求有关水城威尼斯的英文介绍。 水城威尼斯资料100字左右
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Venice is a beautiful city, it building water in the most unlikely build cities where waters, Venice amorous feelings always cannot leave "water", winding, floating towards to households, she just like a floating in blue waves on romantic dream, poetic long lingering aftertaste. Venice urban area of less than 7.8 square kilometers, but by 118 islands, 177 canal spiderweb as densely meantime, these islands and a canal by about 401 seat sundry bridge compose connect together. The whole city only by a connects with the Italian mainland peninsula connecting. Venice was a prosperous town, where people live in good condition. Venice of the modelling of these bridge 1000 appearance 100 condition, of different styles. Some are like good reputataion, some are like FeiHong, some grave, some small. Venice, a beautiful ancient city, attracting many visitors, exciting!
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VeniceFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Venice (disambiguation).
Comune di Venezia
Municipal coat of arms
Country Italy
Region Veneto
Province Venice (VE)
Mayor Massimo Cacciari (since April 18, 2005)
Elevation 0 m (0 ft)
Area 412 km² (159.1 sq mi)
Population (as of 2004)
- Total 271,252
- Density 658/km² (1,704/sq mi)
Time zone CET, UTC+1
Coordinates 45°26′N 12°19′E / 45.433°N 12.317°E / 45.433; 12.317Coordinates: 45°26′N 12°19′E / 45.433°N 12.317°E / 45.433; 12.317
Gentilic Veneziani
Dialing code 041
Postal code 30100
Frazioni Chirignago, Favaro Veneto, Mestre, Marghera, Murano, Burano, Giudecca, Lido, Zelarino
Patron St. Mark the Evangelist
- Day April 25
Website: www.comune.venezia.it
Venice and its Lagoon*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List.
** Region as classified by UNESCO.
Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of the region Veneto, a population of 271,251 (census estimate January 1, 2004). Together with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area (population 1,600,000). Venice has been known as the "La Dominante", "Serenissima", "Queen of the Adriatic", "City of Water", "City of Bridges", and "The City of Light". It is often cited as one of the most beautiful cities in the world.[1]
The city stretches across 118 small islands in the marshy Venetian Lagoon along the Adriatic Sea in northeast Italy. The saltwater lagoon stretches along the shoreline between the mouths of the Po (south) and the Piave (north) Rivers. The population estimate of 272,000 inhabitants includes the population of the whole Comune of Venezia; around 62,000 in the historic city of Venice (Centro storico); 176,000 in Terraferma (the Mainland), mostly in the large frazione of Mestre and Marghera; and 31,000 live on other islands in the lagoon.
The Venetian Republic was a major maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as a very important center of commerce (especially silk, grain and spice trade) and art in the 13th century up to the end of the 17th century.
Etymology
The name is connected with the people known as the Veneti, perhaps the same as the Eneti (Ενετοί) mentioned by Homer. The meaning of the word is uncertain. Connections with the Latin verb 'venire' (to come).A connection with the Latin word venetus, meaning 'sea-blue', is possible.
[edit] Origins and history
While there are no historical records that deal directly with the origins of Venice, the available evidence has led several historians to agree that the original population of Venice comprised refugees from Roman cities such as Padua, Aquileia, Altino and Concordia (modern Portogruaro) who were fleeing successive waves of Germanic invasions and Huns.[2] Some late Roman sources reveal the existence of fishermen on the islands in the original marshy lagoons. They were referred to as incola lacunae (lagoon dwellers).
Beginning in 166-168, the Quadi and Marcomanni destroyed the main center in the area, the current Oderzo. The Roman defences were again overthrown in the early 5th century by the Visigoths and, some 50 years later, by the Huns led by Attila. The last and most enduring irruption was that of the Lombards in 568. This left the Eastern Roman Empire a small strip of coast in current Veneto, and the main administrative and religious entities were therefore transferred to this remaining dominion. New ports were built, including those at Malamocco and Torcello in the Venetian lagoon.
The Byzantine domination of central and northern Italy was subsequently largely eliminated by the conquest of the Exarchate of Ravenna in 751 by Aistulf. During this period, the seat of the local Byzantine governor (the "duke/doux", later "doge") was situated in Malamocco. Settlement across the islands in the lagoon probably increased in correspondence with the Lombard conquest of the Byzantine territories.
In 775-776, the bishopric seat of Olivolo (Helipolis) was created. During the reign of duke Agnello Particiaco (811-827) the ducal seat was moved from Malamocco to the highly protected Rialto (Rivoalto, "High Shore") island, the current location of Venice. The monastery of St. Zachary and the first ducal palace and basilica of St. Mark, as well as a walled defense (civitatis murus) between Olivolo and Rialto were subsequently built here.
