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u6700\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5c06\u7ec8\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684VIP\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f20\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u533a\u95f4\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5305\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u548c\u540c\u4e00\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u539f\u7406
\u3000\u3000OSI\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3002\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u7aef\u5bf9\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u534f\u8c03\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5728IP\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e2d\u8fd9\u662fTCP\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u548cUDP\uff08\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5305\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u6240\u5728\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u5c42\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u4e2d\uff0cTCP\u548cUDP\u6807\u9898\u5305\u542b\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff08portnumber\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u552f\u4e00\u533a\u5206\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5305\u542b\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u4f8b\u5982HTTP\u3001FTP\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u7aef\u70b9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u533a\u5206\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u6240\u6536\u5230\u7684IP\u5305\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u548c\u8bbe\u5907IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u63d2\u53e3\uff08socket\uff09\u201d\u3002
\u3000\u30001\u548c255\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u719f\u77e5\u201d\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673aTCP/I
\u3000\u3000P\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u201c\u719f\u77e5\u201d\u7aef\u53e3\u5916\uff0c\u6807\u51c6UNIX\u670d\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u5728256\u52301024\u7aef\u53e3\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u57281024\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u914d\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5206\u914d\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u6e05\u5355\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728RFc1700\u201cAssigned Numbers\u201d\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u3002TCP\uff0fUDP\u7aef
\u3000\u3000\u53e3\u53f7\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6240\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c4\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u201c\u719f\u77e5\u201d\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u5e94\u7528\u534f\u8bae\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 \u7aef\u53e3\u53f7
\u3000\u3000FTP\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 20\uff08\u6570\u636e\uff09
\u3000\u300021\uff08\u63a7\u5236\uff09
\u3000\u3000TELNET\u3000\u3000\u3000\u300023
\u3000\u3000SMTP\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 25
\u3000\u3000HTTP\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 80
\u3000\u3000NNTP\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 119
\u3000\u3000NNMP\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 16
\u3000\u3000162\uff08SNMP traps\uff09
\u3000\u3000TCP/UDP\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6240\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5177\u6709\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u8d77\u5230\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u201c\u865a\u62dfIP\u201d\uff08VIP\uff09\u524d\u7aef\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6bcf\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u652f\u6301\u5355\u4e00\u6216\u901a\u7528\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4\u90fd\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2aVIP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2aVIP\u5730\u5740\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u5e76\u5728\u57df\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ce8\u518c\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u5b9aTCP\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5c31\u5c06\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u771f\u6b63\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684VIP\u5730\u5740\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6bcf\u53f0\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76f8\u914d\u7684\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e90TCP \u7aef\u53e3\u76f8
\u3000\u3000\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8868\u3002\u7136\u540e\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5411\u8fd9\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6c\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6240\u6709\u540e\u7eed\u5305\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u91cd\u65b0\u5f71\u5c04\u548c\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u53d1\u73b0\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a5\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u7528\u6237\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u4f7f\u6bcf\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u6709\u76f8\u7b49\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u63a5\u5165\u6216\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u6765\u5206\u914d\u4f20\u8f93\u6d41\u3002
\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u9762\u8bd5\u9898 1: \u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684?
\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u4e2d\u7684\u6e90MAC\u5730\u5740\u751f\u6210\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u8868\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u7684\u76ee\u6807MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6839\u636eMAC\u5730\u5740\u8868\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5728\u8868\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u5411\u9664\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7aef\u53e3\u5e7f\u64ad\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u3002
2 \u7b80\u8ff0STP\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406.
\u4f5c\u7528:(1) \u80fd\u591f\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u963b\u65ad\u73af\u8def\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u62d3\u6251;
(2) \u80fd\u591f\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5f53\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7ebf\u8def\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u65ad\u5f00\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cSTP\u8fd8\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6fc0\u6d3b\u963b\u8d77\u5230\u65ad\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406: STP\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5f62\u7f51\u7edc\u751f\u6210\u65e0\u73af\u62d3\u6734\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a
\u9009\u62e9\u6839\u7f51\u6865\uff08Root Bridge\uff09
\u9009\u62e9\u6839\u7aef\u53e3\uff08Root Ports\uff09
\u9009\u62e9\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\uff08Designated Ports\uff09
\u751f\u6210\u6811\u673a\u7406
\u6bcf\u4e2aSTP\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u7f51\u6865
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u975e\u6839\u7f51\u6865\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u7aef\u53e3
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3
\u975e\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u88ab\u963b\u585e STP\u662f\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u91cd\u70b9,\u8003\u5bdf\u662f\u5426\u7406\u89e3.
