苏州中考英语复习资料 包括一些重点句型词组语法最好今天下午就能弄成一个文档给我。。 中考英语最重要的短语,语法之类

\u8dea\u6c42\u4e2d\u8003\u82f1\u8bed\u5916\u6559\u7248\u590d\u4e60\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u77ed\u8bed\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u53e5\u578b\u3002 \u91cd\u70b9\u53e5\u578b \u90ae\[email protected]

\u8bed\u6cd5\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \u63a8\u8350\u5965\u98ce\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e09\u5251\u5ba2\uff0c \u4e2d\u8003\u7248 \u4e09\u4ef6\u4e00\u5957\uff0c \u5305\u62ec \u4e2d\u8003\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u7a81\u7834\u89c6\u9891\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5927\u7eb2\u548c\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u89c6\u9891\u4f9b\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5927\u7eb2\u4f9b\u80cc\u8bf5\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u7ec3\u4e60\u4f9b\u5de9\u56fa\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5b66\u8bb0\u7ec3\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u914d\u5957\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5168\u9762\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2d\u8003\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u516c\u8ba4\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u8d44\u6599\u4e86\u3002\u767e\u5ea6 \u4e2d\u8003\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u7a81\u7834 \u6216\u8fdb\u5165\u5965\u98ce\u82f1\u8bed\u7f51\u7ad9\u5373\u53ef\u627e\u5230\u89c6\u9891\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u641c\u6765\u770b\u770b\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u4eb2\u81ea\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002

6\uff0ehelp sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u5e2e\u52a9\u67d0\u4eba\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u201d\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7528\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8865\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8865\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u6362. 7\uff0eWhat about\u2026\uff1f/How about\u2026\uff1f\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u2026\u2026\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff1f\u201d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8be2\u95ee\u6216\u5f81\u6c42\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u610f\u89c1\u3001\u770b\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002about\u4e3a\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u987b\u63a5\u540d\u8bcd\u3001\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6216V-ing\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 8\uff0eIt\u2019s time to do\u2026/ It\u2019s time for sth. \u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u8be5\u505a\u2026\u2026\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dto\u540e\u987b\u63a5\u539f\u5f62\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0cfor\u540e\u53ef\u63a5\u540d\u8bcd\u6216V-ing\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 9\uff0elike to do sth./like doing sth.\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u559c\u6b22\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u201d\uff0c \u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u53e5\u578b\u4fa7\u91cd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1b\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u53e5\u578b\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c 10\uff0eask sb.(not) to do sth. \u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba9\u67d0\u4eba(\u4e0d\u8981)\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dask sb.\u540e\u5e94\u63a5\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff0c 11\uff0eshow sb. sth. / show sth. to do. \u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u628a\u67d0\u7269\u7ed9\u67d0\u4eba\u770b\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u53e5\u578b\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u540c\u524d\u9762\u7b2c2\u70b9\u3002 12\uff0eintroduce sb. to sb. \u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u628a\u67d0\u4eba\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4eba\u201d\uff1bintroduce to sb.\u5219\u662f\u201c\u5411\u67d0\u4eba\u4f5c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u201d\u3002 [\u91cd\u70b9\u77ed\u8bed\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60] 1.kinds of \u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684 2. either\u2026or\u2026\u6216\u8005\u2026\u2026\u6216\u8005\u2026\u2026\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u2026\u2026\u5c31\u662f\u2026\u2026 3. neither\u2026nor\u2026\u65e2\u4e0d\u2026\u2026\u4e5f\u4e0d\u2026\u2026 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it \u4e2d\u56fd\u6e05\u8336 5. take a seat \u5c31\u5750 6. home cooking \u5bb6\u5e38\u505a\u6cd5 7. be famous for \u56e0\u2026\u2026\u800c\u8457\u540d 8. on ones way to\u5728\u2026\u2026\u9014\u4e2d 9. be sick/ill in hospital\u751f\u75c5\u4f4f\u9662 10. at the end