In 828, the new city's prestige was raised by the theft of the relics of St. Mark the Evangelist from Alexandria, which were placed in the new basilica. The patriarchal seat was also moved to Rialto. As the community continued to develop and as Byzantine power waned, it led to the growth of autonomy and eventual independence.
Piazza San Marco in Venice, with St Mark's Campanile in the background.
These Horses of Saint Mark are a replica of the Triumphal Quadriga captured in Constantinople in 1204 and carried to Venice as a trophy.
[edit] Expansion
From the ninth to the twelfth century Venice developed into a city state (an Italian thalassocracy or Repubblica Marinara, the other three being Genoa, Pisa, and Amalfi). Its strategic position at the head of the Adriatic made Venetian naval and commercial power almost invulnerable. The city became a flourishing trade center between Western Europe and the rest of the world (especially the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic world).
In the 12th century the foundations of Venice's power were laid: the Venetian Arsenal was under construction in 1104; the last autocratic doge, Vitale Michiele, died in 1172.
The Republic of Venice seized a number of locations on the eastern shores of the Adriatic before 1200, mostly for commercial reasons, because pirates based there were a menace to trade. The Doge already carried the titles of Duke of Dalmatia and Duke of Istria. Later mainland possessions, which extended across Lake Garda as far west as the Adda River, were known as the "Terraferma", and were acquired partly as a buffer against belligerent neighbours, partly to guarantee Alpine trade routes, and partly to ensure the supply of mainland wheat, on which the city depended. In building its maritime commercial empire, the Republic dominated the trade in salt,[3] acquired control of most of the islands in the Aegean, including Cyprus and Crete, and became a major power-broker in the Near East. By the standards of the time, Venice's stewardship of its mainland territories was relatively enlightened and the citizens of such towns as Bergamo, Brescia and Verona rallied to the defence of Venetian sovereignty when it was threatened by invaders.
Venice remained closely associated with Byzantium, being twice granted trading privileges in the Empire, through the co-called Golden Bulls or 'chrysobulls' in return for aiding the Eastern Empire to resist Norman and Turkish incursions. In the first chrysobull Venice acknowledged its homage to the Empire but not in the second, reflecting the decline of Byzantium and the rise of Venice's power.[4][5]
Venice became an imperial power following the Fourth Crusade, which seized Constantinople in 1204 and established the Latin Empire; Venice itself carved out a sphere of influence known as the Duchy of the Archipelago. This seizure of Constantinople would ultimately prove as decisive a factor in ending the Byzantine Empire as the loss of the Anatolian themes after Manzikert. Though the Byzantines recovered control of the ravaged city a half century later, the Byzantine Empire was greatly weakened, and existed as a ghost of its old self, struggling on with the help, among other things, of loans from Venice (never repaid) until Sultan Mehmet The Conqueror took the city in 1453. Considerable Byzantine plunder was brought back to Venice, including the gilt bronze horses which were placed above the entrance to St Mark's cathedral.
View of San Giorgio Maggiore Island from St. Mark's Campanile.Situated on the Adriatic Sea, Venice traded with the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim world extensively. By the late thirteenth century, Venice was the most prosperous city in all of Europe. At the peak of its power and wealth, it had 36,000 sailors operating 3,300 ships, dominating Mediterranean commerce. During this time, Venice's leading families vied with each other to build the grandest palaces and support the work of the greatest and most talented artists. The city was governed by the Great Council, which was made up of members of the most influential families in Venice. The Great Council appointed all public officials and elected a Senate of 200 to 300 individuals. Since this group was too large for efficient administration, a Council of Ten (also called the Ducal Council or the Signoria), controlled much of the administration of the city. One member of the great council was elected "Doge", or duke, the ceremonial head of the city, who normally held the title until his death.
The Venetian governmental structure was similar in some ways to the republican system of ancient Rome, with an elected chief executive (the Doge), a senate-like assembly of nobles, and a mass of citizens with limited political power, who originally had the power to grant or withhold their approval of each newly elected Doge. Church and various private properties were tied to military service, though there was no knight tenure within the city itself. The Cavalieri di San Marco was the only order of chivalry ever instituted in Venice, and no citizen could accept or join a foreign order without the government's consent. Venice remained a republic throughout its independent period and politics and the military were kept separate, except when on occasion the Doge personally headed the military. War was regarded as a continuation of commerce by other means (hence, the city's early production of large numbers of mercenaries for service elsewhere, and later its reliance on foreign mercenaries when the ruling class was preoccupied with commerce).