3:\u7b80\u8ff0\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8eCEF\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u533a\u522b
\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf4:\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362:\u4e00\u6b21\u8def\u7531,\u591a\u6b21\u4ea4\u6362
\u57fa\u4e8eCEF\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362:\u65e0\u987b\u8def\u7531,\u4e00\u76f4\u4ea4\u6362.
4:DHCP\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48,\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2avlan\u4e2d\u7684DHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u914dIP\u5730\u5740?
\u4f5c\u7528:\u52a8\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae,\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914dIP\u5730\u5740.
\u914d\u7f6eDHCP\u4e2d\u7ee7,\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5730\u5740.(\u56e0\u4e3aDHCP\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684,vlan \u6216\u8def\u7531\u5668\u9694\u79bb\u4e86\u5e7f\u64ad)
5:\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0d\u4e86IP\u5730\u5740,\u4f46\u624b\u5de5\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\u8fd9\u53f0\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u540c\u4e00vlan\u95f4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u80fd\u591f\u76f8\u4e92ping\u901a,\u4f46ping\u4e0d\u901a\u5916\u7f51,\u8bf7\u8bf4\u51fa\u6392\u969c\u601d\u8def.
1:\u5982\u679c\u5176\u5b83\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u53d6IP\u5730\u5740,\u770b\u5e2e\u52a9\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5426\u914d\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e;
2:\u6b64\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8fde\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5c01\u88c5\u4e3aTrunk.
3:\u5355\u81c2\u8def\u7531\u5b9e\u73b0vlan\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u7684\u8bdd\u770b\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u914d\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e,\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5b9e\u73b0vlan\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u7684\u8bdd\u770b\u662f\u5426\u7ed9vlan\u914d\u7f6eip\u5730\u5740\u53ca\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e.
4:\u518d\u770b\u6b64\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u8ddf\u4e0a\u8fde\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ea7\u8fde\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u95ee\u9898;
\u6392\u969c\u601d\u8def.
6:\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\uff1f\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\uff1f\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u662f\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u624b\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u660e\u786e\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u5927\u3001\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5bf9\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002
\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u7279\u70b9
1\u3001\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8def\u7531\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff1b
2\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\uff1b
3\u3001\u662f\u5355\u5411\u7684\uff1b
4\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u7b80\u5355\u3002
\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f20\u9012\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u66f4\u65b0\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\uff1a\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982RIP\uff09\u548c\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982 OSPF\uff09\u3002\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u8def\u7531\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u6709\u8def\u7531\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4
1\u3001\u5411\u5176\u5b83\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f20\u9012\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b
2\u3001\u63a5\u6536\u5176\u5b83\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b
3\u3001\u6839\u636e\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u751f\u6210\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u8868\uff1b
4\u3001\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ca\u65f6\u7684\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u8def\u7531\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u8868\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u628a\u62d3\u6251\u53d8\u5316\u4ee5\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5411\u5176\u5b83\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5ba3\u544a\u3002
\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u3001\u62d3\u6251\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002
\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u7279\u70b9\uff1a
1\u3001\u65e0\u9700\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u624b\u5de5\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u51cf\u8f7b\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002
2\u3001\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002
3\u3001\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6734\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8c03\u6574\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee\uff1b
\u80fd\u5426\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u73af\u5883\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae
7:\u7b80\u8ff0\u6709\u7c7b\u4e0e\u65e0\u7c7b\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u533a\u522b
