what to do 和how to do it 的语法要点 how to do it和what to do it的区别

what to do\u548chow to do it \u7684\u533a\u522b

what to do\u4e0ehow to do it\u90fd\u662f\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd\u4e0e\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u642d\u914d\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u533a\u522b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
1\uff0e\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u201c\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u7528what to do\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dwhat\u5c31\u662fdo\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5do\u540e\u9762\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u52a0it\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e86\u3002
2\uff0e\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u201c\u600e\u6837\u505a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u201d\u7528how to do it\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dhow\u662f\u526f\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\uff0cit\u6307\u4ee3\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u8fc7\u7684\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0cdo\u662f\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709it\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u3002
\u5982\uff1a I know little about shopping online. Can you show me how to do it.\u6211\u5bf9\u7f51\u8d2d\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u6559\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u7f51\u8d2d\u5417\uff1f
\u6ce8\uff1a\u5728\u201c\u7591\u95ee\u4ee3\u8bcd+to+\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd+\u4ecb\u8bcd\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f3a\u5931\u4ecb\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\uff1a
When I feel stressed, I don't know who to talk.\uff08\u9519\u8bef\uff09
When I feel stressed, I don't know who to talk to.\uff08\u6b63\u786e\u3002talk to\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u8ddf......\u4ea4\u8c08\u201d\u5176\u5bbe\u8bed\u662fwho\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7591\u95ee\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709to\u5c31\u53d8\u6210talk\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddfwho\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\uff09

\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6599
\u4f8b\u9898\u89e3\u6790
It's too late for school. I really don't know __________.
A. what should I do B. how to do
C. what to do D. what to do it
\u3010\u89e3\u6790\u3011\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u9009C\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u77e5\u53e5\u610f\uff1a\u4e0a\u5b66\u592a\u8fdf\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u771f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u3002\u56db\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e2dA\u4e0d\u662f\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u6545\u6392\u9664\uff1bB\u9009\u9879\u4e2dhow\u662f\u526f\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\uff0cdo\u662f\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u5fc5\u987b\u8ddf\u5bbe\u8bed\u624d\u5b8c\u6574\uff0chow to do\u662f\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u6545\u6392\u9664\uff1bC\u9009\u9879\u4e2dwhat\u662f\u7591\u95ee\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f5cdo\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64what to do\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u77ed\u8bed\u8868\u793a\u201c\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff1b\u800cD\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8bcdit\u662f\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u3002\u6545\u53ea\u6709\u9009C\u3002
\u3010\u70b9\u62e8\u3011\u89e3\u7b54\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8bd5\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5bf9\u7591\u95ee\u526f\u8bcd\u548c\u7591\u95ee\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6709\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2dwhat\uff0cwho\uff0cwhom\uff0cwhich\uff0cwhose\u662f\u7591\u95ee\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0cwhatever\u7b49\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u7591\u95ee\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u6216\u5bbe\u8bed\uff1bwhen\uff0cwhere\uff0chow\uff0cwhy\u662f\u7591\u95ee\u526f\u8bcd\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u6216\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002

what to do\u548chow to do it \u7684\u533a\u522b
\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\u90fd\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd\u52a0\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002
what to do\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff08what\u662fdo\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u540e\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u52a0\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c
\u5982
I don't know what to do.
(= I don't know what I can do .)
how to do\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff08how\u63d0\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0ado\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u3001\u3001\u3001
\u5982
I don't know how to dothis thing.
(= I don't know how I can do this thing.)
\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5do\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002

\u7ecf\u5178\u8003\u9898\uff1a
1. I don't know next time .
A. how to do B. how to say C. where to go to D. what to wear
2. At last I lost my way,I didn't know \u3002
A how to do B what to do it C which to do it D where to go
3.Could you tell me what to do and how to do it?\u540c\u4e49\u53e5
Could you tell me ____ ____ ____ do and ____ ____ ____ do it?
4.----I often chat with my friends on the Internet.
----You are so smart ! Will you please tell me ?
A. how to do B. how to do it C. how to use D. when can I use it
5. This math problem is too difficult . Can you show me ,George ?
A. what to work out B. to work it out
C. how to work it out D. how to work out it
6. We want to know to help them .
A. what can we do B. what we can do
C. how can we do D. how we can do




Keys:
1.D 2.D 3.what I should how I can 4. B 5. C 6. B

1、what to do补充成完整表达就是have what to do（有什么事情要做，what可以等效替换成sth），其中的what类似于汉语中的“兼语”（what作have的宾语，同时兼作do的宾语），严格地说此处的to do应该为to be done，但由于英语中“将错就错”和“以讹传讹”的缘故，大家图简单都习惯了用“主动”形式来表示“被动”。

汉语语法上的“兼语”是指某个名词或类似于名词的词类既作前一个动词的“宾语”，又作后一个动词的“主语”（比如说，“叫某人吃饭”中的“某人”就是兼语，它既做叫的宾语，又作吃的主语），英语中没有“兼语”这一提法，而是用“不定式”这一非谓语动词形式来解决“一个句子中（紧挨着）连续出现2个行为动词”的问题，由于英语中所有的“行为动词”都能作谓语，但一个句子只有一套“主谓”结构，于是乎，不定式中带的行为动词就视为“非谓语动词”了。不定式的核心功能就体现在这里。

2、how to do it补充成完整表达就是know how to do it（知道如何去做某事）。其中，do it是动宾结构，to do是不定式（用于连接2个连续的行为动词，并把后面的行为动词“非谓语化”，以保证一个句子只有一个谓语，how作to do的方式状语，how to do it一起作know的补语。

简言之，what to do强调动作的对象what，结构上what就是do的宾语，而how to do it强调动作的方式how，必须要有个it去作do的宾语，否则句子结构上不完整。

What to do 是做什么的意思，How to do it 是怎么做。前一句问的是do的对象，是问宾语，后一句问的是做的方法，特指一件事"it".

“疑问词+不定式动词”其主要功用有下列五种：
⑴当主语，如：
● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
● Where to live is a problem.
● How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic.
⑵当宾语，如：
● We must know what to say at a meeting.
● He could not tell whom to trust.
● Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶当补足语，如：
● The problem is where to find the financial aid.
● The question is who to elect.
⑷当名词同位语，如：
● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
● Do you have a rough impression how to do it?
⑸当宾语补足语，如：
● Jim is not sure whose to choose.
● Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.
适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand”等。
有点值得特别注意的是：当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句，例如：
● I could not decide which dictonary to buy. / I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.
● Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.
有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。例如：
● The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.
● Have you told him where to get the application form?

扩展阅读：what the fack ... what funk 是骂人的吗 ... what u do ... 怎样区分what to 和how to ... what s up bro ... what to do省略了什么 ... what s wrong with you ... what s up man ... what does a varistor do ...