高一 化学《必修一》里的所有的化学方程式 高一化学必修一的所有化学方程式
\u9ad8\u4e00\u5316\u5b66\u5fc5\u4fee\u4e00\u6240\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5fc5\u4fee1\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u603b\u7ed3
1\u3001\u786b\u9178\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c: BaCl2 + Na2SO4 = BaSO4\u2193+ 2NaCl
2\u3001\u78b3\u9178\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c: CaCl2 + Na2CO3 = CaCO3\u2193 + 2NaCl
3\u3001\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94: Na2CO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
4\u3001\u6728\u70ad\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc: 2CuO + C \u9ad8\u6e29 2Cu + CO2\u2191
5\u3001\u94c1\u7247\u4e0e\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94: Fe + CuSO4 = FeSO4 + Cu
6\u3001\u6c2f\u5316\u9499\u4e0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCaCl2 + Na2CO3 = CaCO3\u2193+ 2NaCl
7\u3001\u94a0\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2Na + O2 \u25b3 Na2O2
\u94a0\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a4Na + O2 = 2Na2O
8\u3001\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2Na2O2 + 2H2O = 4NaOH + O2\u2191
9\u3001\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u4e0e\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2Na2O2 + 2CO2 = 2Na2CO3 + O2
10\u3001\u94a0\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2Na + 2H2O = 2NaOH + H2\u2191
11\u3001\u94c1\u4e0e\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a3Fe + 4H2O(g) = F3O4 + 4H2\u2191
12\u3001\u94dd\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O = 2NaAlO2 + 3H2\u2191
13\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCaO + H2O = Ca(OH)2
14\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe2O3 + 6HCl = 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
15\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aAl2O3 + 6HCl = 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
16\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aAl2O3 + 2NaOH = 2NaAlO2 + H2O
17\u3001\u6c2f\u5316\u94c1\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFeCl3 + 3NaOH = Fe(OH)3\u2193+ 3NaCl
18\u3001\u786b\u9178\u4e9a\u94c1\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFeSO4 + 2NaOH = Fe(OH)2\u2193+ Na2SO4
19\u3001\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u4e9a\u94c1\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\u6210\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\uff1a4Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2 = 4Fe(OH)3
20\u3001\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\u52a0\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\uff1a2Fe(OH)3 \u25b3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O\u2191
21\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u53d6\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\uff1aAl2(SO4)3 + 6NH3•H2O = 2Al(OH)3\u2193 + 3(NH3)2SO4
22\u3001\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aAl(OH)3 + 3HCl = AlCl3 + 3H2O
23\u3001\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aAl(OH)3 + NaOH = NaAlO2 + 2H2O
24\u3001\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\u52a0\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\uff1a2Al(OH)3 \u25b3 Al2O3 + 3H2O
25\u3001\u4e09\u6c2f\u5316\u94c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e0e\u94c1\u7c89\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2FeCl3 + Fe = 3FeCl2
26\u3001\u6c2f\u5316\u4e9a\u94c1\u4e2d\u901a\u5165\u6c2f\u6c14\uff1a2FeCl2 + Cl2 = 2FeCl3
27\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aSiO2 + 4HF = SiF4 + 2H2O
\u7845\u5355\u8d28\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c1f\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aSi + 4HF = SiF4 + 2H2\u2191
28\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u4e0e\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u9ad8\u6e29\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aSiO2 + CaO \u9ad8\u6e29 CaSiO3
29\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aSiO2 + 2NaOH = Na2SiO3 + H2O
30\u3001\u5f80\u7845\u9178\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u901a\u5165\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff1aNa2SiO3 + CO2 + H2O = Na2CO3 + H2SiO3\u2193
31\u3001\u7845\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNa2SiO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H2SiO3\u2193
32\u3001\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u94c1\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2Fe + 3Cl2 \u70b9\u71c3 2FeCl3
33\u3001\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u94dc\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCu + Cl2 \u70b9\u71c3 CuCl2
34\u3001\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u94a0\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2Na + Cl2 \u70b9\u71c3 2NaCl
35\u3001\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCl2 + H2O = HCl + HClO
36\u3001\u6b21\u6c2f\u9178\u5149\u7167\u5206\u89e3\uff1a2HClO \u5149\u7167 2HCl + O2\u2191
37\u3001\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCl2 + 2NaOH = NaCl + NaClO + H2O
38\u3001\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e0e\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 = CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H2O
39\u3001\u76d0\u9178\u4e0e\u785d\u9178\u94f6\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aHCl + AgNO3 = AgCl\u2193 + HNO3
40\u3001\u6f02\u767d\u7c89\u957f\u671f\u7f6e\u9732\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\uff1aCa(ClO)2 + H2O + CO2 = CaCO3\u2193 + 2HClO
41\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aSO2 + H2O \u2248 H2SO3
42\u3001\u6c2e\u6c14\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u5728\u653e\u7535\u4e0b\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aN2 + O2 \u653e\u7535 2NO
43\u3001\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u6c2e\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2NO + O2 = 2NO2
44\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u6c2e\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a3NO2 + H2O = 2HNO3 + NO
45\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2SO2 + O2 \u50ac\u5316\u5242 2SO3
46\u3001\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aSO3 + H2O = H2SO4
47\u3001\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u4e0e\u94dc\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCu + 2H2SO4(\u6d53) \u25b3 CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2\u2191
48\u3001\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u4e0e\u6728\u70ad\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aC + 2H2SO4(\u6d53) \u25b3 CO2 \u2191+ 2SO2\u2191 + 2H2O
49\u3001\u6d53\u785d\u9178\u4e0e\u94dc\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCu + 4HNO3(\u6d53) = Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2\u2191
50\u3001\u7a00\u785d\u9178\u4e0e\u94dc\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a3Cu + 8HNO3(\u7a00) \u25b3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO\u2191