Palazzo Contarini del Bovolo.The chief executive was the Doge, who theoretically held his elective office for life. In practice, several Doges were forced by pressure from their oligarchical peers to resign the office and retire into monastic seclusion when they were felt to have been discredited by perceived political failure.
Though the people of Venice generally remained orthodox Roman Catholics, the state of Venice was notable for its freedom from religious fanaticism and it enacted not a single execution for religious heresy during the Counter-Reformation. This apparent lack of zeal contributed to Venice's frequent conflicts with the Papacy. Venice was threatened with the interdict on a number of occasions and twice suffered its imposition. The second, most famous, occasion was on April 27, 1509, by order of Pope Julius II (see League of Cambrai).
Venetian ambassadors sent home still-extant secret reports of the politics and rumours of European courts, providing fascinating information to modern historians.
The newly-invented German printing press spread rapidly throughout Europe in the fifteenth century, and Venice was quick to adopt it. By 1482 Venice was the printing capital of the world, and the leading printer was Aldus Manutius, who invented the concept of paperback books that could be carried in a saddlebag. His Aldine Editions included translations of nearly all the known Greek manuscripts of the era.[6]
Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of the region Veneto, and has a population of 271,251 (census estimate January 1, 2004). Together with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area (population 1,600,000). Venice has been known as the "La Dominante", "Serenissima", "Queen of the Adriatic", "City of Water", "City of Bridges", and "The City of Light". It is considered by many to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
The city stretches across 118 small islands in the marshy Venetian Lagoon along the Adriatic Sea in northeast Italy. The saltwater lagoon stretches along the shoreline between the mouths of the Po (south) and the Piave (north) Rivers. The population estimate of 272,000 inhabitants includes the population of the whole Comune of Venezia; around 62,000 in the historic city of Venice (Centro storico); 176,000 in Terraferma (the Mainland), mostly in the large frazione of Mestre and Marghera; and 31,000 live on other islands in the lagoon.
The Venetian Republic was a major maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as a very important center of commerce (especially silk, grain and spice trade) and art in the 13th century up to the end of the 17th century.
Venice
Italian City, capital of Veneto region, northern Italy.
Built on the lagoon of Venice, it encompasses some 118 islands, the whole 90-mi (145-km) perimeter of the lagoon, and two industrial mainland boroughs. Refugees from northern invasions of the mainland founded settlements in the 5th century AD that were built uniquely on islands as protection against raids. Venice was a vassal of the Byzantine Empire until the 10th century. Beginning with control of a trading route to the Levant, it emerged from the Fourth Crusade (1202–04) as ruler of a colonial empire which included Crete, Euboea, Cyclades, the Ionian Islands, and footholds in Morea and Epirus. In 1381 it defeated Genoa after a century-long struggle for commercial supremacy in the Levant and eastern Mediterranean. In the 15th century, with the acquisition of neighbouring regions, the Venetian Republic became an extensive Italian state. It gradually lost its eastern possessions to Ottoman Turks, with whom Venice fought intermittently from the 15th to the 18th century; it gave up its last hold in the Aegean in 1715. The republic dissolved and the territory was ceded to Austria in 1797. Incorporated into Napoleon's kingdom of Italy in 1805, it was restored to Austria in 1815. A revolt against Austria (1848–49) eventually resulted in Venice being ceded to Italy in 1866. It suffered little damage during World War II, but flooding along its many miles of canals caused severe damage in 1966. The waters of the lagoon rise and flood the city on a regular basis, complicating efforts to preserve its architecture, which includes representations of Italian, Arabic, Byzantine, and Renaissance styles. There are some 450 palaces and homes of major historic importance in Venice. Notable among its 400 bridges is the Bridge of Sighs (built с 800) and among its churches is St. Mark's Basilica. Most of the city's workers find employment in tourism and related industries, though the city also plays a key market role within the vibrant economic system of the Veneto region.
