初中化学方程式计算 初中化学方程式计算经典例题
\u6c42\u6587\u6863: \u521d\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u521d\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u603b\u6c47
\u4e00\u3001 \u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u5355\u8d28\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\uff08\u5316\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\uff09
1. \u9541\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2Mg + O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= 2MgO
2. \u94c1\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a3Fe + 2O2=\u70b9\u71c3= Fe3O4
3. \u94dc\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u53d7\u70ed\uff1a2Cu + O2 =\u52a0\u70ed= 2CuO
4. \u94dd\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a4Al + 3O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= 2Al2O3
5. \u6c22\u6c14\u4e2d\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2H2 + O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= 2H2O
6. \u7ea2\u78f7\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff08\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u6c14\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff09\uff1a4P + 5O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= 2P2O5
7. \u786b\u7c89\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a S + O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= SO2
8. \u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u5145\u5206\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC + O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= CO2
9. \u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2C + O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= 2CO
\uff082\uff09\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
10. \u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2CO + O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= 2CO2
11. \u7532\u70f7\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aCH4 + 2O2 =\u70b9\u71c3=CO2 + 2H2O
12. \u9152\u7cbe\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC2H5OH + 3O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= 2CO2 + 3H2O
\uff083\uff09\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff1a
13\uff0e\u73bb\u4e49\u8033\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u6210\u5206\u5b9e\u9a8c 2HgO =\u52a0\u70ed= Hg+ O2 \u2191
14\uff0e\u52a0\u70ed\u9ad8\u9530\u9178\u94be\uff1a2KMnO4 =\u52a0\u70ed= K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2\u2191\uff08\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6c27\u6c14\u539f\u74061\uff09
15\uff0e\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u6c22\u5728\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u9530\u4f5c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
H2O2 (MnO2\u50ac\u5316\u5242)=2H2O+ O2 \u2191\uff08\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6c27\u6c14\u539f\u74062\uff09
\u4e8c\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\uff1a
16\uff0e\u6c34\u5728\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u5206\u89e3\uff08\u7814\u7a76\u6c34\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff09\uff1a
2H2O =\u901a\u7535= 2H2\u2191+ O2 \u2191
17\uff0e\u751f\u77f3\u7070\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1aCaO + H2O == Ca(OH)2
18\uff0e\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1a H2O + CO2==H2CO3
\u4e09\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a
19\uff0e\u9541\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2Mg + O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= 2MgO
20\uff0e\u94c1\u548c\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe + CuSO4 === FeSO4 + Cu
21\uff0e\u6c22\u6c14\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aH2 + CuO =\u52a0\u70ed= Cu + H2O
22. \u9541\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aMg + CuO =\u52a0\u70ed= Cu + MgO
\u56db\u3001\u78b3\u548c\u78b3\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u78b3\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28
23. \u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u5145\u5206\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC + O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= CO2
24\uff0e\u6728\u70ad\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aC+ 2CuO =\u9ad8\u6e29=2Cu + CO2\u2191
25\uff0e \u7126\u70ad\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\uff1a3C+ 2Fe2O3 =\u9ad8\u6e29= 4Fe + 3CO2\u2191
\uff082\uff09\u7164\u7089\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\uff08\u51e0\u4e2a\u5316\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\uff09
26\uff0e\u7164\u7089\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\uff1aC + O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= CO2
27\uff0e\u7164\u7089\u7684\u4e2d\u5c42\uff1aCO2 + C =\u9ad8\u6e29= 2CO
28\uff0e\u7164\u7089\u7684\u4e0a\u90e8\u84dd\u8272\u706b\u7130\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff1a2CO + O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= 2CO2
\uff083\uff09\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u5236\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6027\u8d28\uff1a
29\uff0e\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff09\uff1a
CaCO3 + 2HCl == CaCl2 + H2O + CO2\u2191
30\uff0e\u78b3\u9178\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u800c\u5206\u89e3\uff1aH2CO3 == H2O + CO2\u2191
31\uff0e\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff1a H2O + CO2== H2CO3
32\uff0e\u9ad8\u6e29\u7145\u70e7\u77f3\u7070\u77f3\uff08\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff09\uff1aCaCO3=\u9ad8\u6e29= CaO + CO2\u2191