of\u5728\u2026\u2026\u7684\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u5728\u2026\u2026\u7684\u672b\u5c3e 11. wait for \u7b49\u5f85 12. in time \u53ca\u65f6 13. make one\u2019s way to\u2026\u5f80\u2026\u2026\uff08\u8270\u96be\u5730\uff09\u8d70\u53bb 14. just then \u6b63\u5728\u90a3\u65f6 15. first of all \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00 16. go wrong \u8d70\u9519\u8def 17. be/get lost \u8ff7\u8def 18. make a noise \u5435\u95f9\uff0c\u55a7\u54d7 19. get on \u4e0a\u8f66 20. get off \u4e0b\u8f66 21. stand in line \u7ad9\u961f 22. waiting room \u5019\u8bca\u5ba4\uff0c\u5019\u8f66\u5ba4 23. at the head of\u2026\u2026\u5728\u2026\u2026\u7684\u524d\u5934 24. laugh at \u5632\u7b11 25. throw about \u4e71\u4e22\uff0c\u629b\u6563 26. in fact \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a 27. at midnight \u5728\u534a\u591c 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself\u73a9\u5f97\u6109\u5feb 29. quarrel with sb. \u548c\u67d0\u4eba\u5435\u67b6 30. take one\u2019s temperature \u7ed9\u67d0\u4eba\u4f53\u6e29 31. have/get a pain in\u2026\u67d0\u5904\u75bc\u75db 32. have a headache \u5934\u75db 33. as soon as\u2026 \u4e00\u2026\u2026\u5c31\u2026\u2026 34. feel like doing sth. \u60f3\u8981\u5e72\u67d0\u4e8b 35. stop\u2026from doing sth. \u963b\u6b62\u2026\u2026\u5e72\u67d0\u4e8b 36. fall asleep \u5165\u7761
37. again and again\u518d\u4e09\u5730\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u5730 38. wake up \u9192\u6765\uff0c\u53eb\u9192 39. instead of \u4ee3\u66ff 40. look over \u68c0\u67e5 41. take exercise\u8fd0\u52a8 42. had better(not) do sth. \u6700\u597d\uff08\u4e0d\u8981\uff09\u5e72\u67d0\u4e8b 43. at the weekend \u5728\u5468\u672b 44. on time \u6309\u65f6 45. out of\u4ece\u2026\u2026\u5411\u5916 46. all by oneself \u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5355\u72ec 47. lots of=a lot of \u8bb8\u591a 48. no longer/more=not\u2026any longer/more \u4e0d\u518d 49. get back \u56de\u6765\uff0c\u53d6\u56de 50. sooner or later\u8fdf\u65e9 51. run away \u9003\u8dd1 52. eat up \u5403\u5149\uff0c\u5403\u5b8c 53. run after \u8ffd\u8d76 54. take sth. with sb. \u67d0\u4eba\u968f\u8eab\u5e26\u7740\u67d0\u7269 55. take(good) care of\u2026=look after\u2026(well) \uff08\u597d\u597d\uff09\u7167\u987e\uff0c\u7167\u6599 56. think of \u8003\u8651\u5230\uff0c\u60f3\u8d77 57. keep a diary \u575a\u6301\u5199\u65e5\u8bb0 58. leave one by oneself \u628a\u67d0\u4eba\u5355\u72ec\u7559\u4e0b 59. harder and harder \u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5389\u5bb3 60. turn on\u6253\u5f00\uff08\u7535\u706f\u3001\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u3001\u7164\u6c14\u7b49\uff09 61. turn off \u5173 [\u91cd\u6e29\u91cd\u70b9\u53e5\u578b] 1\uff0eSo + be\uff0f\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0f\u60c5\u7275\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0e \u524d\u9762\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u9002\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4eba\uff08\u7269\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u5012\u88c5\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u53e6\u4e00\u4eba\uff08\u7269\uff09\u4e5f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u201d\u524d\u9762\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u9002\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4eba\uff08\u7269\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u201cNeither/ Nor + be\uff0f\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0f\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd+\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0e\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5012\u88c5\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u201cSo+\u4e3b\u8bed+be\uff0f\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0f\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0e\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u53e5\u578b\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u8d5e\u540c\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u80af\u5b9a\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u7684\u786e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u201d\u201c\u662f\u5440\u3002\u201d 2\uff0eTurn right\uff0fleft at the first\uff0fsecond\uff0f\u2026crossing. \u8fd9\u4e00\u6307\u8def\u7684\u53e5\u578b\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0f\u4e8c\uff0f\u2026\u2026\u4e2a\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\u5411\u53f3\uff0f\u5de6\u62d0\u3002\u201d\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eTake the first \uff0fsecond\uff0f\u2026turning on theright\uff0fleft. 