51\u3001\u6c28\u6c34\u53d7\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\uff1aNH3•H2O \u25b3 NH3\u2191 + H2O
52\u3001\u6c28\u6c14\u4e0e\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNH3 + HCl = NH4Cl
53\u3001\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u53d7\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\uff1aNH4Cl \u25b3 NH3\u2191 + HCl\u2191
54\u3001\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u6c28\u53d7\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\uff1aNH4HCO3 \u25b3 NH3\u2191 + H2O\u2191 + CO2\u2191
55\u3001\u785d\u9178\u94f5\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNH4NO3 + NaOH \u25b3 NH3\u2191 + NaNO3 + H2O
56\u3001\u6c28\u6c14\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u53d6\uff1a2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 \u25b3 CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3\u2191
57\u3001\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCl2 + H2 \u70b9\u71c3 2HCl
58\u3001\u786b\u9178\u94f5\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\uff08NH4\uff092SO4 + 2NaOH \u25b3 2NH3\u2191 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O
59\u3001SO2 + CaO = CaSO3
60\u3001SO2 + 2NaOH = Na2SO3 + H2O
61\u3001SO2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO3\u2193 + H2O
62\u3001SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O = 2HCl + H2SO4
63\u3001SO2 + 2H2S = 3S + 2H2O
64\u3001NO\u3001NO2\u7684\u56de\u6536\uff1aNO2 + NO + 2NaOH = 2NaNO2 + H2O
65\u3001Si + 2F2 = SiF4
66\u3001Si + 2NaOH + H2O = NaSiO3 +2H2\u2191
67\u3001\u7845\u5355\u8d28\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6cd5\uff1a\u7c97\u7845\u7684\u5236\u53d6\uff1aSiO2 + 2C \u9ad8\u6e29\u7535\u7089 Si + 2CO
\uff08\u77f3\u82f1\u6c99\uff09\uff08\u7126\u78b3\uff09 \uff08\u7c97\u7845\uff09
\u7c97\u7845\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7845\uff1aSi\uff08\u7c97\uff09 + 2Cl2 \u25b3 SiCl4
SiCl4 + 2H2 \u9ad8\u6e29 Si\uff08\u7eaf\uff09+ 4HCl
\u5316\u5408\u53cd\u5e94
1\u3001\u9541\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2Mg + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2MgO
2\u3001\u94c1\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a3Fe + 2O2 \u70b9\u71c3 Fe3O4
3\u3001\u94dd\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a4Al + 3O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2Al2O3
4\u3001\u6c22\u6c14\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2H2 + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2H2O
5\u3001\u7ea2\u78f7\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a4P + 5O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2P2O5
6\u3001\u786b\u7c89\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a S + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 SO2
7\u3001\u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u5145\u5206\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 CO2
8\u3001\u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2C + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2CO
9\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u901a\u8fc7\u707c\u70ed\u78b3\u5c42\uff1a C + CO2 \u9ad8\u6e29 2CO
10\u3001\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2CO + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2CO2
11\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u901a\u5165\u7d2b\u8272\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u6db2\uff09\uff1aCO2 + H2O === H2CO3
12\u3001\u751f\u77f3\u7070\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1aCaO + H2O === Ca(OH)2
13\u3001\u65e0\u6c34\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u4f5c\u5e72\u71e5\u5242\uff1aCuSO4 + 5H2O ==== CuSO4?5H2O
14\u3001\u94a0\u5728\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2Na + Cl2\u70b9\u71c3 2NaCl
\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94
15\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7528\u53cc\u6c27\u6c34\u5236\u6c27\u6c14\uff1a2H2O2 MnO2 2H2O+ O2\u2191
16\u3001\u52a0\u70ed\u9ad8\u9530\u9178\u94be\uff1a2KMnO4 \u52a0\u70ed K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2\u2191
17\u3001\u6c34\u5728\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u5206\u89e3\uff1a2H2O \u901a\u7535 2H2\u2191+ O2 \u2191
18\u3001\u78b3\u9178\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u800c\u5206\u89e3\uff1aH2CO3 === H2O + CO2\u2191
19\u3001\u9ad8\u6e29\u7145\u70e7\u77f3\u7070\u77f3\uff08\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u6cd5\uff09\uff1aCaCO3 \u9ad8\u6e29 CaO + CO2\u2191
\u7f6e\u6362\u53cd\u5e94
20\u3001\u94c1\u548c\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe + CuSO4 == FeSO4 + Cu
21\u3001\u950c\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6c22\u6c14\uff09\uff1aZn + H2SO4 == ZnSO4 + H2\u2191
22\u3001\u9541\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aMg+ 2HCl === MgCl2 + H2\u2191
23\u3001\u6c22\u6c14\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aH2 + CuO \u52a0\u70ed Cu + H2O
24\u3001\u6728\u70ad\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aC+ 2CuO \u9ad8\u6e29 2Cu + CO2\u2191
25\u3001\u7532\u70f7\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aCH4 + 2O2 \u70b9\u71c3 CO2 + 2H2O
26\u3001\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u901a\u8fc7\u707c\u70ed\u78b3\u5c42\uff1aH2O + C \u9ad8\u6e29 H2 + CO
27\u3001\u7126\u70ad\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\uff1a3C+ 2Fe2O3 \u9ad8\u6e29 4Fe + 3CO2\u2191
\u5176\u4ed6
28\u3001\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e0e\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2NaOH + CuSO4 == Cu(OH)2\u2193 + Na2SO4
29\u3001\u7532\u70f7\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aCH4 + 2O2 \u70b9\u71c3 CO2 + 2H2O
30\u3001\u9152\u7cbe\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC2H5OH + 3O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2CO2 + 3H2O
31\u3001\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aCO+ CuO \u52a0\u70ed Cu + CO2
32\u3001\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\uff1a3CO+ Fe2O3 \u9ad8\u6e29 2Fe + 3CO2
33\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u901a\u8fc7\u6f84\u6e05\u77f3\u7070\u6c34\uff08\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff09\uff1aCa(OH)2 + CO2 ==== CaCO3 \u2193+ H2O
34\u3001\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u9664\u53bb\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff09\uff1a2NaOH + CO2 ==== Na2CO3 + H2O
35\u3001\u77f3\u7070\u77f3\uff08\u6216\u5927\u7406\u77f3\uff09\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6cd5\uff09\uff1aCaCO3 + 2HCl === CaCl2 + H2O + CO2\u2191
36\u3001\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u6d53\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u6ce1\u6cab\u706d\u706b\u5668\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff09: Na2CO3 + 2HCl === 2NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
\u4e00\uff0e \u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u5355\u8d28\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