意大利北部主要港口，威尼托区的首府。建于威尼斯潟湖上，周围长145千米，包含118个岛屿和2个工业城镇。公元5世纪，许多大陆居民为躲避北部入侵者在潟湖诸岛定居。10世纪时是拜占廷帝国的属国。由于地处黎凡特商路的要冲，自第四次十字军(1202～1204)时期开始兴起，成为包括克里特、埃维亚、基克拉泽斯和爱奥尼亚群岛在内的一个殖民帝国的统治者，也是摩里亚采邑和伊庇鲁其采邑的据点。1381年在长达一个世纪的争夺黎凡特和东地中海商业优势的斗争中挫败了热那亚。15世纪，威尼斯共和国在取得邻近地区之后，成为一个疆域广大的意大利城郭。15～18世纪期间，威尼斯在与奥斯曼土耳其的断续战争中逐渐丢失了东部的属地。1715年放弃了爱琴海上的最后一个据点。1797年威尼斯共和国解体，其领土割给奥地利。1805年并入拿破仑的意大利王国，1815年复归奥地利。1848～1849年反抗奥地利的叛乱结束后，又归意大利(1866)。第二次世界大战期间遭受破坏不大。市内有多条运河贯穿，1966年遭受洪灾。20世纪后期，全面努力控制市内的洪水和保护市内的建筑。威尼斯建筑具有意大利、拜占廷、哥特、阿拉伯和巴罗克式建筑的风格。有艺术、历史名胜约450处。包括著名的教堂圣马可教堂、宫殿、博物馆、艺术馆和剧院等。市里约有400座桥梁，其中叹息桥最著名，建于公元800年左右。主要经济活动为旅游业及其相关的工业，在活跃的威尼托地区经济体系中起着主要的市场作用。
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绛旓細绱犳湁鈥滀簹寰楅噷浜氭捣鏄庣彔鈥濅箣绉扮殑濞佸凹鏂(鑻辨枃:venice 銆佹剰澶у埄鏂:venezia) 鍥涘懆鐜捣,浣嶄簬鎰忓ぇ鍒╀笢鍖楅儴浜氬緱閲屼簹娴锋花鐨勫▉绾虫墭鐪(Veneto)銆備粠鍦板浘涓婄湅,濞佸凹鏂豢浣涗竴棰楅暥宓屽湪缇庡闀块澊闈磋叞涓婄殑姘存櫠,鍦ㄤ簹寰楅噷浜氭捣鐨勬尝娑涗腑鐔犵啝鐢熻緣銆傘濞佸凹鏂殑鍘嗗彶鍜屽湴鐞嗐戝▉灏兼柉鏄竴涓編涓界殑鍩庡競,瀹冨缓绛戝湪鏈涓嶅彲鑳藉缓閫犲煄甯傜殑鍦版柟銆傝繖涓...
绛旓細濞佸凹鏂嫳鏂鏄痸enice銆傚▉灏兼柉鏄剰澶у埄涓滃寳閮ㄨ憲鍚嶇殑鏃呮父涓庡伐涓氬煄甯傦紝涔熸槸濞佸凹鎵樺湴鍖猴紙濞佸唴鎵樺ぇ鍖猴級鐨勯搴溿1987骞达紝琚垪鍏ャ婁笘鐣岄仐浜у悕褰曘嬨傚▉灏兼柉甯傚尯娑电洊鎰忓ぇ鍒╀笢鍖楅儴浜氬緱閲屼簹娴锋部宀哥殑濞佸凹鏂痏婀栫殑118涓汉宸ュ矝灞垮拰閭昏繎涓涓汉宸ュ崐宀涳紝鏇存湁117鏉℃按閬撶旱妯氦鍙夈傚▉灏兼柉鍏跺缓绛戙佺粯鐢汇侀洉濉戙佹瓕鍓х瓑鍦ㄤ笘鐣屾湁鐫鏋佸叾閲嶈...
绛旓細濞佸凹鏂競鍖烘兜鐩栨剰澶у埄涓滃寳閮ㄤ簹寰楅噷浜氭捣娌垮哺鐨勫▉灏兼柉娼熸箹鐨118涓汉宸ュ矝灞垮拰閭昏繎涓涓汉宸ュ崐宀,鏇存湁117鏉℃按閬撶旱妯氦鍙夈傝繖涓捀姘存綗婀栧垎甯冨湪娉㈡渤涓庣毊浜氶煢娌充箣闂寸殑娴峰哺绾裤 4. 浠嬬粛姘村煄濞佸凹鏂殑鏅壊鑻辫 鎰忓ぇ鍒╂按鍩庡▉灏兼柉姝ｅ湪娓愭笎涓嬫矇.鐢变簬闀挎湡琚按娴告场,鍦ｉ┈鍙箍鍦恒侀殢澶勫彲瑙佺殑闆曞儚鍜屾暀鍫傚澹佺暀涓嬬殑鏂戞枒姹℃笉,杩欏湪鏃跺埢鎻愰啋鐫浜...