\u6709\u7c7b\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae:\u8def\u7531\u66f4\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u542b\u6709\u5b50\u7f51\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u534f\u8bae,\u5982RIPV1,IGRP
\u65e0\u7c7b\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae:\u8def\u7531\u66f4\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u5b50\u7f51\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u534f\u8bae,\u5982OSPF,RIPV2,IS-IS\uff0cEIGRP \u662f\u5426\u7406\u89e3\u6709\u7c7b\u4e0e\u65e0\u7c7b
8:\u7b80\u8ff0RIP\u7684\u9632\u73af\u673a\u5236
1.\u5b9a\u4e49\u6700\u5927\u8df3\u6570 Maximum Hop Count \uff0815\u8df3\uff09
2.\u6c34\u5e73\u5206\u5272 Split Horizon \uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86Frame-Relay\u7684\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u7528sh ip interface \u67e5\u770b\u5f00\u542f\u8fd8\u662f\u5173\u95ed\uff09
3.\u6bd2\u5316\u8def\u7531 Poizoned Route
4.\u6bd2\u6027\u53cd\u8f6c Poison Reverse \uff08RIP\u57fa\u4e8eUDP\uff0cUDP\u548cIP\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5bf9\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u6bd2\u5316\u8def\u7531\u6ca1\u6709\uff1b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6bd2\u5316\u8def\u7531\u7684Ack\u673a\u5236\uff09
5.\u4fdd\u6301\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668 hold-down Timer \uff08\u9632\u6b62\u8def\u7531\u8868\u9891\u7e41\u7ffb\u52a8\uff09
6.\u95ea\u5f0f\u66f4\u65b0 Flash Update
7.\u89e6\u53d1\u66f4\u65b0 Triggered Update \uff08\u9700\u624b\u5de5\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u4e14\u4e24\u8fb9\u90fd\u8981\u5f00 Router (config-if)# ip rip triggered \uff09
\u5f53\u542f\u7528\u89e6\u53d1\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\uff0cRIP\u4e0d\u518d\u9075\u5faa30s\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0e\u95ea\u5f0f\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u533a\u522b\u6240\u5728\u3002
RIP\u76844\u4e2a\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff1a
\u66f4\u65b0\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff08update\uff09\uff1a 30 s
\u65e0\u6548\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff08invalid\uff09\uff1a 180 s \uff08180s\u6ca1\u6536\u5230\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5219\u7f6e\u4e3apossible down\u72b6\u6001\uff09
\u4fdd\u6301\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff08holddown\uff09\uff1a 180s \uff08\u771f\u6b63\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u53ea\u670960s\uff09
\u5237\u65b0\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff08flush\uff09\uff1a 240s \uff08240s\u6ca1\u6536\u5230\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5219\u5220\u9664\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7531\uff09
\u5982\u679c\u8def\u7531\u53d8\u6210possible down\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7531\u8df3\u6570\u5c06\u53d8\u621016\u8df3\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\uff1b\u8fd9\u65f6holddown\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u65f6\u3002
\u5728holddown\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5373\u4f7f\u6536\u5230\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u5165\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff1b\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u8def\u7531\u9891\u7e41\u7ffb\u52a8\u3002
\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u542f\u7528holddown\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff1a \u201c\u5f53\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7531\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u8df3\u6570\u5927\u4e8e\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u5df2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u8be5\u6761\u8def\u7531\u7684\u8df3\u6570\u201d
9:\u7b80\u8ff0\u7535\u8def\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u5206\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u533a\u522b\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u5408. \u7535\u8def\u4ea4\u6362\u8fde\u63a5
\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5
\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u901a\u4fe1\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u62c6\u9664
\u5728\u7535\u4fe1\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u7269\u7406\u7535\u8def
\u5206\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6362\u8fde\u63a5
\u5c06\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u7ec4
\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u5171\u4eab\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ebf\u8def
\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u7535\u8def/\u865a\u901a\u9053\uff08Virtual Channel\uff09\u4f20\u8f93
\u82e5\u8981\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u4f20\u9001\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u547c\u53eb\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u7535\u8def\u4ea4\u6362\u8f83\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\uff1b\u5f53\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u901a\u8def\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6bb5\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u7ec4\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u7ec4\u4ea4\u6362\u4f20\u9001\u6570\u636e\u8f83\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\u3002
10:\u7b80\u8ff0PPP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4f18\u70b9. \u652f\u6301\u540c\u6b65\u6216\u5f02\u6b65\u4e32\u884c\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u4f20\u8f93
