直接引语和间接引语的语法 什么叫做直接引语和间接引语
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1. MrsSmith said, \u201cI am going to New Yorktomorrow.\u201d\uff08\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\uff09
2. MrsSmith said that she was going to New York the next day. \uff08\u5212\u7ebf\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\uff09
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1. She said, \u201cMy friends want to visit me.\u201d\u2192 She said her friends wanted to visither.
2. He said to Kate, \u201cHow is your work now?\u201d\u2192 He asked Kate how her work was then.
3. Tom said, \u201cYou\u2019d better carry an umbrella just incase, Mary.\u201d\u2192 Tom said that Mary had better carryan umbrella just in case.
4. Mr Smith said, \u201cJack is a good worker.\u201d\u2192 Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.
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1. She said, \u201cI have lost my bike.\u201d\u2192 She said she ______ her bike.
2. She said, \u201cWe hope so.\u201d\u2192 She said they ______ so.
3. He said, \u201cShe will go to see her friend.\u201d\u2192 He said she ______ to see herfriend.
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1. \u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u771f\u7406\u53ca\u540d\u8a00\u8b66\u53e5\u65f6\u3002\u5982\uff1aThe teacher said to us, \u201cLight travels much fasterthan sound.\u201d\u2192 The teacher told us that lighttravels much faster than sound.
2. \u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u6001\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u5982\uff1aMother said, \u201cJohn, what were you doingat 8 o\u2019clock last night?\u201d\u2192 Mother asked John what he was doingat 8 o\u2019clock the night before.
3. \u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u65e0\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\uff1aought to, had better, usedto\uff09\u6216\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\uff1acould, should, would,might\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u518d\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5982\uff1a He said, \u201cYou should come hereearlier tomorrow.\u201d\u2192 He said I should go thereearlier the next day.
4. \u5982\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u6709\u8868\u793a\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u5982\uff1aShe said, \u201cI was born in 1995.\u201d\u2192 She said (that) she was born in1995.
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1. She said, \u201cOur train will leave in severalminutes.\u201d\u2192 She said that their train wouldleave in several minutes.
2. He said, \u201cCan you dance, Ted?\u201d\u2192 He asked Ted whether / if he coulddance.
3. \u201cYou have tidied your room, haven\u2019t you?\u201d my mother asked. \u2192 My mother asked mewhether I had tidied my room.
4. She asked me, \u201cWhen will you start?\u201d\u2192 She asked me when I would start.
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1. \u201cWhat did you do yesterday, Jenny?\u201d said themother.
\u2192 The mother asked Jenny what she haddone the day before.
2. The little kid said, \u201cHow can I get that toy?\u201d
\u2192 The little kid asked how could heget that toy.
3. He said, \u201cThe Olympic Games are held every fouryears.\u201d
\u2192 He said that the Olympic Games wereheld every four years.
Key:
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\u4e8c\u3001\u3010\u5373\u5b66\u5373\u7ec3\u3011 1. had lost 2.hoped 3. would go
\u56db\u3001\u3010\u81ea\u6211\u5f52\u7eb3\u3011 1. that 2.whether / if
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1. T\u3002
2. F\u3002how could he\u6539\u4e3ahow he could
3. F\u3002were\u6539\u4e3aare
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1\u3001\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed
\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u662f\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5\uff0c\u53d8\u4e3a\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2athat\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u5f15\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u662fsay, tell\u7b49\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u79f0\u3001\u65f6\u6001\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u8981\u76f8\u5e94\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u5316\u3002
The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.\u90a3\u8001\u5916\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff1a\u6211\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u5317\u4eac\u3002
\u2192 The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much. \u90a3\u8001\u5916\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u8bf4\u4ed6\uff08\u5979\uff09\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u5317\u4eac\u3002
She said,We are very fond of sports. \u5979\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u559c\u6b22\u4f53\u80b2\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002
\u2192 She said that they were very fond of sports. \u5979\u8bf4\u4ed6\uff08\u5979\uff09\u4eec\u90fd\u559c\u6b22\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002
I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,he said. \u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u5c06\u628a\u8bed\u6cd5\u8bfe\u518d\u590d\u4e60\u4e00\u904d\u3002
\u2192 He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. \u4ed6\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5c06\u8981\u628a\u8bed\u6cd5\u8bfe\u518d\u590d\u4e60\u4e00\u904d\u3002\uff08that\u53ef\u7701\u7565\uff09
2\u3001\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed
\uff081\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u548c\u53cd\u610f\u7591\u95ee\u53e5
\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u6539\u4e3a\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u52a0\u8fde\u8bcdif \u6216 whether\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u53e5\u52a8\u8bcd\u5e38\u7528ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know\u7b49\u3002\u53e5\u672b\u4e0d\u7528\u95ee\u53f7\u3002
My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music \u6211\u8001\u5e08\u95ee\u6211\uff1a\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u97f3\u4e50\u5417\uff1f