1. \u9541\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2Mg + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2MgO
2. \u94c1\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a3Fe + 2O2 \u70b9\u71c3 Fe3O4
3. \u94dc\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u53d7\u70ed\uff1a2Cu + O2 \u52a0\u70ed 2CuO
4. \u94dd\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a4Al + 3O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2Al2O3
5. \u6c22\u6c14\u4e2d\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2H2 + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2H2O
6. \u7ea2\u78f7\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a4P + 5O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2P2O5
7. \u786b\u7c89\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a S + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 SO2
8. \u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u5145\u5206\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 CO2
9. \u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2C + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2CO
\uff082\uff09\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
10. \u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2CO + O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2CO2
11. \u7532\u70f7\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aCH4 + 2O2 \u70b9\u71c3 CO2 + 2H2O
12. \u9152\u7cbe\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC2H5OH + 3O2 \u70b9\u71c3 2CO2 + 3H2O
\u4e8c\uff0e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
13. \u6c34\u5728\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u5206\u89e3\uff1a2H2O \u901a\u7535 2H2\u2191+ O2 \u2191
14. \u52a0\u70ed\u78b1\u5f0f\u78b3\u9178\u94dc\uff1aCu2(OH)2CO3 \u52a0\u70ed 2CuO + H2O + CO2\u2191
15. \u52a0\u70ed\u6c2f\u9178\u94be\uff08\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u9530\uff09\uff1a2KClO3 ==== 2KCl + 3O2 \u2191
16. \u52a0\u70ed\u9ad8\u9530\u9178\u94be\uff1a2KMnO4 \u52a0\u70ed K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2\u2191
17. \u78b3\u9178\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u800c\u5206\u89e3\uff1aH2CO3 === H2O + CO2\u2191
18. \u9ad8\u6e29\u7145\u70e7\u77f3\u7070\u77f3\uff1aCaCO3 \u9ad8\u6e29 CaO + CO2\u2191
\u4e09\uff0e\u51e0\u4e2a\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
19. \u6c22\u6c14\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aH2 + CuO \u52a0\u70ed Cu + H2O
20. \u6728\u70ad\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aC+ 2CuO \u9ad8\u6e29 2Cu + CO2\u2191
21. \u7126\u70ad\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\uff1a3C+ 2Fe2O3 \u9ad8\u6e29 4Fe + 3CO2\u2191
22. \u7126\u70ad\u8fd8\u539f\u56db\u6c27\u5316\u4e09\u94c1\uff1a2C+ Fe3O4 \u9ad8\u6e29 3Fe + 2CO2\u2191
23. \u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aCO+ CuO \u52a0\u70ed Cu + CO2
24. \u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\uff1a3CO+ Fe2O3 \u9ad8\u6e29 2Fe + 3CO2
25. \u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u8fd8\u539f\u56db\u6c27\u5316\u4e09\u94c1\uff1a4CO+ Fe3O4 \u9ad8\u6e29 3Fe + 4CO2
\u56db\uff0e\u5355\u8d28\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u3001\u9178\u3001\u78b1\u3001\u76d0\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb
\uff081\uff09\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28 + \u9178 -------- \u76d0 + \u6c22\u6c14 \uff08\u7f6e\u6362\u53cd\u5e94\uff09
26. \u950c\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178Zn + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 + H2\u2191
27. \u94c1\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2\u2191
28. \u9541\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178Mg + H2SO4 = MgSO4 + H2\u2191
29. \u94dd\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u91782Al +3H2SO4 = Al2(SO4)3 +3H2\u2191
30. \u950c\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178Zn + 2HCl === ZnCl2 + H2\u2191
31. \u94c1\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178Fe + 2HCl === FeCl2 + H2\u2191
32. \u9541\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178Mg+ 2HCl === MgCl2 + H2\u2191
33. \u94dd\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u91782Al + 6HCl == 2AlCl3 + 3H2\u2191
\uff082\uff09\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28 + \u76d0\uff08\u6eb6\u6db2\uff09 ------- \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u91d1\u5c5e + \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d0
34. \u94c1\u548c\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe + CuSO4 === FeSO4 + Cu
35. \u950c\u548c\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aZn + CuSO4 === ZnSO4 + Cu
36. \u94dc\u548c\u785d\u9178\u6c5e\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCu + Hg(NO3)2 === Cu(NO3)2 + Hg
\uff083\uff09\u78b1\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u7269 +\u9178 -------- \u76d0 + \u6c34
37. \u6c27\u5316\u94c1\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe2O3 + 6HCl === 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
38. \u6c27\u5316\u94c1\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe2O3 + 3H2SO4 === Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
39. \u6c27\u5316\u94dc\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCuO + 2HCl ==== CuCl2 + H2O
40. \u6c27\u5316\u94dc\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCuO + H2SO4 ==== CuSO4 + H2O
41. \u6c27\u5316\u9541\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aMgO + H2SO4 ==== MgSO4 + H2O
42. \u6c27\u5316\u9499\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCaO + 2HCl ==== CaCl2 + H2O
\uff084\uff09\u9178\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u7269 +\u78b1 -------- \u76d0 + \u6c34
43\uff0e\u82db\u6027\u94a0\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u53d8\u8d28\uff1a2NaOH + CO2 ==== Na2CO3 + H2O
44\uff0e\u82db\u6027\u94a0\u5438\u6536\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u6c14\u4f53\uff1a2NaOH + SO2 ==== Na2SO3 + H2O
45\uff0e\u82db\u6027\u94a0\u5438\u6536\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u6c14\u4f53\uff1a2NaOH + SO3 ==== Na2SO4 + H2O
46\uff0e\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u653e\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u53d8\u8d28\uff1aCa(OH)2 + CO2 ==== CaCO3 \u2193+ H2O
47. \u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u5438\u6536\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\uff1aCa(OH)2 + SO2 ==== CaSO3 \u2193+ H2O
\uff085\uff09\u9178 + \u78b1 -------- \u76d0 + \u6c34
48\uff0e\u76d0\u9178\u548c\u70e7\u78b1\u8d77\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aHCl + NaOH ==== NaCl +H2O
49. \u76d0\u9178\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94be\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aHCl + KOH ==== KCl +H2O
50\uff0e\u76d0\u9178\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2HCl + Cu(OH)2 ==== CuCl2 + 2H2O
51. \u76d0\u9178\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2HCl + Ca(OH)2 ==== CaCl2 + 2H2O