\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u534f\u8bae
\u652f\u6301\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b
\u652f\u6301\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u5730\u5740\u534f\u5546
\u652f\u6301\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1
\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29
11: pap\u548cchap\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u533a\u522b
PAP(\u53e3\u4ee4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u534f\u8bae Password Authentication Protocol)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u660e\u6587\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002NAS\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0cNetwork Access Server\uff09\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0cPAP\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8f83\u5dee\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u88ab\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0eNAS\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u83b7\u53d6NAS\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u88ab\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7a83\u53d6\uff0cPAP\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u907f\u514d\u53d7\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u63aa\u65bd\u3002
CHAP(\u6311\u6218-\u63e1\u624b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u534f\u8bae Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u907f\u514d\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u4f20\u9001\u7528\u6237\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5bc6\u7801\u3002NAS\u5411\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u53e3\u4ee4\uff08challenge\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4f1a\u8bddID\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6311\u6218\u5b57\u4e32\uff08arbitrary challengestring\uff09\u3002\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5ba2\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528MD5\u5355\u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08one-way hashing algorithm\uff09\u8fd4\u56de\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u6311\u6218\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bddID\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4ee5\u975e\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\u3002
CHAP\u5bf9PAP\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u94fe\u8def\u53d1\u9001\u660e\u6587\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6311\u6218\u53e3\u4ee4\u4ee5\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u53e3\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5b58\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u660e\u6587\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u7167\u3002CHAP\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4efb\u610f\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u5b57\u4e32\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u53d7\u5230\u518d\u73b0\u653b\u51fb\uff08replay attack\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cCHAP\u5c06\u4e0d\u5b9a\u65f6\u7684\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u91cd\u590d\u53d1\u9001\u6311\u6218\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u7b2c3\u65b9\u5192\u5145\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5ba2\u6237\uff08remote client impersonation\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u653b\u51fb\u3002
12:ADSL\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u8bed\u97f3\u540c\u4f20\u7684?
\u7269\u7406\u5c42:\u9891\u5206\u590d\u7528\u6280\u672f.(\u9ad8\u9891\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e,\u4f4e\u9891\u4f20\u8f93\u8bed\u97f3)\u5177\u4f53\u8bb2\u89e3\u7684\u8bdd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e:\u8c03\u5236,\u6ee4\u6ce2,\u89e3\u8c03\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b.
13:OSPF\u4e2d\u90a3\u51e0\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9DR,BDR?
\u5e7f\u64ad\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u975e\u5e7f\u64ad\u591a\u8def\u8bbf\u95eeNBMA\u7f51\u7edc\u9700\u8981\u9009.
14:OSPF\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u672b\u68a2\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u53ca\u9002\u7528\u573a\u5408
\u7279\u70b9:\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b66\u4e60\u5176\u4ed6\u533a\u57df\u7684\u8def\u7531
\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b66\u4e60\u5916\u90e8\u8def\u7531
\u5b8c\u5168\u672b\u68a2\u533a\u57df\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f3a\u7701\u8def\u7531\u5230\u8fbeOSPF\u81ea\u4e3b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740,\u800c\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f3a\u7701\u8def\u7531\u5230\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740.\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u672b\u68a2\u533a\u57df\u7684ABR\u4e0d\u4ec5\u963b\u585eAS\u5916\u90e8LSA,\u800c\u4e14\u963b\u585e\u6240\u6709\u6c47\u603bLSA.
\u9002\u7528\u573a\u5408:\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u7f51\u7edc.
15:OSPF\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5212\u5206\u591a\u533a\u57df?
1\u3001\u51cf\u5c0f\u8def\u7531\u8868\u5927\u5c0f
2\u3001\u9650\u5236lsa\u7684\u6269\u6563
3\u3001\u52a0\u5feb\u6536\u655b
4\u3001\u589e\u5f3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027
16:NSSA\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48?