\u2192 My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music. \u6211\u8001\u5e08\u95ee\u6211\u662f\u5426\u559c\u6b22\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u97f3\u4e50\u3002
You haven't been to Beijing, have you asked he. \u4ed6\u95ee\uff1a\u4f60\u6ca1\u53bb\u8fc7\u5317\uff0c\u662f\u5417\uff1f
\u2192 He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing. \u4ed6\u95ee\u6211\u662f\u5426\u53bb\u8fc7\u5317\u4eac\u3002
\uff082\uff09\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u95ee\u53e5
\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u4e3a\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u95ee\u53e5\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u7528whether\u2026\u2026or \u8fde\u63a5\u3002
She said, Don't you know my telephone number \u5979\u8bf4\uff1a\u4f60\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u5417\uff1f
\u2192 She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. \u5979\u95ee\u6211\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u5979\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u3002
Do you like this one or that one Tom asked. \u6c64\u59c6\u95ee\uff1a\u4f60\u662f\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd8\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\uff1f
\u2192 Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. \u6c64\u59c6\u95ee\u6211\u662f\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd8\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u3002
\uff083\uff09\u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u53e5
\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u4e3a\u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u524d\u4ecd\u7136\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fde\u8bcd\u5f15\u5bfc\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u4ece\u53e5\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5e38\u7528ask\u3002
He asked, How do you like it \u4ed6\u95ee\uff1a\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u600e\u6837\uff1f
\u2192 He asked me how I liked it. \u4ed6\u95ee\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5b83\u600e\u6837\u3002
She asked me, What's the matter with you \u5979\u95ee\u6211\uff1a\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u5566\uff1f
\u2192 She asked me what was the matter with me. \u5979\u95ee\u6211\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u5566\u3002
How many books do you have she asked. \u5979\u95ee\uff1a\u4f60\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u672c\u4e66\uff1f
\u2192 She asked me how many books I had. \u5979\u95ee\u6211\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u672c\u3002
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1-\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1-\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?
1、人称的转变
1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：
He said，“I am very sorry.” ——>He said that he was very sorry.
2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：
“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.——>
My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：
She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” ——>
She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：
He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” ——>
He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
2、时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
例如：
“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. ——>
She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” ——>
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” ——>
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” ——>
He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. ——>
10楼
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” ——>
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” ——>
Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.
He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” ——>
He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况
1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：
He always says, “I am tired out.” ——>He always says that he is tired out.
2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：
He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.” ——>He will say that he will try his best to help me.
3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994.
4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：
He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” ——>
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——>
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：
He said，“Practice makes perfect.” ——>He said that practice makes perfect.
7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如：
例如：
The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” ——>
The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
He said, “She must be a teacher.”——> He said that she must be a teacher.
He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”——>
He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”——>
The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.
She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”——> She asked if she had to take the medicine.
〔注〕：此处用had to代替must更好 8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如：
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor?
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
1）时间状语：
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
now （then）； tomorrow （the next / following day ）
today (that day）； next week （the next / following week / month / year）
yesterday（the day before） two days ago（ two days before ）
last week /month/ year (the week/month/ year before) this week/month/year (that week/month/ year)
2）指示代词：these 变成those
3）地点状语：here变成there
She said, “I won't come here any more.”——> She said that she wouldn’t go there any more..
4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take
5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”——>
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）
此外主句中的谓语还常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：
He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”——> He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.