52. \u76d0\u9178\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a3HCl + Fe(OH)3 ==== FeCl3 + 3H2O
53.\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u80c3\u9178\u8fc7\u591a\uff1a3HCl + Al(OH)3 ==== AlCl3 + 3H2O
54.\u786b\u9178\u548c\u70e7\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aH2SO4 + 2NaOH ==== Na2SO4 + 2H2O
55.\u786b\u9178\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94be\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aH2SO4 + 2KOH ==== K2SO4 + 2H2O
56.\u786b\u9178\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aH2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 ==== CuSO4 + 2H2O
57. \u786b\u9178\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a3H2SO4 + 2Fe(OH)3==== Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O
58. \u785d\u9178\u548c\u70e7\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aHNO3+ NaOH ==== NaNO3 +H2O
\uff086\uff09\u9178 + \u76d0 -------- \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9178 + \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d0
59\uff0e\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCaCO3 + 2HCl === CaCl2 + H2O + CO2\u2191
60\uff0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94: Na2CO3 + 2HCl === 2NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
61\uff0e\u78b3\u9178\u9541\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94: MgCO3 + 2HCl === MgCl2 + H2O + CO2\u2191
62\uff0e\u76d0\u9178\u548c\u785d\u9178\u94f6\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aHCl + AgNO3 === AgCl\u2193 + HNO3
63.\u786b\u9178\u548c\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNa2CO3 + H2SO4 === Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2\u2191
64.\u786b\u9178\u548c\u6c2f\u5316\u94a1\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aH2SO4 + BaCl2 ==== BaSO4 \u2193+ 2HCl
\uff087\uff09\u78b1 + \u76d0 -------- \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u78b1 + \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d0
65\uff0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u4e0e\u786b\u9178\u94dc\uff1a2NaOH + CuSO4 ==== Cu(OH)2\u2193 + Na2SO4
66\uff0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u4e0e\u6c2f\u5316\u94c1\uff1a3NaOH + FeCl3 ==== Fe(OH)3\u2193 + 3NaCl
67\uff0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u4e0e\u6c2f\u5316\u9541\uff1a2NaOH + MgCl2 ==== Mg(OH)2\u2193 + 2NaCl
68. \u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u4e0e\u6c2f\u5316\u94dc\uff1a2NaOH + CuCl2 ==== Cu(OH)2\u2193 + 2NaCl
69. \u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u4e0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\uff1aCa(OH)2 + Na2CO3 === CaCO3\u2193+ 2NaOH
\uff088\uff09\u76d0 + \u76d0 ----- \u4e24\u79cd\u65b0\u76d0
70\uff0e\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u548c\u785d\u9178\u94f6\u6eb6\u6db2\uff1aNaCl + AgNO3 ==== AgCl\u2193 + NaNO3
71\uff0e\u786b\u9178\u94a0\u548c\u6c2f\u5316\u94a1\uff1aNa2SO4 + BaCl2 ==== BaSO4\u2193 + 2NaCl
\u4e94\uff0e\u5176\u5b83\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
72\uff0e\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6eb6\u89e3\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1aCO2 + H2O === H2CO3
73\uff0e\u751f\u77f3\u7070\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1aCaO + H2O === Ca(OH)2
74\uff0e\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1aNa2O + H2O ==== 2NaOH
75\uff0e\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1aSO3 + H2O ==== H2SO4
76\uff0e\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6676\u4f53\u53d7\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\uff1aCuSO4?5H2O \u52a0\u70ed CuSO4 + 5H2O
77\uff0e\u65e0\u6c34\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u4f5c\u5e72\u71e5\u5242\uff1aCuSO4 + 5H2O ==== CuSO4?5H2
\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f
1\u3001\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\u6eb6\u4e8e\u785d\u9178
2\u3001\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94be\u4e0e\u786b\u9178\u4e2d\u548c
3\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u94c1\u6eb6\u4e8e\u7a00\u786b\u9178
4\u3001\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e2d\u6ef4\u52a0\u8db3\u91cf\u7a00\u76d0\u9178
5\u3001\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a1\u6eb6\u6db2\u6df7\u5408
6\u3001\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a1\u6eb6\u6db2\u548c\u6c2f\u5316\u9541\u6eb6\u6db2\u6df7\u5408
7\u3001\u6c2f\u5316\u94a1\u6eb6\u6db2\u548c\u786b\u9178\u94be\u6eb6\u6db2\u6df7\u5408
8\u3001\u7528\u76d0\u9178\u9664\u94c1\u9508
9\u3001\u786b\u9178\u94c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94be\u6eb6\u6db2\u6df7\u5408
10\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u94dd\u6eb6\u4e8e\u786b\u9178
Fe(OH)3+3H+===Fe3+ +3H2O
OH-+H+==H2O
Fe+2H+==Fe2+ +H2
CO32- + 2H+===H2O+CO2
Cu2+ + SO42- +Ba2+ +2OH-====BaSO4+Cu(OH)2
Mg2+ + 2OH- ===Mg(OH)2
Ba2+ + SO42- ==BaSO4
Fe2O3+6H+===2Fe3+ + 3H2O
Fe3+ + 3OH- ===Fe(OH)3
2Al+6H+==2Al3+ +3H2
1, \u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff1a
F2 + H2 === 2HF
F2 +Xe(\u8fc7\u91cf)===XeF2
2F2\uff08\u8fc7\u91cf\uff09+Xe===XeF4
nF2 +2M===2MFn (\u8868\u793a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u91d1\u5c5e)
2F2 +2H2O===4HF+O2
2F2 +2NaOH===2NaF+OF2 +H2O
F2 +2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2
F2 +2NaBr===2NaF+Br2
F2+2NaI ===2NaF+I2
F2 +Cl2 (\u7b49\u4f53\u79ef)===2ClF
3F2 (\u8fc7\u91cf)+Cl2===2ClF3
7F2(\u8fc7\u91cf)+I2 ===2IF7
Cl2 +H2 ===2HCl
3Cl2 +2P===2PCl3
Cl2 +PCl3 ===PCl5
Cl2 +2Na===2NaCl
3Cl2 +2Fe===2FeCl3
Cl2 +2FeCl2 ===2FeCl3
Cl2+Cu===CuCl2
2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2
Cl2 +2NaI ===2NaCl+I2
5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl
Cl2 +Na2S===2NaCl+S
Cl2 +H2S===2HCl+S
Cl2+SO2 +2H2O===H2SO4 +2HCl
Cl2 +H2O2 ===2HCl+O2
2O2 +3Fe===Fe3O4
O2+K===KO2
S+H2===H2S
2S+C===CS2
S+Fe===FeS
S+2Cu===Cu2S
3S+2Al===Al2S3
S+Zn===ZnS
N2+3H2===2NH3
N2+3Mg===Mg3N2
N2+3Ca===Ca3N2
N2+3Ba===Ba3N2
N2+6Na===2Na3N
N2+6K===2K3N
N2+6Rb===2Rb3N
P2+6H2===4PH3
P+3Na===Na3P
2P+3Zn===Zn3P2
2\uff0e\u8fd8\u539f\u6027
S+O2===SO2
S+O2===SO2
S+6HNO3(\u6d53)===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O
3S+4 HNO3(\u7a00)===3SO2+4NO+2H2O
N2+O2===2NO
4P+5O2===P4O10(\u5e38\u5199\u6210P2O5)
2P+3X2===2PX3 \uff08X\u8868\u793aF2\uff0cCl2\uff0cBr2\uff09
PX3+X2===PX5
P4+20HNO3(\u6d53)===4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2O
C+2F2===CF4
C+2Cl2===CCl4
2C+O2(\u5c11\u91cf)===2CO
C+O2(\u8db3\u91cf)===CO2
C+CO2===2CO
C+H2O===CO+H2(\u751f\u6210\u6c34\u7164\u6c14)
2C+SiO2===Si+2CO(\u5236\u5f97\u7c97\u7845)
Si(\u7c97)+2Cl===SiCl4
(SiCl4+2H2===Si(\u7eaf)+4HCl)
Si(\u7c89)+O2===SiO2
Si+C===SiC(\u91d1\u521a\u7802)
Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H2
3\uff0c\uff08\u78b1\u4e2d\uff09\u6b67\u5316
Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClO
\uff08\u52a0\u9178\u6291\u5236\u6b67\u5316\uff0c\u52a0\u78b1\u6216\u5149\u7167\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6b67\u5316\uff09
Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O
