谁能帮我总结初中语法
\u8c01\u80fd\u5e2e\u6211\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u521d\u4e2d\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u989d\u5728\u590d\u5408\u53e5\u4e2d\u7528\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u53eb\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002 1\uff0e\u8bed\u5e8f \u65e0\u8bba\u4e3b\u53e5\u662f\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5\u8fd8\u662f\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u5e8f\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4e3b\u53e5\uff0b\u8fde\u8bcd\uff0b\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff08\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0b\u8c13\u8bed\uff0b\u2026\u2026\uff09\u201d\u53e5\u5f0f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u6240\u62c5\u4efb\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u79cd\uff1a 1\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\uff0b\u8c13\u8bed\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u6709\uff1a who\uff0cwhat\uff0cwhich\u7b49\u3002\u5982\uff1a Could you tell me who knows the answer\uff0cplease\uff1f\u4f60\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u8c01\u77e5\u9053\u7b54\u6848\u5417\uff1f The small children don't know what is in their stockings\uff0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u889c\u5b50\u91cc\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\uff1f 2\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\uff0b\u540d\u8bcd\uff0b\u8c13\u8bed\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u5b9a\u8bed\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u6709\uff1awhose\uff0cwhat\uff0cwhich\uff0chow many\uff0chow much\u7b49\u3002\u5982\uff1a He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class\uff0e\u4ed6\u95ee\u6211\u4eec\u73ed\u4e0a\u8c01\u7684\u4e66\u6cd5\u6700\u597d\u3002 The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room\uff0e\u8001\u5e08\u95ee\u6211\u4eec\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u3002 3\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\uff0b\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0b\u8c13\u8bed\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u3001\u72b6\u8bed\u6216\u8868\u8bed\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u6709\uff1awho\uff08m\uff09\uff0cwhat\uff0cwhich\uff0chow many\uff0chow much\uff0c when\uff0cwhy\uff0chow\uff0cwhere\uff0cif \uff0fwhether\uff08\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5145\u5f53\u4efb\u4f55\u6210\u5206\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u5982\uff1a He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi\uff0e\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u53bb\u65e0\u9521\u65c5\u884c\u3002 Could you tell me what I should do with the money \uff1f\u4f60\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u7b14\u94b1\u5417\uff1f 4\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\uff0b\u540d\u8bcd\uff0b\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0b\u8c13\u8bed\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u6216\u8868\u8bed\u7684\u5b9a\u8bed\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u6709\uff1awhat\uff0cwhich\uff0chow many\uff0chow much\uff0chow\u7b49\u3002\u5982\uff1a Do you know which class he is in \uff1f\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u73ed\u5417\uff1f She asked me if I knew whose pen it was\uff0e\u5979\u95ee\u6211\u662f\u5426\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u662f\u8c01\u7684\u94a2\u7b14\u3002 2\uff0e\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd 1\uff09\u5f53\u7531\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5\u5145\u5f53\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u7528that\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0cthat\u65e0\u8bcd\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u53e3\u8bed\u6216\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6587\u4f53\u4e2d\u5e38\u7701\u7565\u3002\u5982\uff1a He said that he could finish his work before supper\uff0e\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5728\u665a\u996d\u524d\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 2\uff09\u5f53\u7531\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u5145\u5f53\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u7528if\u6216whether\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u662f\u5426\u201d\u3002\u5982\uff1a I don't know if \uff0fwhether he still lives here after so many years\uff0e\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u5e74\u540e\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u4f4f\u5728\u8fd9\u513f\u3002 \u4f46\u5728\u4e0b\u5217\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ea\u80fd\u7528whether\uff1a \u2460\u5728\u5177\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53c8\u6709or\u6216or not\u65f6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0eor not\u8fde\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u7528whether\uff08if\u2026or not\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5982\uff1a Let me know whether \uff0fif he will come or not\uff0e\uff08\uff1dLet me know whether or not he will come\uff09\u8ba9\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6765\u3002 I don't know whether \uff0fif he does any washing or not\uff0e\uff08\uff1dI don't know whether or not he does any washing\uff0e\uff09\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u6d17\u4e0d\u6d17\u8863\u670d\u3002 I wonder whether we stay or whether wego\uff0e\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u53bb\u8fd8\u662f\u7559\u3002 \u2461\u5728\u4ecb\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u7528whether\u3002\u5982\uff1a I'm interested in whether he likes English\uff0e\u6211\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u559c\u6b22\u82f1\u8bed\u3002 