在标准状况下，将224L 氯化氢气体溶于635mL 的水（密度为1 g/cm）中，所得盐 酸的密度为1.18g/cm3，
\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06224L \u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u6c14\u4f53\u6eb6\u4e8e635mL \u7684\u6c34\uff08\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a1 g/cm³\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u76d0 \u9178\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a1.18g/cm3\u3002\u89e3\uff1a
\uff081\uff09224L\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1an(HCl) = V / Vm = 224 / 22.4 = 10mol
\u5219\uff0c\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1am(HCl) = n * M = 10 * 36.5 = 365g
\u914d\u5236\u6210\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u603b\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\uff1am(\u6eb6\u6db2) = m(HCl) + m(\u6c34) = 365 + 635*1 = 1000g
\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u662f\uff1a
w(HCl) = m(HCl) / m(\u6eb6\u6db2) = 365 / 1000 = 36.5%
\uff082\uff09\u7a00\u91ca\u524d\u76d0\u9178\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u79ef\u662f\uff1a
V(\u603b) = m(\u6eb6\u6db2) / p(\u6eb6\u6db2) = 1000 / 1.18 = 847.5mL
\u5219\u53d6100mL\u7684\u76d0\u9178\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u662f\uff1a
n\uff08\u53d6)= 100 / 847.5 * n(HCl) = 100 / 847.5 * 10 = 1.18mol
\u7a00\u91ca\u52301.45L\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u662f\uff1a
c(HCl) = n(\u53d6) / V(\u7a00\u91ca\u540e) = 1.18 / 1.45 = 0.81mol/L
\u7efc\uff1a\u7a00\u91ca\u524d\u8be5\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u662f36.5% \uff1b
\u53d6100mL\u76d0\u9178\u7a00\u91ca\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u662f 0.81mol/L \u3002
\u6eb6\u8d28\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u662f\uff1a
224L/(22.4L/mol = 10.0 mol \uff1b
\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\uff1a
10.0mol*36.5g/mol+635ml*1.00g/ml = 365g + 635g=1000g \uff1b
1\uff09\u8be5\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u662f
\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e3a\uff1a365 g/1000 g * 100% = 36.5%\u3002
2.
100 mL\u76d0\u9178\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a 1.18\u00d7100=118 g\uff0c
\u5176\u4e2d\u542b HCl 118g \u00d7 36.5%=43.07g
\u5219\u6b64\u65f6HCl \u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1an\uff08HCl\uff09= m\uff08HCl\uff09/M\uff08HCl\uff09=43.07g\u00f736.5g/mol=1.18 mol
\u6240\u4ee5\u57281.45L\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3a\uff1a
c=n/V=1.18mol/1.45L=0.81mol/L\u3002
\u5373\u5b83\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u7ea6\u4e3a0.81 mol/L
m总=m(HCI)+m(H2O)=224L*36.5g/mol/22.4mol/L+635ml*1g/ml=646.63g
V总=646.63g/1.18g/cm3=547.99cm3
c(初HCI)=224L/22.4mol/L/0.54799L=18.25mol/L
0.010L*18.25mol/L=1.45L*c
c=0.126mol/L
有点难啊！
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