2Cl2+2Ca\uff08OH\uff092===CaCl2+Ca\uff08ClO\uff092+2H2O
3Cl2+6KOH\uff08\u70ed\uff0c\u6d53\uff09===5KCl+KClO3+3H2O
3S+6NaOH===2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O
4P+3KOH\uff08\u6d53\uff09+3H2O===PH3+3KH2PO2
11P+15CuSO4+24H2O===5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4
3C+CaO===CaC2+CO
3C+SiO2===SiC+2CO
\u4e8c\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\uff08Na\uff0cMg\uff0cAl\uff0cFe\uff09\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027
2Na+H2===2NaH
4Na+O2===2Na2O
2Na2O+O2===2Na2O2
2Na+O2===Na2O2
2Na+S===Na2S\uff08\u7206\u70b8\uff09
2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2
2Na+2NH3===2NaNH2+H2
4Na+TiCl4\uff08\u7194\u878d\uff09===4NaCl+Ti
Mg+Cl2===MgCl2
Mg+Br2===MgBr2
2Mg+O2===2MgO
Mg+S===MgS
Mg+2H2O===Mg\uff08OH\uff092+H2
2Mg+TiCl4\uff08\u7194\u878d\uff09===Ti+2MgCl2
Mg+2RbCl===MgCl2+2Rb
2Mg+CO2===2MgO+C
2Mg+SiO2===2MgO+Si
Mg+H2S===MgS+H2
Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2
2Al+3Cl2===2AlCl3
4Al+3O2===2Al2O3\uff08\u949d\u5316\uff09
4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg
4Al+3MnO2===2Al2O3+3Mn
2Al+Cr2O3===Al2O3+2Cr
2Al+Fe2O3===Al2O3+2Fe
2Al+3FeO===Al2O3+3Fe
2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2
2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2
2Al+6H2SO4(\u6d53)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O
(Al,Fe\u5728\u51b7,\u6d53\u7684H2SO4,HNO3\u4e2d\u949d\u5316)
Al+4HNO(\u7a00)===Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O
2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2
2Fe+3Br2===2FeBr3
Fe+I2===FeI2
Fe+S===FeS
3Fe+4H2O(g)===Fe3O4+4H2
Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2
Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+Cu
Fe+SnCl4===FeCl2+SnCl2
(\u94c1\u5728\u9178\u6027\u73af\u5883\u4e0b,\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u9521\u5b8c\u5168
\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u5355\u8d28\u9521 Fe+SnCl2==FeCl2+Sn)
\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u5316\u7269(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)
1,\u8fd8\u539f\u6027:
4HCl(\u6d53)+MnO2===MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O
4HCl(g)+O2===2Cl2+2H2O
16HCl+2KMnO4===2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O
14HCl+K2Cr2O7===2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O
2H2O+2F2===4HF+O2
2H2S+3O2(\u8db3\u91cf)===2SO2+2H2O
2H2S+O2(\u5c11\u91cf)===2S+2H2O
2H2S+SO2===3S+2H2O
H2S+H2SO4(\u6d53)===S+SO2+2H2O
3H2S+2HNO(\u7a00)===3S+2NO+4H2O
5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O
3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2O
H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O===Na2SO4+6NaOH
2NH3+3CuO===3Cu+N2+3H2O
2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl
8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4Cl
4NH3+3O2(\u7eaf\u6c27)===2N2+6H2O
4NH3+5O2===4NO+6H2O
4NH3+6NO===5N2+6HO(\u7528\u6c28\u6e05\u9664NO)
NaH+H2O===NaOH+H2
4NaH+TiCl4===Ti+4NaCl+2H2
CaH2+2H2O===Ca(OH)2+2H2
2,\u9178\u6027:
4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2O
\uff08\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u5b9a\u77ff\u6837\u6216\u94a2\u6837\u4e2dSiO2\u7684\u542b\u91cf\uff09
2HF+CaCl2===CaF2+2HCl
H2S+Fe===FeS+H2
H2S+CuCl2===CuS+2HCl
H2S+2AgNO3===Ag2S+2HNO3
H2S+HgCl2===HgS+2HCl
H2S+Pb(NO3)2===PbS+2HNO3
H2S+FeCl2===
2NH3+2Na==2NaNH2+H2
(NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3)
3\uff0c\u78b1\u6027\uff1a
NH3+HCl===NH4Cl
NH3+HNO3===NH4NO3
2NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4
NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2===NaHCO3+NH4Cl
\uff08\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u5907\u5c0f\u82cf\u6253\uff0c\u82cf\u6253\uff09
4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a
2HF===H2+F2
2HCl===H2+Cl2
2H2O===2H2+O2
2H2O2===2H2O+O2
H2S===H2+S
2NH3===N2+3H2
\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269
1\uff0c\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff1a
2SO2+O2===2SO3
2SO2+O2+2H2O===2H2SO4
\uff08\u8fd9\u662fSO2\u5728\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7f13\u6162\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff09
SO2+Cl2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl
SO2+Br2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HBr
SO2+I2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HI
SO2+NO2===SO3+NO
2NO+O2===2NO2
NO+NO2+2NaOH===2NaNO2
\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u785d\u9178\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u5c3e\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684NO\u548cNO2\uff09
2CO+O2===2CO2
CO+CuO===Cu+CO2
3CO+Fe2O3===2Fe+3CO2
CO+H2O===CO2+H2
2\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff1a
SO2+2H2S===3S+2H2O
SO3+2KI===K2SO3+I2
NO2+2KI+H2O===NO+I2+2KOH
\uff08\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6dc0\u7c89KI\u6eb6\u6db2\u9274\u522b\u6eb4\u84b8\u6c14\u548cNO2\uff09
4NO2+H2S===4NO+SO3+H2O
2NO2+Cu===4CuO+N2
CO2+2Mg===2MgO+C
(CO2\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u6251\u706d\u7531Mg,Ca,Ba,Na,K\u7b49\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u706b\u707e)
SiO2+2H2===Si+2H2O
SiO2+2Mg===2MgO+Si
3,\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
SO2+H2O===H2SO3
SO3+H2O===H2SO4
3NO2+H2O===2HNO3+NO
N2O5+H2O===2HNO3
P2O5+H2O===2HPO3
P2O5+3H2O===2H3PO4
(P2O5\u6781\u6613\u5438\u6c34,\u53ef\u4f5c\u6c14\u4f53\u5e72\u71e5\u5242
P2O5+3H2SO4(\u6d53)===2H3PO4+3SO3)
CO2+H2O===H2CO3
4,\u4e0e\u78b1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
SO2+2NH3+H2O===(NH4)2SO3
SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O===2NH4HSO3
(\u8fd9\u662f\u786b\u9178\u5382\u56de\u6536SO2\u7684\u53cd\u5e94.\u5148\u7528\u6c28\u6c34\u5438\u6536SO2,
\u518d\u7528H2SO4\u5904\u7406: 2NH4HSO3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4+2H2O+2SO2
\u751f\u6210\u7684\u786b\u9178\u94f5\u4f5c\u5316\u80a5,SO2\u5faa\u73af\u4f5c\u539f\u6599\u6c14)
SO2+Ca(OH)2===CaSO3+H2O
(\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6f84\u6e05\u77f3\u7070\u6c34\u9274\u522bSO2\u548cCO2.\u53ef\u7528\u54c1\u7ea2\u9274\u522b)
SO3+MgO===MgSO4
SO3+Ca(OH)2===CaSO4+H2O
CO2+2NaOH(\u8fc7\u91cf)===Na2CO3+H2O
CO2(\u8fc7\u91cf)+NaOH===NaHCO3
CO2+Ca(OH)2(\u8fc7\u91cf)===CaCO3+H2O
2CO2(\u8fc7\u91cf)+Ca(OH)2===Ca(HCO3)2
CO2+2NaAlO2+3H2O===2Al(OH)3+Na2CO3
CO2+C6H5ONa+H2O===C6H5OH+NaHCO3
SiO2+CaO===CaSiO3
SiO2+2NaOH===Na2SiO3+H2O
(\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\u5f3a\u78b1\u7f13\u6162\u8150\u8680\u73bb\u7483)
SiO2+Na2CO3===Na2SiO3+CO2
SiO2+CaCO3===CaSiO3+CO2
\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269
1,\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027:
6FeO+O2===2Fe3O4
FeO+4HNO3===Fe(NO3)3+NO2+2H2O
2,\u6c27\u5316\u6027:
Na2O2+2Na===2Na2O
\uff08\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u5907Na2O\uff09
MgO\uff0cAl2O3\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3aMg\uff0cAl.
\u4e00\u822c\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u89e3\u5236Mg\u548cAl.