绛旓細涓浗鏃ユ姤缃戠珯娑堟伅锛氭彁璧姘村煄濞佸凹鏂锛屼笉绂佷护浜烘兂璧疯帋缈佺瑪涓嬬殑濞佸凹鏂晢浜哄拰钁楀悕鐨勬梾琛屽椹彲路娉㈢綏銆傝繖搴т妇涓栭椈鍚嶇殑灏忓煄浣嶄簬鎰忓ぇ鍒╀笢鍖楅儴銆佺背鍏颁互涓 160鑻遍噷锛岀礌鏈夆滀簹寰楅噷浜氭捣鏄庣彔鈥濅箣绉般傜劧鑰岋紝缁氱儌濡傜悏鐠冦佽剢寮卞铦夌考鐨勫▉灏兼柉鍗村湪鍏ㄤ笘鐣屼汉鐨勭洰鍏変腑浠ユ儕浜虹殑閫熷害涓嶆柇涓嬫矇銆備负浜嗘尳鏁戝煄甯備笉琚捣姘存饭娌★紝绉戝瀹朵滑...
绛旓細濞佸凹鏂強鍏舵郴婀 鑻辨枃鍚嶇О:Venice and its Lagoon銆 姘村煄濞佸凹鏂巻鍙叉枃鍖,鐗硅壊寤虹瓚涓庡綋鍦板湴鐞嗙幆澧浠嬬粛 濞佸凹鏂槸涓涓編涓界殑鍩庡競,瀹冨缓绛戝湪鏈涓嶅彲鑳藉缓閫犲煄甯傜殑鍦版柟銆傝繖涓潰绉彧鏈変笉鍒7.8骞虫柟鍏噷鐨勫煄甯,涓搴︽浘鎻℃湁鍏ㄦ娲叉渶寮哄ぇ鐨勪汉鍔涖佺墿鍔涘拰鏉冨娍銆濞佸凹鏂殑鍘嗗彶鐩镐紶寮濮嬩簬鍏厓453骞;褰撴椂杩欎釜鍦版柟鐨勫啘姘戝拰娓旀皯涓洪冮伩閰峰棞鍒鍏...
绛旓細婢抽棬娌℃湁鈥濞佸凹鏂按鍩鈥濓紝鍙湁涓涓滄境闂ㄥ▉灏兼柉浜哄害鍋囨潙/閰掑簵鈥濓紝鍏鑻辨枃鍚嶇О鏄疶he Venetian Macao銆俻engqian20鐨勭炕璇戝皻闈犺氨锛寊hufu376214080鐨勭炕璇戞牴鏈氨鏄儭鎵
绛旓細鏇存湁117鏉℃按閬撶旱妯氦鍙夈傝繖涓捀姘確婀栧垎甯冨湪娉㈡渤涓庣毊浜氶煢娌充箣闂寸殑娴峰哺绾裤2銆1987骞达紝琚垪鍏ャ婁笘鐣岄仐浜у悕褰曘嬨3銆濞佸凹鏂鍏跺缓绛戙佺粯鐢汇侀洉濉戙佹瓕鍓х瓑鍦ㄤ笘鐣屾湁鐫鏋佸叾閲嶈鐨勫湴浣嶅拰褰卞搷銆傚▉灏兼柉鏈夆滃洜姘磋岀敓锛屽洜姘磋岀編锛屽洜姘磋屽叴鈥濈殑缇庤獕锛屼韩鏈夆滄按鍩庘濃滄按涓婇兘甯傗濃滅櫨宀涘煄鈥濈瓑缇庣О銆
绛旓細鍏充簬涓栫晫鍚嶅煄鐨浠嬬粛 20 灏辨槸鍏充簬閭ｄ簺鏈夐泤绉扮殑鍚嶅煄浠嬬粛,(濡傗滅嫯鍩庘濇柊鍔犲潯銆佲滄按鍩庘濞佸凹鏂...)瑕佽鏄庨泤绉扮殑鏉ュ巻!!!濂界殑鍔犲垎!!!... 灏辨槸鍏充簬閭ｄ簺鏈夐泤绉扮殑鍚嶅煄浠嬬粛,(濡傗滅嫯鍩庘濇柊鍔犲潯銆佲滄按鍩庘濆▉灏兼柉...)瑕佽鏄庨泤绉扮殑鏉ュ巻!!!濂界殑鍔犲垎!!! 灞曞紑 6涓洖绛 #鐑# 璇ヤ笉璇ヨ瀛╁瓙寰堟棭瀛︿範浜烘儏涓栨晠? 澶уご...