3\uff0eIt takes sb\uff0esome time to do sth\uff0e \u6b64\u53e5\u578b\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5e72\u67d0\u4e8b\u82b1\u4e86\u67d0\u4eba\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u201d\u5176\u4e2d\u7684it\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff08\u77ed\u8bed\uff09\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed. 4\uff0e\u2026think\uff0ffind + it + adj. + to do sth. \u6b64\u53e5\u578b\u4e2d\u7684it\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u5176\u5b83\u4ee3\u8bcd\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff08\u77ed\u8bed\uff09\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002 5\uff0eWhat\u2019s wrong with\u2026\uff1f \u6b64\u53e5\u578b\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eWhat\u2019s the matter/ trouble with\u2026\uff1f\u540e\u8ddf\u67d0\u7269\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u67d0\u7269\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bdb\u75c5\u4e86\uff1f\u201d\u540e\u8ddf\u67d0\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u67d0\u4eba\u600e\u4e48\u4e86\uff1f\u201d 6\uff0etoo\u2026to\u2026 \u5728so\u2026that\u2026\u590d\u5408\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0cthat\u540e\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u4e0e\u7b80\u5355\u53e5too\u2026to\u2026\uff08\u592a\u2026\u2026\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u2026\u2026\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u53e5\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002 \u5728so\u2026that\u2026\u590d\u5408\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0cthat\u540e\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u4e0e\u7b80\u5355\u53e5\u2026enough to\u2026\u8fdb\u884c\u53e5\u578b\u8f6c\u6362. 7\uff0eSorry to hear that. \u5168\u53e5\u5e94\u4e3aI\u2019m sorry to hear that. \u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u542c\u5230\u6b64\u4e8b\u6211\u5f88\u96be\u8fc7\uff08\u9057\u61be\uff09\u3002\u201d\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u8868\u793a\u540c\u60c5\u3001\u9057\u61be\u4e4b\u610f\u3002
[\u91cd\u70b9\u53e5\u578b\u3001\u8bcd\u7ec4\u5927\u76d8\u70b9] 1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. \u5979\u8fc7\u53bb\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6c49\u8bed\u8001\u5e08\u3002 [\u7528\u6cd5] used to + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u518d\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u610f\u3002 [\u642d\u914d] used to do\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fusedn\u2019t to do\u6216didn\u2019t use to do. [\u6bd4\u8f83] used to do sth. \u8fc7\u53bb\u5e38\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\uff1bbe/ get used to doing sth. \u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\uff1bbe used to do sth. \u88ab\u7528\u6765\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u3002 2.\u2026return it sooner or later. \u2026\u2026\u8fdf\u65e9\u8981\u5c06\u5b83\u5f52\u8fd8\u3002 [\u7528\u6cd5] l)sooner or later\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u8fdf\u65e9\u201d\u3001\u201c\u65e9\u665a\u201d\u3002 2)return\u6b64\u5904\u7528\u4f5c\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u5f52\u8fd8\u201d\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8egive back. [\u62d3\u5c55]return\u8fd8\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u8fd4\u56de\u201d\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8ego back\u6216come back\u3002 3.No matter what the weather is like\u2026\u65e0\u8bba\u5929\u6c14\u2026\u2026 [\u7528\u6cd5]no matter what \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8ewhatever\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002 [\u62d3\u5c55]\u7c7b\u4f3cno matter what\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u6709\uff1a no matter when\u65e0\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019 nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where\u65e0\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9 no matter who\u65e0\u8bba\u8c01 no matter how \u65e0\u8bba\u600e\u4e48\u6837 4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green. \u4e00\u4f4d\u5e74\u7ecf\u4eba\u4e0e\u683c\u6797\u5148\u751f\u7ec3\u4e60\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\u3002 [\u7528\u6cd5]practise doing sth. \u8868\u793a\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u7ec3\u4e60\uff08\u505a\uff09\u67d0\u4e8b\u201d\u3002 [\u62d3\u5c55]practice\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b9e\u65bd\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7ec3\u4e60\u201d\uff1bput a plan into practice\u5b9e\u884c\u67d0\u8ba1\u5212\u3002 5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans. \u4ed6\u9f13\u52b1\u5927\u5bb6\u53c2\u52a0\u4fdd\u62a4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6e56\u6cca\u3001\u6cb3\u6d41\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002 [\u7528\u6cd5]1)encourage\u7528\u4f5c\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u9f13\u52b1\u201d\u3001\u201c\u652f\u6301\u201d\u3002 2)take part in\u201c\u53c2\u52a0\u201d\uff0c\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u52a0\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002 3)protect \u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u9632\u5fa1\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u201d\u3002 [\u642d\u914d]1)encourage sb. in sth.\u5728\u67d0\u4e8b\u4e0a\u9f13\u52b1\u6216\u652f\u6301\u67d0\u4eba nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.