Fe2O3+3H2===2Fe+3H2O (\u5236\u8fd8\u539f\u94c1\u7c89)
Fe3O4+4H2===3Fe+4H2O
3,\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
Na2O+H2O===2NaOH
2Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2
(\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u5206\u4e24\u6b65:Na2O2+2H2O===2NaOH+H2O2 ;
2H2O2===2H2O+O2. H2O2\u7684\u5236\u5907\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94:
BaO2+H2SO4(\u7a00)===BaSO4+H2O2)
MgO+H2O===Mg(OH)2 (\u7f13\u6162\u53cd\u5e94)
4,\u4e0e\u9178\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
Na2O+SO3===Na2SO4
Na2O+CO2===Na2CO3
Na2O+2HCl===2NaCl+H2O
2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2
Na2O2+H2SO4(\u51b7,\u7a00)===Na2SO4+H2O2
MgO+SO3===MgSO4
MgO+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2O
Al2O3+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2O
(Al2O3\u662f\u4e24\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u7269:
Al2O3+2NaOH===2NaAlO2+H2O)
FeO+2HCl===FeCl2+3H2O
Fe2O3+6HCl===2FeCl3+3H2O
Fe2O3+3H2S(g)===Fe2S3+3H2O
Fe3O4+8HCl===FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2O
\u542b\u6c27\u9178
1,\u6c27\u5316\u6027:
4HClO3+3H2S===3H2SO4+4HCl
HClO3+HI===HIO3+HCl
3HClO+HI===HIO3+3HCl
HClO+H2SO3===H2SO4+HCl
HClO+H2O2===HCl+H2O+O2
(\u6c27\u5316\u6027:HClO>HClO2>HClO3>HClO4,
\u4f46\u6d53,\u70ed\u7684HClO4\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a)
2H2SO4(\u6d53)+C===CO2+2SO2+2H2O
2H2SO4(\u6d53)+S===3SO2+2H2O
H2SO4+Fe(Al) \u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u949d\u5316
6H2SO4(\u6d53)+2Fe===Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O
2H2SO4(\u6d53)+Cu===CuSO4+SO2+2H2O
H2SO4(\u6d53)+2HBr===SO2+Br2+2H2O
H2SO4(\u6d53)+2HI===SO2+I2+2H2O
H2SO4(\u7a00)+Fe===FeSO4+H2
2H2SO3+2H2S===3S+2H2O
4HNO3(\u6d53)+C===CO2+4NO2+2H2O
6HNO3(\u6d53)+S===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O
5HNO3(\u6d53)+P===H3PO4+5NO2+H2O
6HNO3+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+3NO2+3H2O
4HNO3+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+NO+2H2O
30HNO3+8Fe===8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O+15H2O
36HNO3+10Fe===10Fe(NO3)3+3N2+18H2O
30HNO3+8Fe===8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2O
2,\u8fd8\u539f\u6027:
H2SO3+X2+H2O===H2SO4+2HX
(X\u8868\u793aCl2,Br2,I2)
2H2SO3+O2===2H2SO4
H2SO3+H2O2===H2SO4+H2O
5H2SO3+2KMnO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2SO4+3H2O
H2SO3+2FeCl3+H2O===H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl
3,\u9178\u6027:
H2SO4(\u6d53) +CaF2===CaSO4+2HF
H2SO4(\u6d53)+NaCl===NaHSO4+HCl
H2SO4(\u6d53) +2NaCl===Na2SO4+2HCl
H2SO4(\u6d53)+NaNO3===NaHSO4+HNO3
3H2SO4(\u6d53)+Ca3\uff08PO4\uff092===3CaSO4+2H3PO4
2H2SO4(\u6d53)+Ca3\uff08PO4\uff092===2CaSO4+Ca\uff08H2PO4\uff092
3HNO3+Ag3PO4===H3PO4+3AgNO3
2HNO3+CaCO3===Ca\uff08NO3\uff092+H2O+CO2
\uff08\u7528HNO3\u548c\u6d53H2SO4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5236\u5907H2S\uff0cHI\uff0cHBr\uff0c\uff08SO2\uff09
\u7b49\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u6c14\u4f53\uff09
4H3PO4+Ca3\uff08PO4\uff092===3Ca\uff08H2PO4\uff092\uff08\u91cd\u9499\uff09
H3PO4\uff08\u6d53\uff09+NaBr===NaH2PO4+HBr
H3PO4\uff08\u6d53\uff09+NaI===NaH2PO4+HI
4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a
2HClO===2HCl+O2
4HNO3===4NO2+O2+2H2O
H2SO3===H2O+SO2
H2CO3===H2O+CO2
H4SiO4===H2SiO3+H2O
\u78b1
1\uff0c\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff1a
4Fe\uff08OH\uff092+O2+2H2O===4Fe\uff08OH\uff093
2\uff0c\u4e0e\u9178\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a
2NaOH+SO2\uff08\u5c11\u91cf\uff09===Na2SO3+H2O
NaOH+SO2\uff08\u8db3\u91cf\uff09===NaHSO3
2NaOH+SiO2===NaSiO3+H2O
2NaOH+Al2O3===2NaAlO2+H2O
2NaOH+Cl2===NaCl+NaClO+H2O
NaOH+HCl===NaCl+H2O
NaOH+H2S\uff08\u8db3\u91cf\uff09===NaHS+H2O
2NaOH+H2S\uff08\u5c11\u91cf\uff09===Na2S+2H2O
3NaOH+AlCl3===Al\uff08OH\uff093+3NaCl
NaOH+Al\uff08OH\uff093===NaAlO2+2H2O
\uff08AlCl3\u548cAl\uff08OH\uff093\u54ea\u4e2a\u9178\u6027\u5f3a\uff1f\uff09
NaOH+NH4Cl===NaCl+NH3+H2O
Mg\uff08OH\uff092+2NH4Cl===MgCl2+2NH3.H2O
Al(OH)3+NH4Cl \u4e0d\u6eb6\u89e3
3,\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027:
Mg(OH)2===MgO+H2O
2Al(OH)3===Al2O3+3H2O
2Fe(OH)3===Fe2O3+3H2O
Cu(OH)2===CuO+H2O
\u76d0
1,\u6c27\u5316\u6027:
2FeCl3+Fe===3FeCl2
2FeCl3+Cu===2FeCl2+CuCl2