1.\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u672c\u533a\u57df\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8def\u7531\uff1b
2.\u4e0d\u5b66\u4e60\u5176\u4ed6\u533a\u57df\u8f6c\u53d1\u8fdb\u6765\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8def\u7531
17:\u4f60\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5197\u4f59\u6280\u672f,\u8bf7\u8bf4\u660e.
\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u6027\uff1aspanning\uff0dtree\u3001ethernet\uff0dchannel
\u8def\u7531\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u6027:HSRP,VRRP,GLBP.
(\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd)
18:HSRP\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4?
10s
19:\u6807\u51c6\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868\u7684\u533a\u522b.
\u6807\u51c6\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868:\u57fa\u4e8e\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4
\u6269\u5c55\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868: \u57fa\u4e8e\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4
20:NAT\u7684\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9.
\u539f\u7406:\u8f6c\u6362\u5185\u90e8\u5730\u5740,\u8f6c\u6362\u5916\u90e8\u5730\u5740,PAT,\u89e3\u51b3\u5730\u5740\u91cd\u53e0\u95ee\u9898.
\u4f18\u70b9:\u8282\u7701IP\u5730\u5740,\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u5730\u5740\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5,\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u6027,\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u53f7,\u9690\u85cf\u4e86\u5185\u90e8IP\u5730\u5740.
\u7f3a\u70b9:\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5ef6\u8fdf,\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684IP\u7684\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5e94\u7528(\u5982:SNMP),\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2aNAT\u8868,\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684CPU\u6765\u5904\u7406NAT\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b.
21: \u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u578b\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f
\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u5171\u540c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u52a0\u5bc6\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u9700\u8981\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u4eba\u7a83\u53d6\uff1b\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u578b\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u94a5\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7ef4\u62a4\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u516c\u94a5\uff08\u4e00\u5bf9\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5404\u81ea\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u7aef\u516c\u94a5\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u7aef\u63a5\u53d7\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u79c1\u94a5\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u5bc6\uff0c\u52a0\u5bc6\u6027\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6613\u88ab\u7a83\u53d6\uff0c\u4f46\u52a0\u5bc6\u901f\u5ea6\u6162.
22: \u5b89\u5168\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f
SA\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a1.IKE SA\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5bf9\u7b49\u4f53\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5bf9\u7aef\uff1b2.IPSec SA\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u8ba4\u8bc1\u540e\uff0c\u534f\u5546\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f.
23: ESP\u548cAH\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1f
ESP\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff1bAH\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u597d .
24: snmp\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48,\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u70b9?
\u9996\u5148,SNMP\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eUDP\u7684,\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f,\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8f6e\u8be2,\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4e2d\u65ad.
\u8f6e\u8be2:\u7f51\u7ba1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u968f\u673a\u5f00\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6e\u8be2\u88ab\u7ba1\u8bbe\u5907\u7684UDP\u7684161\u7aef\u53e3.
\u4e2d\u65ad:\u88ab\u7ba1\u8bbe\u5907\u5c06trap\u62a5\u6587\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u7ed9\u7f51\u7ba1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u7684UDP\u7684162\u7aef\u53e3.
\u7279\u70b9:\u8f6e\u8be2\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u591f\u67e5\u5230\u88ab\u7ba1\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u5426\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6545\u969c,\u4f46\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u4e0d\u597d.
\u4e2d\u65ad\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u597d(\u89e6\u53d1\u66f4\u65b0),\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u591f\u5c06trap\u62a5\u6587\u62a5\u544a\u7ed9\u7f51\u7ba1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9.
，通过MAC地址转发的是交换机。第二点 snmp是udp上做的协议 有自己的格式 ，你记错名称了，是STMP，POP3（邮局协议第三个版本）实现邮件发送。，最后802.3是以太网，局域网协议吧。
第一点 路由器 是通过ip地址 转发 是三层的
第二点 snmp是udp上做的协议 有自己的格式 你用smtp 或pop 协议 很难封装了吧？
不对。根据MAC地址转发的是2层交换机
帮你顶
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