如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。
The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”——>
The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”——>
He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”——>
12楼
He asked whether I was interested in English.
3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如：
He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”——>
He asked me whether I spoke English or French..
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”——>
I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：
He asked，“What's your name?”——> He asked（me）what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”——>
He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：
He said，“Be seated, please.”——> He asked us to be seated.
“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. ——>
He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. ——>
The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.
“Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. ——>
The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
6）有些含有“建议”——>、“劝告”——>的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如：
He said, “Let's have a rest.”——> He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”——> He offered to help me.
7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如：
“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. ——>He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. ——>
He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk.
8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：
She said, “What a lovely day it is!”——> She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.
嵌套间接引语的从句：
如果间接引语当中还镶嵌有另一句从句，则被称为嵌套间接引语的从句，英文叫：the subordinate clause in indirect statement。这时，这样的从句要使用虚拟语气。从句动词的时态与主句动词的时态相关联。如：
Dux dicebat militem qui fugisset poenas daturum esse. 统帅曾常说，那个逃跑的士兵将要受到惩罚。
qui fugisset[逃跑] 是一句关系从句，修饰militem “士兵”，由于处在dicebat [说]后面的间接引语当中，因此需使用虚拟语气。间接引语的动词是不定式 daturum esse[将受到]，为将来时，因为动作发生在主句动词“说”之后，而 fugisset [逃跑]为虚拟语气的过去完成时，表示在统帅“说话”之前已经逃走了
引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：
John said, "I'm going to London with my father."
约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）
John said that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）
由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：
1． 直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。
He said , "You are younger than I."-'He said (that ) I was younger than him.
2.直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。
（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。
She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"
→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven't you?"
→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.
（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。
I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
He asked , "Where do you live?"
→He asked me where I lived.
3.直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（don't 变为not ）.
The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window.
His father said to him , "Don't leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.
[注意]
（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如：
He said, "Let's go to the theatre."
→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.
(2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked.
→He asked me to open the window.
"Why don't you take a walk after supper?" he asked .
→he advised me to take a walk after supper.
"Shall we listen to the music?" he asked.
→He suggested listening to the music.
4.直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。
She said, "What a lovely day it is !"
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：
（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时
（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时
（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时
（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时
（5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时
（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时
[注意]
（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：
He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
He said, "I'm a boy, not a girl."
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：
The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化，变化方法见下表。
指示代词
this……these
these……those
表示时间的词
now……then
today……that day
this week(month ,etc)……that week (month ,etc)
yesterday……the day before
last week(month ,etc)……the week(month ,etc) before
three days (a year ,etc) ago……three days (a year. etc) before
tomorrow……the next (following ) day
next week (month ,etc)……the next (following ) week (month ,etc)
表地点的词
here……there
动词
bring……take
come……go
直接引语改为间接引语时，要求学生掌握三点：语序、人称、时态以及一些状语的变化。
事实上，直接引语改为间接引语，就是变宾语从句。所有宾语从句都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
1.陈述句的间接引语 陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，通常由that引导，可以省略。
“I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要蓝色的。” 他说。
→He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要蓝色的。
She said to me, “You can’t settle anything now.”她对我说：“此刻你无法解决任何事情。”
→She told me that I couldn’t settle anything then. 她对我说那时侯我无法解决任何事。
2. 疑问句的间接引语 直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, inquire。间接疑问句一般有三种：
(1)．一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。
如：
“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?” Jim asked.
“他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。
→Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.
吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。
“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked.
那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？
→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital.
那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路。
(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。
如：
“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪个房间？”他问我。
→He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。
“What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她问“你怎么看这部电影？”
→She asked her friend what she thought of the film. 她问她的朋友怎么看这部电影。
(3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if …or引导。
如：
“Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked.
妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？”
→Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom’s.
妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。
“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked.
“你妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的？”凯特问。
→Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.
凯特问我的妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的。
3. 祈使句的间接引语 当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。
如：
Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary. ”杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。”
→Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day. 杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。
The teacher said to the students, “Stop talking.”老师对学生们说：“不要讲话了。”
→The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。
“Don’t touch anything.” He said.“不要碰任何东西。”他说。
→He told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西
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