(\u7528\u4e8e\u96d5\u523b\u94dc\u7ebf\u8def\u7248)
2FeCl3+Zn===2FeCl2+ZnCl2
FeCl3+Ag===FeCl2+AgC
Fe2(SO4)3+2Ag===FeSO4+Ag2SO4(\u8f83\u96be\u53cd\u5e94)
Fe(NO3)3+Ag \u4e0d\u53cd\u5e94
2FeCl3+H2S===2FeCl2+2HCl+S
2FeCl3+2KI===2FeCl2+2KCl+I2
FeCl2+Mg===Fe+MgCl2
2,\u8fd8\u539f\u6027:
2FeCl2+Cl2===2FeCl3
3Na2S+8HNO3(\u7a00)===6NaNO3+2NO+3S+4H2O
3Na2SO3+2HNO3(\u7a00)===3Na2SO4+2NO+H2O
2Na2SO3+O2===2Na2SO4
3,\u4e0e\u78b1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
MgCl2+2NH3.H2O===Mg(OH)2+NH4Cl
AlCl3+3NH3.H2O===Al(OH)3+3NH4Cl
FeCl3+3NH3.H2O===Fe(OH)3+3NH4Cl
4,\u4e0e\u9178\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
Na3PO4+HCl===Na2HPO4+NaCl
Na2HPO4+HCl===NaH2PO4+NaCl
NaH2PO4+HCl===H3PO4+NaCl
Na2CO3+HCl===NaHCO3+NaCl
NaHCO3+HCl===NaCl+H2O+CO2
3Na2CO3+2AlCl3+3H2O===2Al(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl
3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O===2Fe(OH)3+3CO2+6NaCl
3NaHCO3+AlCl3===Al(OH)3+3CO2
3NaHCO3+FeCl3===Fe(OH)3+3CO2
3Na2S+Al2(SO4)3+6H2O===2Al(OH)3+3H2S
3NaAlO2+AlCl3+6H2O===4Al(OH)3
5,\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027:
Na2S2O3+H2SO4===Na2SO4+S+SO2+H2O
NH4Cl===NH3+HCl
NH4HCO3===NH3+H2O+CO2
2KNO3===2KNO2+O2
2Cu(NO3)3===2CuO+4NO2+O2
2KMnO4===K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
2KClO3===2KCl+3O2
2NaHCO3===Na2CO3+H2O+CO2
Ca(HCO3)2===CaCO3+H2O+CO2
CaCO3===CaO+CO2
MgCO3===MgO+CO2
2、碳酸根离子的检验: CaCl2 + Na2CO3 = CaCO3↓ + 2NaCl
3、银离子的检验: Cl - + Ag + = AgCl ↓
4、木炭还原氧化铜: 2CuO + C 2Cu + CO2↑
5、铁片与硫酸铜溶液反应: Fe + CuSO4 = FeSO4 + Cu
6. 镁在二氧化碳中燃烧 : 2Mg + CO2 2MgO + C
一、钠
1、钠在空气中燃烧(黄色的火焰):2Na + O2 Na2O2
2、 钠块在空气中变暗 :4Na+O2=2Na2O
3、Na2O在空气中加热(变黄):2Na2O+O2 2Na2O2
4、金属锂在空气中燃烧 :4Li + O2 2Li2O
5、钠与水反应(浮、熔、游、响、红)
2Na + 2H2O = 2NaOH+ H2 ↑
2Na + 2H2O = 2Na+ + 2OH - + H2 ↑
Na2O 、Na2O2的相关反应:
6、碱性氧化物Na2O与水的反应 :Na2O+H2O=2NaOH
7、过氧化钠与水的反应(放热反应、Na2O2是强氧化剂,可用于漂白)
2Na2O2 + 2H2O = 4NaOH + O2 ↑
2Na2O2 + 2H2O = 4Na++4OH -+O2↑
8、碱性氧化物Na2O与CO2的反应Na2O + CO2 = Na2CO3
9、过氧化钠可用在呼吸面具和潜水艇中作为氧气来源(供氧剂),原因是:
2Na2O2 + 2CO2 = 2Na2CO3 + O2
10、 Na2O + SO2 = Na2SO3 Na2O2 + SO3 = Na2SO4
11、Na2O +2HCl = 2NaCl + H2O
12、2Na2O2 +4 HCl = 4 NaCl + 2 H2O + O2 ↑
14、小苏打受热分解: 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O +CO2 ↑
15、固体氢氧化钠和碳酸氢钠混合物在密闭容器中加热
NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
16、若是氢氧化钠和碳酸氢钠溶液中反应有离子方程式:
NaHCO3 + NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O HCO3-+ OH - = H2O + CO32-
17、向NaOH溶液中通入少量CO2 :2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O
18、继续通入过量CO2 :Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2 NaHCO3
总反应方程式:NaOH + CO2 = NaHCO3
19、苏打(纯碱)与盐酸反应:
①盐酸中滴加纯碱溶液
Na2CO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H2O +CO2↑ CO32- + 2H+ = H2O + CO2↑
②纯碱溶液中滴加盐酸,至过量
Na2CO3 + HCl =NaHCO3 + NaCl CO32- + H+ = HCO3-
NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2↑ HCO3-+H+ = H2O +CO2↑
20、(1)Na2CO3溶液、NaHCO3溶液与Ca(OH)2反应:
Na2CO3 +Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3↓+2 NaOH
NaHCO3 +Ca(OH)2(多)= CaCO3↓+ NaOH +H2O
2NaHCO3 +Ca(OH)2(少)= CaCO3↓+ Na2CO3 +2H2O
21、 Na2CO3溶液、NaHCO3溶液与CaCl2反应:
Na2CO3 +CaCl2 = CaCO3↓+2 Na Cl
NaHCO3溶液与CaCl2 不反应;
二、经典Al三角:
有关反应有:
22、铝与氯气反应:2Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3
23、铝片与稀盐酸反应
2Al + 6HCl = 2AlCl3 + 3H2↑ 2Al + 6H+ = 2Al3+ +3H2↑
24、铝与氢氧化钠溶液反应
2Al+2NaOH +2H2O = 2NaAlO2 +3H2↑
2Al + 2OH - +2H2O = 2AlO2- + 3H2↑
25、4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 电解熔融的氧化铝:2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2↑
26、铝与三氧化二铁高温下反应【铝热反应】:2Al + Fe2O3 2Fe + Al2O3
27、不稳定性:2Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3H2O
28、硫酸铝溶液中滴过量氨水【实验室制备Al(OH)3】
Al2(SO4)3 +6NH3•H2O=2Al(OH)3↓+(NH4)2SO4
Al3+ + 3 NH3•H2O = Al(OH)3↓+ 3NH4+
29、向NaAlO2 溶液中通入CO2
2NaAlO2 +CO2 +3H2O = 2Al(OH)3↓+ Na2CO3
2AlO2- +CO2 +3H2O = 2Al(OH)3↓+ CO32-
30、氧化铝溶于氢氧化钠溶液
Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 +H2O Al2O3 + 2OH - = 2AlO2- + H2O
31、氧化铝溶于盐酸:
Al2O3 + 6HCl = 2AlCl3 + 3 H2O Al2O3 + 6H+ = 2Al3+ +3 H2O
32、Al(OH)3溶液中加盐酸:
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl = AlCl3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3H+ = Al3+ + 3H2O
33、Al(OH)3与NaOH溶液反应:
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 +2 H2O Al(OH)3 + OH- = AlO2- +2 H2O
34、铝盐、偏铝酸盐反应生成Al(OH)3 3AlO2- +Al3+ + 6H2O = 4 Al(OH)3↓