\u9f13\u52b1\u67d0\u4eba\u5e72\u67d0\u4e8b 2)protect sh. from sth.\u4f7f\u67d0\u4eba\u4e0d\u53d7\u67d0\u4e8b\u4fb5\u88ad\u6216\u4f24\u5bb3 6. \u2026to warn people about sharks in the water. \u2026\u2026\u8b66\u544a\u4eba\u4eec\u5f53\u5fc3\u6c34\u91cc\u7684\u9ca8\u9c7c\u3002 [\u7528\u6cd5] warn\u7528\u4f5c\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u8b66\u544a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8b66\u6212\u201d\u3002 [\u642d\u914d]1)warn sb.+ that\u4ece\u53e5 2)warn sb. of sth. \u8b66\u544a\u67d0\u4eba\u67d0\u4e8b 3)warn sb. to do sth.\u544a\u8beb\u67d0\u4eba\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b 4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.\u544a\u8beb\u67d0\u4eba\u5f53\u5fc3\u67d0\u4e8b/\u4e0d\u8981\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b \u91cd\u70b9\u53e5\u578b\u3001\u8bcd\u7ec4\u5927\u76d8\u70b9 1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. \u5979\u8fc7\u53bb\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6c49\u8bed\u8001\u5e08\u3002 [ \u7528\u6cd5 ] used to + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u518d\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u610f\u3002 [ \u642d\u914d ] used to do\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fusedn\u2019t to do\u6216didn\u2019t use to do. [ \u6bd4\u8f83 ] used to do sth. \u8fc7\u53bb\u5e38\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\uff1bbe/ get used to doing sth. \u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\uff1bbe used to do sth. \u88ab\u7528\u6765\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u3002 \u2026\u2026

  苏州树人英语家教备战中考英语语法总复习资料--名词(-)
  发布日期:2011/3/9 16:34:43 来源:苏州树人中小学英语辅导工作室收集整理 作者: 点击:108
  第一篇 词法 一、 名词 (一) 知识概要 名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法,但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念,而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。我们不妨把它分为两大类:专有名词与普通名词。顾名思义,专有名词是指:个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称,如,the Great Wall, America…它们是不能随意变动的。而普通名词中则包

  第一篇 词法
  一、 名词
  (一) 知识概要
  名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法,但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念,而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。我们不妨把它分为两大类:专有名词与普通名词。顾名思义,专有名词是指:个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称,如,the Great Wall, America…它们是不能随意变动的。而普通名词中则包括个体名词,如pen, worker…它表示单一的个体人或事物;集体名词,如:family,class, team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体;物质名词,如:water,paper…它表示的是一种物质,原材料;而后一种是抽象名词,如:work, time…它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到,但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念。见下表。
  名词一览表
  种类
  专有名词
  London, John, the Communist Party of China
  普 通 名 词 类名词 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table
  集体名词 class, family, army, police, team, people
  物质名词 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand
  抽象名词 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest
  功用
  主语 My family is now in New York.
  表语 His father is a scientist.
  宾语 We love our great motherland.
  宾语补足语 He made London the base for his work.
  定语 The girls are making paper flowesrs.
  状语 The car cost him 1000 dollars.
  同位语 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here.
  名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数,即可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。不可数名词不能用数字计算,所以它通常只有单数形式。它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等,如:English,air,water,cotton,work…可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词,所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。可数名词复数形式的构成规律是:
  1. 一般情况加s,如:pen—pens, doctor—doctors,boy—boys,其读音规则是在清辅音后读[s],在元音和浊辅音后读[z]。如:map—map , boy—boys.
  2. 在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加es,如:bus—buses,class—classes,其读音为[iz]。
  3. 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,其读音为[iz]。
  4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,要将y变为i再加es,读作[z],如:factory—factories,country—countries, family—families.但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy—boys,day—days。
  5. 以o结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es,但如果o前面是元音字母或外来词,缩写词以o结尾的则只加s,如:tomato—tomatoes,hero—heroes;photo—photos,radio—radios,piano—pianos
  6. 以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变为v再加es,如:knife—knives, leaf—leaves, 但有些例外的词如roof的复数形式是roofs。
  7. 不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的,它没有规律可循,如:man—men,woman—women, child—children, foot—feet,tooth—teeth, mouse—mice
  8. 单复同形的名词有:fish, sheep,deer…
  9. 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。名词还有格的变化,其主格可作主语,宾格可作宾语。还有所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's其复数形式是s',如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's,如:a student's room, students' rooms, Children's Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家……名词的所有格要用's,如:a twenty minutes' walk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,如:the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers

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