孙子兵法计篇原文及翻译 求:孙子兵法全文及译文
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一、计篇
【原文】孙子曰:兵者,国之大事,死生之地,存亡之道,不可不察也。
【译文】 孙子说:战争,是国家的头等大事,是关系民众生死的所在,是决定国家存亡的途径,不能不认真加以考察、研究。
【原文】故经之以五事校之以计而索其情:一曰道,二曰天,三曰地,四曰将、五曰法。道者,令民与上同意也,故可以与之死,可以与之生,而不畏危。天者,阴阳,寒暑、时制也。地者,远近、险易、广狭、死生也。将者,智、信、仁、勇、严也。法者,曲制、官道、主用也。凡此五者,将莫不闻,知之者胜,不知者不胜。故校之以计而索其情,曰:主孰有道?将孰有能?天地孰得?法令孰行?兵众孰强?士卒孰练?赏罚孰明?吾以此知胜负矣。
【译文】应该以五个方面的情实为纲,通过具体比较双方的基本条件来探讨战争胜负的情形:一是'道',二是'天',三是'地',四是'将',五是'法'。所谓'道',就是从政治上使民众与君主的思想一致,这样,民众就能与君主同生死共患难,誓死效命,毫无二心。所谓'天',就是气候的阴晴、寒暑、四季节令的更替规律等。所谓'地',就是指行程的远近、地势的险峻或平易,战地的广狭,是死地还是生地等。所谓'将',就是看将领们是否具备智、信、仁、勇、严五种素质。所谓'法',就是指部队的组织编制制度,军官的职责范围规定,军需物资的供应管理制度等。大凡这五个方面,将领们没有谁没听说过,但只有透彻掌握了的人才能取胜,没有透彻掌握的人则不能取胜。因而,还要通过比较双方的具体条件来探究战争胜负的情形。这些条件是:双方君主哪一方施政清明、有道?将领哪一方更有才能?天时、地利哪一方占得多?军中法令哪一方执行得好?兵力哪一方更强大?士兵哪一方更训练有素?奖赏与惩罚哪一方更严明?我凭着对这些情况的分析比较,就可知道战争胜负的情形了。
【原文】将听吾计,用之必胜,留之;将不听吾计,用之必败,去之。计利以听,乃为之势,以佐其外。势者,因利而制权也。
【译文】如果您能接受我的军事思想,任用我领兵作战一定胜利,我就留下;如果您不能接受我的军事思想,用我领兵作战必定失败,我就离开。我的军事思想您认为好并且能够接受,我将为您造成军事上的势,从外辅佐您。所谓造
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