35、铁与硫加热反应 Fe + S FeS
36、铁与氧气加热反应 3Fe+2O2 Fe3O4
37= 铁在氯气中加热反应 2Fe+3Cl2 2FeCl3
38、高温下铁与水蒸气反应 : 3Fe + 4H2O(g) Fe3O4 + 4H2
39、铁与盐酸反应:
Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2↑ Fe + 2H+ = Fe2+ + H2↑
铁的氧化物FeO 、Fe2O3 、Fe3O4溶于盐酸中:
40、FeO + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2O FeO + 2H+ = Fe2+ + H2O
41、Fe2O3 + 6HCl = 2FeCl3 + 3H2O Fe2O3 + 6H+ = 2Fe3+ + 3H2O
42、 Fe3O4 + 8HCl = FeCl2 +2FeCl3 +4H2O Fe3O4 + 8H+ =Fe2+ +2Fe3+ +4 H2O
Fe(OH)2 、Fe(OH)3 的制备:
43、 FeSO4 + 2NaOH = Fe(OH)2 ↓+Na2SO4 Fe2+ + 2OH - = Fe(OH)2 ↓
氯化铁中滴入氢氧化钠溶液(红褐色沉淀)
44、FeCl3 + 3NaOH = Fe(OH)3 ↓+3NaCl Fe3+ + 3OH - = Fe(OH)3 ↓
氢氧化亚铁在空气中被氧化(白色絮状沉淀迅速变成灰绿色,最后变为红褐色沉淀)
45、4Fe (OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O = 4Fe (OH)3
46、不稳定性:2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O
Fe2+ 、Fe3+ 之间的转化:
47、氯化亚铁溶液中通入氯气(或者加氯水)
2FeCl2 + Cl2 = 2FeCl3 2 Fe2+ + Cl2 = 2 Fe3+ + 2Cl-
48、氯化铁溶液中加入铁粉:
2FeCl3 + Fe = 3FeCl2 2Fe3+ + Fe = 3Fe2+
49、用KSCN检验Fe3+的存在:离子方程式:Fe3++3SCN-= Fe (SCN)3 (血红色)
50、印刷电路板:2FeCl3 + Cu = 2FeCl2 +CuCl2
一、无机非金属材料的主角——硅
(1)工业制单质硅(碳在高温下还原二氧化硅):
SiO2 + 2C Si + 2CO↑(硅单质的实验室制法,粗硅的制取)
(2)硅单质与氢氟酸、Si +4HF = SiF4 ↑+ 2H2↑
(3)硅单质与NaOH溶液反应:
Si + 2NaOH + H2O = Na2SiO3 +2H2↑
2、Si及其化合物:
(一)二氧化硅
(4)二氧化硅与氢氧化钠反应
SiO2 + 2NaOH = Na2SiO3 + H2O SiO2 + 2OH - = SiO32- + H2O
(5)二氧化硅与氧化钙高温反应:SiO2 + CaO CaSiO3
(6)二氧化硅与氢氟酸反应:SiO2 + 4HF = SiF4↑+ 2 H2O
(二)硅酸(H2SiO3)
(7)往硅酸钠溶液中通入二氧化碳:Na2SiO3 + CO2 + H2O = Na2CO3 + H2SiO3↓
(8)硅酸钠与盐酸反应:Na2SiO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H2SiO3(胶体)
(9)硅酸受热分解:H2SiO3 SiO2 + H2O
(10)工业制玻璃原理:SiO2 + Na2CO3 Na2SiO3 + CO2↑
SiO2 + Ca CO3 Ca SiO3 + CO2↑
二、富集在海水中的元素——氯
(一)氯气
(11)氯气实验室制法:(仪器:分液漏斗,圆底烧瓶)
MnO2 +4HCl(浓) MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O MnO2 +4H++2Cl- Mn2++Cl2↑+2H2O
2、氯气性质:
A、金属和氯气的反应:
(12)铜丝在氯气中剧烈燃烧(棕色烟):Cu + Cl2 CuCl2
之后加水,可由绿色溶液(浓)得到蓝色溶液(稀)
(13)氯气和金属钠反应:2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
(14)铁在氯气中剧烈燃烧 :2Fe + 3Cl2 3FeCl3
(15)氢气在氯气中燃烧(苍白色火焰):H2 + Cl2 2HCl
(16)氟气与氢气反应(黑暗处即可爆炸):H2+F2=2HF
B、氯气与水反应
(17)氯气溶于水(新制氯水中含H+ 、Cl -、ClO -、OH-、Cl2、HClO、H2O)
Cl2 + H2O = HCl + HClO Cl2 + H2O = H+ + Cl - + HClO
新制氯水注入盛溴化钠溶液的试管中
(18)Cl2 + 2NaBr = Br2 + 2NaCl Cl2 + 2Br- = Br2 + 2Cl-
(19)Cl2 + 2NaI = 2NaCl + I2 Cl2 +2I- =I2 + 2Cl-
(20)次氯酸见光分解(强氧化剂、杀菌消毒,漂白剂):2HClO 2HCl + O2↑
C、氯气和碱和的反应:
(21)工业制漂白粉的原理:
2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl2 =Ca(ClO)2 + CaCl2 + 2H2O
2Ca(OH)2 +2Cl2 =2Ca2++2ClO-+2Cl -+2H2O
(22)漂白粉长期置露在空气中失效的原理:
Ca(ClO)2+CO2+H2O=CaCO3↓+2HClO 2HClO HCl + O2↑
Ca2++2ClO- + CO2 + H2O =CaCO3↓+ 2HClO
(23)制漂白液(或氯气尾气处理): Cl2 +2NaOH = NaCl + NaClO + H2O
三、硫和氮的化合物:
(24)硫与非金属:S + O2 SO2 H2+ S H2S
(25)硫与金属: Fe + S FeS 2Cu + S Cu2S
(26)二氧化硫与水反应:SO2 + H2O H2SO3
(27)二氧化硫与碱性氧化物反应:SO2 + CaO = CaSO3
(28)二氧化硫与碱反应:SO2 + 2NaOH = Na2SO3 + H2O SO2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO3↓ + H2O(29)二氧化硫与硫化氢气体反应:2H2S +SO2 = 3S↓ + 2H2O
(30)二氧化硫通入氯水中:SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O = 2HCl + H2SO4 (Cl2可换作Br2、I2) (31)二氧化硫被O2氧化:2SO2 + O2 2SO3
(32)三氧化硫与水反应:SO3 + H2O = H2SO4
(33)三氧化硫与碱反应:SO3 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO4↓ + H2O
(34)工业合成氨:N2 + 3H2 2NH3
(35)氨的催化氧化 :4NH3 +5O2 4NO + 6H2O
(36)NH3在水中的反应:NH3 + H2O NH3• H2O NH4+ + OH-
(37)氨水受热分解:NH3•H2O NH3↑ + H2O
(38)实验室制取氨气:2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + 2NH3↑+ 2H2O
(39)碳酸氢铵受热分解 :NH4HCO3 NH3 ↑+ H2O↑ + CO2↑
(40)用浓盐酸检验氨气(白烟生成): HCl + NH3 = NH4Cl
(41)氯化铵受热分解:NH4Cl NH3↑ + HCl↑
(42)硫酸铵溶液与氢氧化钠溶液混合加
(NH4)2SO4 +2NaOH 2NH3↑+Na2SO4 +2H2O NH4+ + OH - NH3 ↑+ H2O
(43)硝酸铵溶液与氢氧化钠溶液混合(不加热)(检验NH4+的方法)
NH4NO3 + NaOH = NH3↑+H2O + NaNO3 NH4+ + OH- = NH3↑+H2O
(44)氮气和氧气放电下反应(雷雨发庄稼)
N2 + O2 2NO 2NO + O2 2NO2
(45)二氧化氮溶于水 :3NO2 + H2O 2HNO3 + NO
3NO2 + H2O 2H++ 2NO3-+NO
(46)NO2 、O2 的混合气通入水中无剩余气体 : 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O = 4 HNO3
(47)NO 、O2 的混合气通入水中无剩余气体 : 4NO + 3O2 + 2H2O = 4 HNO3
(48)NO、NO2的回收:NO2 + NO + 2NaOH = 2Na NO2+ H2O
5、浓硫酸、HNO3与Cu反应:
Al、Fe遇浓HNO3、浓硫酸钝化(常温)
(49)Cu与浓HNO3加热 :Cu+4HNO3 (浓)= Cu(NO3)2 +2NO2↑+ 2H2O
(50)Cu与稀HNO3反应 :3Cu+8HNO3 (稀)= 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO↑+ 4H2O
(51)铜与浓硫酸反应:Cu+2H2SO4 (浓) CuSO4 +2H2O+SO2 ↑
(52)浓硫酸与木炭反应:C+2H2SO4(浓) 2H2O+CO2↑+2SO2↑
(53)浓硝酸与木炭反应:C+4HNO3(浓) 2H2O+CO2↑+4NO2↑
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