We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time\uff0e\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u8003\u8651\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6309\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings\uff0e\u6211\u62c5\u5fc3\u662f\u5426\u4f24\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3002 \u2462\u5728\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u524d\u7528whether\u3002\u5982\uff1a He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man\uff0e\u4ed6\u5c1a\u672a\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u62dc\u8bbf\u90a3\u4f4d\u8001\u4eba\u3002 I don't know whether to go\uff0e\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u53bb\u5426\u3002 He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train\uff0e\u4ed6\u8fd8\u672a\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u4e58\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u53bb\u8fd8\u662f\u5750\u706b\u8f66\u53bb\u3002 \u2463whether\u7f6e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6362\u7528if\u3002\u5982\uff1a Whether this is true or not\uff0cI can't say\uff0e\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u6211\u8bf4\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6765\u3002 \u2464\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u548c\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\u5b9c\u7528whether\u3002\u5982\uff1a Whether she will come or not is still a question\uff0e\u5979\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6765\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002 The question is whether we can catch the bus\uff0e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u8d76\u4e0a\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002 \u2465\u82e5\u7528if\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u6b67\u4e49\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7528whether\u3002\u5982\uff1a Please let me know if you like the book\uff0e\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\uff1a a\uff0ePlease let me know whether you like the book\uff0e\u8bf7\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u3002 b\uff0eIf you like the book\uff0cplease let me know\uff0e\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u8bf7\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u3002 3\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u539f\u6765\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u7528\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd\u5f15\u5bfc\u3002\u5982\uff1a Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning\uff1f\u4f60\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f00\u4f1a\u8fdf\u5230\u5417\uff1f 3\uff0e\u65f6\u6001 \u542b\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u590d\u5408\u53e5\uff0c\u4e3b\u3001\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u65f6\u6001\u547c\u5e94\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u70b9\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a 1\uff09\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u9009\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u6001\u3002\u5982\uff1a I don't know when he will come back\uff0e\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5c06\u4f55\u65f6\u56de\u6765\u3002 He tells me that his sister came back yesterday\uff0e\u4ed6\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4ed6\u59d0\u59d0\u6628\u5929\u56de\u6765\u4e86\u3002 2\uff09\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u53ea\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u9009\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u6001\u5373\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\u6216\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\uff1a \u2460The children didn't know who he was\uff0e\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u8c01\u3002 \u2461He asked his father how it happened\uff0e\u4ed6\u95ee\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002 3\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3001\u666e\u904d\u771f\u7406\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u52a8\u4f5c\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e3b\u53e5\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\u6001\u90fd\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u3002\u5982\uff1a The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun\uff0e\u8001\u5e08\u8bf4\u5730\u7403\u7ed5\u7740\u592a\u9633\u8f6c\u3002 4\uff0e\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a if\u548cwhen\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5bfc\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5bfc\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002if\u548cwhen\u5f15\u5bfc\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u662f\u5426\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4f55\u65f6\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u65f6\u6001\u5e94\u548c\u4e3b\u53e5\u65f6\u6001\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u5f15\u5bfc\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u201c\u5982\u679c\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5f53\u2026\u2026\u65f6\u5019\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u4e3b\u53e5\u65f6\u6001\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u65f6\u6001\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u653e\u5728\u542b\u6709\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u9898\u5e72\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u67e5\u3002\u5982\uff1a \u2014Do you know when he will come back tomorrow \uff1f\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u660e\u5929\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u56de\u6765\u5417\uff1f \u2014Sorry\uff0cI don't know\uff0eWhen he comes back\uff0cI'll tell you\uff0e\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u56de\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u3002 \u2014I don't know if he will come\uff0e\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6765\u3002 \u2014He will come if it doesn't rain\uff0e\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4e0b\u96e8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u6765\u7684\u3002 \u7b80\u5316\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u5e38\u7528\u516d\u6cd5 \u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u5e38\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u628a\u542b\u6709\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u590d\u5408\u53e5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u53e5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0e\u539f\u53e5\u610f\u601d\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u6216\u76f8\u8fd1\uff09\u7684\u8bd5\u9898\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u5f53\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662fhope\uff0c decide\uff0c wish\uff0c choose\uff0c agree\uff0c promise\u7b49\uff0c\u4e14\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e0e\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e00\u81f4\u65f6\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u53ef\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. \u2192Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. \u2192We decided to help him. \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u5f53\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662fknow\uff0c learn\uff0c remember\uff0c forget\uff0c tell\u7b49\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e14\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e0e\u4ece\u53e5\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e00\u81f4\u65f6\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u53ef\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd+\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u201d\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a She has forgotten how she can open the window. \u2192She has forgotten how to open the window. \u6ce8\uff1a\u5f53\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662ftell\uff0c ask\uff0c show\uff0c teach\u7b49\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e14\u540e\u5e26\u53cc\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e00\u81f4\u65f6\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u53ef\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd+\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u201d\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a Could you tell me how I can get to the station\uff1f \u2192Could you tell me how to get to the station\uff1f \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u5f53\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662forder\uff08\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\uff0crequire\uff08\u9700\u8981\uff09\u7b49\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u548c\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u53ef\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u540d\u8bcd\uff08\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff09+\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u201d\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. \u2192 The headmaster ordered us to start at once. \u65b9\u6cd5\u56db\uff1a\u67d0\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcd\u52a0\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\uff08\u77ed\u8bed\uff09\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b80\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a He insisted that he should go with us. \u2192He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesn\u2019t know when and where he was born. \u2192The poor boy doesn\u2019t know the time and the place of his birth. \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e94\uff1a\u67d0\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u5bbe\u8bed+V-ing\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff09\u201d\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. \u2192 Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. \u65b9\u6cd5\u516d\uff1a\u52a8\u8bcdseem\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff08\u77ed\u8bed\uff09\u6765\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u53e5\u578b\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a It seemed that the boys were going to win. \u2192The boys seemed to win. \u9664\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u53e5\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a I found that it was difficult to learn English well. \u2192I found it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. \u2192Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow. They found that the box was very heavy. \u2192They found the box very heavy \u521d\u4e2d\u82f1\u8bed\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e13\u9879\u7cbe\u9009\u8bd5\u9898 \u4e60\u9898(\u4e00) 1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled \u7b54\u6848:1-5 A D C B C \u4e60\u9898(\u4e8c) 1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty A. who B. what C. when D. that 2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where 3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who 4 She didn't know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be 5. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when 6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening A. what B when C why D how 7. He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose \u7b54\u6848:1-7 C B B A A A C \u4e60\u9898(\u4e09) 1. They don't know their parents are. A that B what C why D which 2. Please tell me ______what last year. A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked 3. She asked me if I knew ______. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 4. You must remember ________. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said 5 Did you know ____ A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after 6 Could you tell me ___ A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing \u7b54\u6848:1-6 B D B A A C \u4e60\u9898(\u56db) 1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u4e1c\u57ce\u533a) A. that B. how C. whatD. if 2. \u2014I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us. \u2014He will help us with our English. (\u676d\u5dde\u5e02) A. why B. when C. how D. where 3. \u2014We never know _____ the old m an is. \u2014They say he is a teacher. (\u9102\u5dde\u5e02) A. what B. who C. which D. where 4. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. (\u91cd\u5e86\u5e02) A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when 5. \u2014Do you know _____ I'm going to see him. \u2014Sorry, I don't know. (\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6d77\u6dc0\u533a) A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived 6. \u2014W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer \u2014Sorry, I have no idea. (\u5357\u4eac\u5e02) A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy 7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning. (\u91cd\u5e86\u5e02) A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what the matter was D. what wrong was 8. \u2014Where is Jack \u2014He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ . (\u5357\u660c\u5e02) A. that B. which C. where D. there \u7b54\u6848:1\u20144 D A A D 5\u20148 C A C C
\u7559\u4e0b\u90ae\u7bb1 \u6211\u53d1\u7ed9\u4f60 \u662f\u539f\u6765\u627e\u5230\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6
初中英语词组总结1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 （比较级 and 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原） 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
99 each +名（单）每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名词）
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了）
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学） 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方）……去过某过地方 have gone to …（地方） 去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 帮助某人某事（某方面） help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法
145 if : 是否＝wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 （north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 ）
151 in the sun 在太阳下
152 increase 增加
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3%
the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now
153 instead of +（名 ） 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子
I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍
155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook
157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样
158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说） 做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意
162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me
163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间
eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了
164 join = take part in 参加
165 just now 刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样？
167 keep out 不让 …… 进入
168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康
169 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案
170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙
171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke
172 learn by oneslfe 自学
173 learn from sb 向某人学习 eg: We should learn from Lei Feng
174 learn to do sth 学做某事
175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事
176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg ： We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望
177 live from :离某地远
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan
179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看
180 lose one's way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路
181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事
182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you
183 make it early 把时间定的早一点
184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相
185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife
186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样 eg : You must made your bed clean
187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样
188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写
189 make up be made up of (被动语态）由……组成
190 make…difference to…
191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么
192 most +名 most of +代
193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定 195 need +名词
196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (实义动词） need do (情态动词）
198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing
199 no +名词
200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not… (形 、副）at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all
202 not…at all 一点都不
203 not…either 表否定，也不 eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐
204 not…until 直到……才……
eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar
205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供
206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水
207 on one's way to… 在谁去那的路上
208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面
209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈
210 on time 准时 in time 及时
211 one day ＝some day ＝someday 一天，有一天
212 one of +可数名词的复数形式
213 one to another 一个到另一个
214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin
215 part-time job 兼职工作 fall-time job 全职工作
216 pay for… 付……钱 pay the bill 开钱 ，付钱
217 please +do
218 please help yourself
219 pleased with sb
220 pool into = pore into
221 practice +doing 练习做某事
222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理
prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做… eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿
eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车
prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来
223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句
eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作
He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案
224 rather…than 宁可……也不……
eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生，也不当老师
He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫
225 regard…as 把……当作……
eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候
I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友
He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人
226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭
227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么
eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校
the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother
228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人
229 say to oneself 对自己说
230 say to sb 对某人说
231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上
232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁
233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事
234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are
235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事
236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy
237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物
238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？
239 shock 使……震惊 eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！吓我一跳
240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.
241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me
242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.
243 some…others… 一些……另一些……
244 start…with… 从……开始 begin…with… 从……开始
245 stay away from 远离……
eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物
If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食
246 stop doing 停下正在做的事
247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事
249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事
250 such +名 这样 ，这种
251 suit sb 适合某人
252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇
253 take classes 上课
254 take sb to 把某人带去 eg : I take you to the hospital
255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk 散步
256 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和谁说 eg : I talk with him
③ talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 谈论关于……
257 talk with sb 和某人说话
258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事
259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事
260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story
261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么
263 tell…from…
264 thank you for +doing
265 the same +名词(doing)+as……
266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同
267 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路
e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English
268 the way to…（地点） 到哪的269 too…to… 太怎样而不能……adj +enough to 足够…能… so…that +丛句
eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school
He is old enough to go to school ＝ He is so old that he can go to school
270 transalte ……into…… 把什么翻译成什么 eg : Trasalte English into chinese
271 travel with sb和某人去旅游272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么，但没成功 try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了
eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已经做过了
274 try…试衣服 have a try 试一下 275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大
276 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开 open 拆开 277 upside down 倒着
278 visit to… 参观某个地方 279 wait for sb 等某人
我是转载的 看看吧：
11. 动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
返回动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.4 一般将来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
返回动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回动词的时态目录
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）
返回动词的时态目录
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
返回动词的时态目录
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。
返回动词的时态目录
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回动词的时态目录
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回动词的时态目录
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回动词的时态目录
11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）
2） 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.15 过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回动词的时态目录
11.17 将来完成时
1） 构成will have done
2） 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
返回动词的时态目录
11.20 过去进行时
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
典型例题
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
可参考网站http://www.hongen.com/eng/pub/yufac/
http://www.rr365.com/Article/gramm/Index.html
绛旓細half an hour.鎴戜滑宸茬粡绛変綘鍗婁釜閽熷ご浜(浜鸿繕娌″埌锛屽鍚屽湪鐢佃瘽閲岃鐨勶紝杩樹細缁х画绛)2.鍏舵瀯鎴愪负锛氫富璇+鍔╁姩璇嶏紙have锛+鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勮繃鍘诲垎璇+鍏朵粬鎴愬垎 have /has鏄皬鍔╂墜锛屽彲鎻愬墠闂瘽锛屽彲鍦ㄥ悗闈㈠姞not 3.琛ㄧず鐘舵佺殑鍔ㄨ瘝涓嶈兘鐢ㄤ簬鐜板湪瀹屾垚杩涜鏃躲侷 have known him for years. 鎴戣璇嗕粬宸茬粡濂藉嚑骞翠簡銆
绛旓細Notes: 1. just鈥滃垰鎵嶁濊〃绀哄垰鍒氳繃鍘,鍙互鐪嬫垚涓庤璇濇椂闂寸揣瀵嗙浉杩,鍙笌鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃惰繛鐢,涔熷彲浠ヤ笌杩囧幓鏃惰繛鐢.浣唈ust now鈥滃垰鎵嶁=a moment ago, 鍙〃绀鸿繃鍘绘椂闂,鍙笌杩囧幓鏃惰繛鐢.2. 涓浜涚粓姝㈡у姩璇嶄笉鑳界敤瀹屾垚鏃舵佺殑鑲畾鍙ヤ笌寤剁画澶氫箙鐨勬椂闂寸姸璇繛鐢,瑕佺敤琛ㄧ姸鎬佺殑鍔ㄨ瘝鎴栫敤鍔ㄨ瘝+浠嬭瘝鐭鎴+褰㈠璇嶇殑瀹屾垚...
绛旓細鍘熷垱鍝~甯屾湜鑳藉府鍒颁綘,绁濆涔犺繘姝! 宸茶禐杩 宸茶俯杩< 浣犲杩欎釜鍥炵瓟鐨勮瘎浠锋槸? 璇勮 鏀惰捣 闈滃噲鐨勭┖姘 2009-08-03 鐭ラ亾绛斾富 鍥炵瓟閲:58 閲囩撼鐜:0% 甯姪鐨勪汉:17.6涓 鎴戜篃鍘荤瓟棰樿闂釜浜洪〉 鍏虫敞 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴 http://baike.baidu.com/view/328219.html?wtp=tt杩璇硶鐭ヨ瘑鎸哄叏鐨,浣犵湅鐪嬪惂,搴旇...
绛旓細鑻辫瀵逛簬寰堝浜烘潵璇撮兘鏄緢闅剧殑绉戠洰锛岃嫳璇涔犺璁茬┒鏂规硶锛屾垜鏁寸悊浜嗚嫳璇璇硶鐨鎬荤粨锛屼緵澶у鍙傝冦鍒濅腑鑻辫璇硶褰掔撼鎬荤粨锛1锛 杩囧幓杩涜鏃讹細鏄剧劧杩囧幓杩涜鏃惰〃绀鸿繃鍘绘煇涓鏃跺埢姝ｅ湪鍋氫粈涔堬紝甯稿拰鐗瑰畾鐨勬椂闂寸姸璇at that time锛宎t six yesterday锛宎t that moment锛寃hen he came in绛夎繛鐢ㄣ備竴鑸皢鏉ユ椂锛氳〃绀哄皢瑕...
绛旓細(1)杩囧幓鏌愪釜鐗瑰畾鏃堕棿鍙戠敓锛屼篃鍙互琛ㄧず(2)杩囧幓涔犳儻鎬х殑鍔ㄤ綔銆備竴鑸繃鍘绘椂涓嶅己璋冨姩浣滃鐜板湪鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝鍙鏄庤繃鍘汇傚彞寮忥細涓昏+杩囧幓鍔ㄨ瘝+鍏朵粬 I had a word with Julia this morning.(1) He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.(2) 涓鑸繃鍘绘椂甯镐笌琛ㄧず杩囧幓鐨勬椂闂寸姸璇垨浠庡彞杩炵敤锛屽锛...
