Stephen William Hawking(霍金）生平的英文叙述！ 求stephen hawking（史蒂芬霍金）的英文资料
\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecdStephen William Hawking CH CBE FRS FRSA (8 January 1942 \u2013 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author, who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death.He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009.
Hawking achieved commercial success with several works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general. His book A Brief History of Time appeared on the British Sunday Times best-seller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. Hawking was a fellow of the Royal Society (FRS), a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2002, Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.
His scientific works included a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation, often called Hawking radiation. Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. He was a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.
Hawking had a rare early-onset slow-progressing form of motor neurone disease (also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis "ALS" or Lou Gehrig's disease) that gradually paralysed him over the decades.Even after the loss of his speech, he was still able to communicate through a speech-generating device, initially through use of a hand-held switch, and eventually by using a single cheek muscle. He died on 14 March 2018 at the age of 76.
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1963\u5e74\uff0c\u970d\u91d121\u5c81\u65f6\u60a3\u4e0a\u808c\u8089\u840e\u7f29\u6027\u4fa7\u7d22\u786c\u5316\u75c7\uff08\u5362\u4f3d\u96f7\u6c0f\u75c7\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u8eab\u762b\u75ea\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8a00\u8bed\uff0c\u624b\u90e8\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u6839\u624b\u6307\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d3b\u52a8\u30021979\u81f32009\u5e74\u4efb\u5362\u5361\u65af\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u548c\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7684\u5947\u6027\u5b9a\u7406\u548c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u9762\u79ef\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9ed1\u6d1e\u84b8\u53d1\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u65e0\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u970d\u91d1\u5b87\u5b99\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u7edf\u4e0020\u4e16\u7eaa\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u548c\u666e\u6717\u514b\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u8d70\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u83b7\u5f97CH\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\u8363\u8a89\u52cb\u7235\uff09\u3001CBE\uff08\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f8\u4ee4\u52cb\u7ae0\uff09\u3001FRS\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\uff09\u3001FRSA\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u827a\u672f\u534f\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\uff09\u7b49\u8363\u8a89\u3002
2012\u5e744\u67086\u65e5\u64ad\u51fa\u7684\u70ed\u64ad\u7f8e\u5267\u300a\u751f\u6d3b\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u5b63\u7b2c21\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\u672c\u8272\u51fa\u6f14\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u5ba2\u4e32\u30022017\u5e74\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fdBBC\u5f55\u5236\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u300a\u63a2\u7d22\u65b0\u5730\u7403\u300b\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d111\u67086\u65e5\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u6709\u671b\u9006\u8f6c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6d88\u9664\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u3002
2017\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u9884\u8a002600\u5e74\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u6216\u5c06\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u706b\u7403\u201d\u3002
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\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\uff08Stephen William Hawking\uff09\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u53ca\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u4eab\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u76db\u8a89\u7684\u4f1f\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u751f\u4e8e1942\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\u7684\u970d\u91d1\u521a\u597d\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u901d\u4e16300\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\u4e4b\u65f6\u300270\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5f6d\u7f57\u65af\u4e00\u9053\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5947\u6027\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e861988\u5e74\u7684\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u7269\u7406\u5956\u3002\u4ed6\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u7ee7\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e4b\u540e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u548c\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002
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About Stephen - A Brief History of Mine
Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father's old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.
Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.
Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science.
His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W Israel. Stephen Hawking has two popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, and his later book, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.
Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and one grandchild), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel and public lectures.
In 1968 he joined the staff of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and began to apply the laws of thermodynamics to black holes by means of very complicated mathematics. He published the very technical book, Large Scale Structure of Space-Time but soon afterwards made a startling discovery. It had always been thought that nothing could escape a black hole; Hawking suggested that under certain conditions, a black hole could emit subatomic particles. That is now know as Hawking Radiation. He continued working on the theory of the origin of the universe, and in doing so found ways to link relativity (gravity) with quantum mechanics (the inner workings of atoms). This contributed enormously to what physicists call Grand Unified Theory, a way of explaining, in one equation, all physical matter in the universe.
At the remarkably young age of 32, he was named a fellow of the Royal Society. He received the Albert Einstein Award, the most prestigious in theoretical physics. And in 1979, he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, the same post held by Sir Isaac Newton 300 years earlier. There he began to question the big bang theory, which by then most had accepted. Perhaps, he suggested, there was never a start and would be no end, but just change -- a constant transition of one "universe" giving way to another through glitches in space-time. All the while, he was digging into exploding black holes, string theory, and the birth of black holes in our own galaxy.
In 1988 Hawking wrote A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes , explaining the evolution of his thinking about the cosmos for a general audience. It became a best-seller of long standing and established his reputation as an accessible genius. He wrote other popular articles and appeared in movies and television. He remains extremely busy, his work hardly slowed by Lou Gehrig's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease that affects muscle control) for which he uses a wheelchair and speaks through a computer and voice synthesizer.
"My goal is simple. It is complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all."
有的是引用的,有的是查的,一部分是我写的,总之搞了好久,哈哈哈哈哈哈
Stephen Huo Jin was born in 1942 , got the physics doctorate , did research work in British Cambridge University. Have already while getting 21 years old ago perceived, He unavoidably fell down once getting about. Though she suffers from the serious encephalopathic day by day, he decide that continues being engaged in the research and writing. Speaking , read and writing that oneself can even if will have fingers of a hand that can move about in the future that he must find the method to make. That " time biref history " of his became the best seller in 1988.
翻译：斯蒂芬·霍金1942年出生，获得过物理学博士学位，在英国剑桥大学作过研究工作。到21岁的时候就已经察觉到，他一走动就难免摔倒。虽然她患有日趋严重的脑病，但是他决定继续从事研究和写作。他必须找到办法使自己即使今后有一只手的手指能够活动也能讲话、阅读和写作。他的那本《时间简史》在1988年成了畅销书。
Stephen Huo Jin was born in 1942 , got the physics doctorate , did research work in British Cambridge University. Have already while getting 21 years old ago perceived, He unavoidably fell down once getting about. Though she suffers from the serious encephalopathic day by day, he decide that continues being engaged in the research and writing. Speaking , read and writing that oneself can even if will have fingers of a hand that can move about in the future that he must find the method to make. That " time biref history " of his became the best seller in 1988.
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