英语中worth 的用法It will be worth your trouble to keep your livin

谈谈worth与worthy的用法
worth与worthy是英语学习中常见的两个词,但其用法极易混淆.现笔者将其用法归纳如下,希望有助于同学们的复习与运用.
一、worth作“值得；值”解时,是一个很常见,但又很特殊的叙述性形容词,通常在句中作表语,并且其后面要求有一个宾语,其宾语可以是名词、动名词或动词不定式.
worth有时也可用作定语.其具体用法如下：
（一）Worth用作表语
1.当句子的主语是物质名词而不是it时,worth后面要求有一个动名词或名词作宾语.例如：①The above-mentioned decision is worth studying a little further.上述决定值得进一步研究.②What is happening here today is worth notice.今天在这里发生的事值得关注.③The microputer is worth ten thousand dollars.这台微型电脑值一万美元.
2.当句子的主语是it而不是物质名词时,可能有两种情况：A.it代表具体东西时,如金钱、物质等,其后接动名词,该动名词是worth的宾语,这时,it既是主语,在意义上又是动名词的逻辑宾语.例如：①It is worth saving.那是值得节约的.②It is worth visiting again.这里值得再一次参观.B.it不代表具体东西时,worth后面一般应加上while,后面接动名词或动词不定式.这时,it为形式主语,真正的主语为动名词或动词不定式.接动名词或动词不定式的区别是：while前面有所有格时,一般接动词不定式；没有所有格时,一般接动名词.例如：①It is worth our while to use waste materials.废物值得利用.②It is worth while pointing out that heating may bring about certain change in the structure of any material.值得指出的是,加热会使任何物质的结构发生某种变化.
（二）worth用作定语
1.worth不能单独放在名词前面作定语,当它与while构成worthwhile时则可作前置定语.这时,worthwhile = worthy.例如：①This is a worthwhile book.（该句可改为：This is a worthy book.= This book is worth leading.= This book is worthy of being read.= This book is worthy to be read.）这本书值得一读.②It is worthwhile effort.这是值得努力做的事.
2.用作后置定语.worth放在名词后面作定语时,必须接一个动名词.例如：①Tianjin is a city worth visiting.天津是一个值得参观的城市.②This is a question worth discussing.这是一个值得讨论的问题.
二、worthy是限定性形容词,可以用作表语或定语.其具体用法如下：
（一）worthy作表语
1.worthy与of连用时,构成be worthy of,of的后面可以接名词或动名词的被动形式.例如：①That is worthy of note.那件事值得注意.②This phenomenon is worthy of being studied.这种现象值得研究.
2.worthy可与动词不定式连用,动词不定式也要用被动式.但worthy后面不可再用介词of,须直接接不定式.例如：①This problem is worthy to be considered.这个问题值得考虑.②The film is worthy to be seen again.这部电影值得再看一遍.
（二）worthy作定语
1.作前置定语.例如：①This is a worthy English-Chinese dictionary.这是一本有价值的英汉词典.②This is a worthy article.这是一篇值得一看的文章.
2.作后置定语时,必须用“worthy of +名词”结构.例如：①There is nothing worthy of mention.没有值得一提的事情.②This is behaviour worthy of praise.这是值得称赞的行为.
注：“worth of+动名词”与“worth+动名词”在形式上完全不同：worthy of后面接被动式的动名词；而worth后面接主动式的动名词,虽然在形式上是主动的,但其意义仍然是被动的.试比较：The second-hand house is worthy of being bought.= The second-hand house is worth buying.

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