绛旓細8锛屼綘鍙鍦ㄧ綉涓婅緭鍏鍒濅腑鑻辫璇硶锛屽氨浼氬嚭鏉ヤ竴鍫嗭紝涓嬭浇涓涓紝鍙嶅瀛︿範璁板繂锛屾壘浜烘寚瀵煎浣曚娇鐢紝濡備綍鍋氶锛屽叧閿槸缁冧範涓庡疄鎴樸傛垜涓汉瑙夊緱杩樻槸闈犳纭殑鏂规硶鍜屼弗璋ㄧ殑瀛︿範鎬佸害锛屽厖鍒嗙殑缁冧範锛屾墠鑳藉彇寰楁垚鍔燂紝杩樻湁灏辨槸鑹笀鐨勬寚瀵硷紝绾补鑰冨弽澶嶇殑璁板繂鍗曡瘝鍜岃娉曚篃鑳借锛屼絾鏄垂鍔涘お澶氾紝鑰楁椂澶锛屾垜灏辨槸涓涓珮涓嫳璇...
绛旓細浠ヤ笂瀵瑰姩璇嶇殑绉嶇被鐭ヨ瘑鐨勫唴瀹硅瑙ｅ涔,鐩镐俊鍚屽浠凡缁忚兘寰堝ソ鐨勬帉鎻′簡鍚,甯屾湜鍚屽浠湪鑰冭瘯涓彇寰楀緢濂界殑鎴愮哗銆 鍒濅腑鑻辫璇硶鐭ヨ瘑鐐鎬荤粨8 should鐨勭敤娉: should鐢ㄦ潵鎻愬嚭寤鸿鍜屽繝鍛,鍚庤竟鍔犲姩璇嶅師褰,鍚﹀畾鍙ョ洿鎺ュ湪should鍚庤竟鍔爊ot. 渚嬪:I think you should eat less junk food. 鎴戣涓轰綘搴旇灏戝悆鍨冨溇椋熷搧銆 She drives a...
绛旓細杩欎竴鐐癸紝鎴戜滑涓浗瀛︾敓寰寰鍑洪敊锛岃鐗瑰埆娉ㄦ剰锛佸吀鍨嬩緥棰1锛欼 didn''t know you (be)in Paris.瑙ｆ瀽锛氶骞叉剰鎬濇槸鈥滄垜涓嶇煡閬撲綘鍦ㄥ反榛庘濄傚洜涓哄湪璇磋瘽鏃讹紝鎴戝凡缁忕煡閬撲綘鍦ㄥ反榛庝簡銆傝繖鍙ヨ瘽鎸囩殑鏄璇濅箣鍓嶏紝鎵浠ュ彧鑳界敤杩囧幓鏃惰〃绀恒傚疄闄呬笂锛岃繖鍙ヨ瘽鏆楁寚锛欱ut now I know you are here.绛旀锛歸ere ...
绛旓細鑻辫璇硶鏄竴涓潪甯搁噸瑕佺殑鐭ヨ瘑鐐,濡備綍瀛︿範濂借娉曞嵈鏄渶瑕佸ソ鐨 瀛︿範 鏂规硶 鐨,涓嬮潰鏄垜缁欏ぇ瀹跺甫鏉ョ殑 涓冨勾绾ц嫳璇 涓嬪唽璇硶 鎬荤粨 ,甯屾湜鑳藉甯姪鍒板ぇ瀹! 涓冨勾绾ц嫳璇笅鍐璇硶鎬荤粨 涓銆佷竷骞寸骇涓嬭嫳璇娉曗斺旇瘝娉 1銆佸悕璇岮)銆佸悕璇嶇殑鏁版垜浠煡閬撳悕璇嶅彲浠ュ垎涓哄彲鏁板悕璇嶅拰涓嶅彲鏁板悕璇,鑰屼笉鍙暟鍚嶈瘝瀹冩病鏈夊鏁板舰寮,浣嗗彲鏁板悕璇...
绛旓細鎴戜篃鍘荤瓟棰樿闂釜浜洪〉 鍏虫敞 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴 w 宸茶禐杩 宸茶俯杩< 浣犲杩欎釜鍥炵瓟鐨勮瘎浠锋槸? 璇勮 鏀惰捣 鍏朵粬绫讳技闂 2010-07-05 鍒濅腑璇枃浜烘暀鐗璇硶褰掔撼 31 2013-12-19 鍒濅腑璇枃鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰綊绾炽 26 2011-09-17 鍒濅腑璇枃璇硶 6 2012-08-22 鍒濅腑璇枃璇硶鐭ヨ瘑鎬荤粨,澶т緺甯府蹇 5 2011-07-04 浜烘暀鐗堝垵涓鏂囪娉...
