跪求09专八听力阅读理解试题题目
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Section A
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General knowledge
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Cell phone has altered human relations. There is usually a note on the door of conference room, which reads \u201cclose your handset|.\u201d However, the rings are still resounding in the room. We are all common people and has few urgencies to do. Still, we are reluctant to turn off the phone. Cell phone symbolizes our connection with the world and reflects our \u201cthirst for socialization.\u201d We are familiar with the scene when a person stops his steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at his phone, disregard of his location, whether in road center or beside restroom.
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China's State Administration of Radio Film and Television (SARFT) recently issued a notice banning domestic radio and TV stations from translating foreign radio and TV programmes into any local dialect. The notice said that such dialect translation contradicts the national initiative to promote Putonghua, or Mandarin, around the country. Foreign programmes that have been translated into dialects must be removed from television and radio immediately. The notice evoked a mixed response from experts and audio and video producers, as well as the general public. Many voiced their concerns that local dialects would be fornidden in public places. Mandarian, which means \u201ccommon language\u201d, is the country's predominant language and is widely used by more than 70 percent of the population. However, local dialects still enjoy pupularity for relatively less-educated people in some occasions. The dialects do make unique role and should be tolerated for existence in public places.
Though promoted widely in public places, dialects are acceptable in public places. First, it is more than a mere tool for communication. It is, most importantly, the messenger of its respective culture. If the dialect was eliminated from daily use, the culture will be broken. Second, Mandarian can absorb the elit part of local dialect to enrich its vovabulary and usuge. This is the perfection of Mandartian from thousands of years blend and contact. The dialects can also be popular in the public. Along with the famous short play by comic actors in NE China, the local dialect came into the splotlight, and enjoyed more pupulatity throughout China. Such a cultural phenomenon represents the audience an attitude to local dialects which cater to the taste of the majority. Third, dialect is the only mean of communication to some undereducated local people. If local dialects are fobbiden in the public places, they can not communicate.
To sum up, local dialects should be tolerated in public places for its unique role which Mandarian can not substitute. We should guartee its survival because dialects stand for our spiritual land. From a long-term perspective, dialects should not and would not be wiped out. There is no need for any purposeful and deliberate attempt to protect dialects. Just let dialects take their natural course. The best way to protect a dialect is to use it in daily life and pass it down from generation to generation
Today we'll discuss some preliminaries concerning how to write experimental reports.
When you first signed up for a course in university, like a psychology course, chances are that you didn't really expect what was coming in your study, particularly, the course emphasis on methodology and statistics. For a few of you, this may have come as a pleasant surprise, provided that you would’ve already known something about the course. For most, however, I dare say, it will undoubtedly have been a shock to the system. No doubt in other parts of your course study, you will read books and journals, examining, critically, models and theories, assumptions and hypotheses put forward by scholars and specialists. My task today is to help you understand some of the important features of experimental reports, because you will have to write up some kind of report of this nature if your course gives prominence to practical work, especially experimenting.
Then what is an experimental report? All the report is, really, is a place in which you tell the story of your study, like what you did, why you did it, what you found out in the process and so on. In doing this, you're more like an ancient story teller, whose stories were structured in accordance with widely recognized and long established conventions than a modern novelist who is free to dictate form as well as content. Moreover, like the story teller of old, although you will be invariably telling your story to someone who knows quite a bit about it already, you are expected to present it as if it had never been heard before. This means that you will need to spell out all the details and assume little knowledge of the area on the part of your audience. Then, perhaps, you may ask, what is the nature of the conventions governing the report? A clue, I think, can be found in its basic structure. A highly structured and disciplined report is written in sections, and these sections, by and large, follow an established sequence. What this means is that, in the telling, your story is to be cut up into chunks. Different parts of the story are to appear in different places in the report. What you did and why you did it appear in the section called introduction. How you did it is in the method section. And what you found out is in the result section. And, finally, what you think it shows appears in the discussion part. As you can see, the report, therefore, is a formal document composed of a series of sections in which specific information is expected to appear. We will discuss precise conventions governing each section as we go along.
For example, what are the subsections in the method? But today, I will introduce to you certain general rules straight away. The first of these concerns: the person to whom you should address your report, whom I should call your reader. A very common mistake, especially early on, is to assume that your reader is the person who will be marking the report. In reality, however, the marker will be assessing your report on behalf of someone else — an idealized, hypothetical person who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your study and the area in which it took place. Your marker will, therefore, be checking to see that you have written your report with this sort of reader in mind. So you need to make sure that you have, one, introduced the reader to the area relevant to your study; two, provided the reader with the background necessary to understand what you did and why you did it; three, spelt out and developed your arguments clearly; four, defined technical terms; and five, provided precise details of the ways in which you went about collecting and analyzing the data that you obtained. In short, you should write for someone who knows little about your area of study, taking little for granted about your reader's knowledge of your area of study. So when in doubt, spell it out. This is my advice to you.
If you find this difficult to do, then a useful approach is to write the report as if it would be read by someone you know who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your subject. A friend of yours, say. Write it as if this person were going to have to read and understand it. Indeed, it is a good idea, if you can, to get just such a person to read your report before handing it in. The demands and expectations placed upon you will of course, vary with your experience of report writing. Early on in your study, as an author of experimental reports, less will be expected of you than later. At this early stage, you will be expected mainly to show that you understand what you did in your report and its implications, together with evidence that you have, at least a basic grasp of the demands of the report's format. Later on, however, you will be expected to pay more attention to this research's significance of what you did. The “why you did it” part will become more important because in being responsible for the choice of topic and design, you will be expected to be able to justify this choice. So you must be able to tell us why it is, that given the options available to you, you decided to conduct your particular study. You will need, therefore, to develop the habit of thinking of how the ideas that you're entertaining for your experiment or study will look in the report, paying particular attention to how they will fit into the part of introduction. Specific dangers that you must watch out for here are, first, a lack of adequate material to put in the section; and second, the undertaking of a project that lacks any research justification, because it is based on assumptions that are contradicted by existing findings in the area. Thinking clearly in advance will help you to avoid making these mistakes.
OK. Today we've had a brief look at the format of an experimental report, what each section is about and some of the basic issues like reader awareness so on and so forth. Next time, we will discuss how to write up the introduction section.
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