33\uff0e\u77f3\u7070\u6c34\u4e0e\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u9274\u522b\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff09\uff1a
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 === CaCO3 \u2193+ H2O
\uff084\uff09\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a
34\uff0e\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u8fd8\u539f\u6c27\u5316\u94dc\uff1aCO+ CuO =\u52a0\u70ed= Cu + CO2
35\uff0e\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u53ef\u71c3\u6027\uff1a2CO + O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= 2CO2
\u5176\u5b83\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
36\uff0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff08\u706d\u706b\u5668\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff09:
Na2CO3 + 2HCl == 2NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
\u4e94\u3001\u71c3\u6599\u53ca\u5176\u5229\u7528\uff1a
37\uff0e\u7532\u70f7\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aCH4 + 2O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= CO2 + 2H2O
38\uff0e\u9152\u7cbe\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC2H5OH + 3O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= 2CO2 + 3H2O
39\uff0e \u6c22\u6c14\u4e2d\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2H2 + O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= 2H2O
\u516d\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e
\uff081\uff09\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
40\uff0e \u9541\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a2Mg + O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= 2MgO
41\uff0e \u94c1\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a3Fe + 2O2 =\u70b9\u71c3= Fe3O4
42. \u94dc\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u53d7\u70ed\uff1a2Cu + O2 =\u52a0\u70ed=2CuO
43. \u94dd\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u6c27\u5316\u819c\uff1a4Al + 3O2 = 2Al2O3
\uff082\uff09\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28 + \u9178 -------- \u76d0 + \u6c22\u6c14 \uff08\u7f6e\u6362\u53cd\u5e94\uff09
44. \u950c\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178Zn + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 + H2\u2191
45. \u94c1\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2\u2191
46. \u9541\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178Mg + H2SO4 = MgSO4 + H2\u2191
47. \u94dd\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u91782Al +3H2SO4 = Al2(SO4)3 +3 H2\u2191
48. \u950c\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178Zn + 2HCl == ZnCl2 + H2\u2191
49. \u94c1\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178Fe + 2HCl == FeCl2 + H2\u2191
50. \u9541\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178Mg+ 2HCl == MgCl2 + H2\u2191
51\uff0e\u94dd\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u91782Al + 6HCl == 2AlCl3 + 3 H2\u2191
\uff083\uff09\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28 + \u76d0\uff08\u6eb6\u6db2\uff09 ------- \u65b0\u91d1\u5c5e + \u65b0\u76d0
52. \u94c1\u548c\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe + CuSO4 == FeSO4 + Cu
53. \u950c\u548c\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aZn + CuSO4 ==ZnSO4 + Cu
54. \u94dc\u548c\u785d\u9178\u6c5e\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCu + Hg(NO3)2 == Cu(NO3)2 + Hg
\uff084\uff09\u91d1\u5c5e\u94c1\u7684\u6cbb\u70bc\u539f\u7406\uff1a
55\uff0e3CO+ 2Fe2O3 \u9ad8\u6e29 4Fe + 3CO2\u2191
\u4e03\u3001\u9178\u3001\u78b1\u3001\u76d0
1\u3001\u9178\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28
\uff081\uff09\u9178 + \u91d1\u5c5e -------- \u76d0 + \u6c22\u6c14\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\uff09
\uff082\uff09\u9178 + \u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269-------- \u76d0 + \u6c34
56. \u6c27\u5316\u94c1\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe2O3 + 6HCl ==2FeCl3 + 3H2O
57. \u6c27\u5316\u94c1\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe2O3 + 3H2SO4 == Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
58. \u6c27\u5316\u94dc\u548c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCuO + 2HCl ==CuCl2 + H2O
59. \u6c27\u5316\u94dc\u548c\u7a00\u786b\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCuO + H2SO4 == CuSO4 + H2O
\uff083\uff09\u9178 + \u78b1 -------- \u76d0 + \u6c34\uff08\u4e2d\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\uff09
60\uff0e\u76d0\u9178\u548c\u70e7\u78b1\u8d77\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aHCl + NaOH == NaCl +H2O
61. \u76d0\u9178\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a2HCl + Ca(OH)2 == CaCl2 + 2H2O
62. \u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u80c3\u9178\u8fc7\u591a\uff1a3HCl + Al(OH)3 == AlCl3 + 3H2O
63. \u786b\u9178\u548c\u70e7\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aH2SO4 + 2NaOH == Na2SO4 + 2H2O
\uff084\uff09\u9178 + \u76d0 -------- \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9178 + \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d0
64\uff0e\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCaCO3 + 2HCl == CaCl2 + H2O + CO2\u2191
65\uff0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94: Na2CO3 + 2HCl == 2NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
66\uff0e\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNaHCO3 + HCl== NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
67. \u786b\u9178\u548c\u6c2f\u5316\u94a1\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aH2SO4 + BaCl2 == BaSO4 \u2193+ 2HCl
2\u3001\u78b1\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28
\uff081\uff09 \u78b1 + \u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269 -------- \u76d0 + \u6c34
68\uff0e\u82db\u6027\u94a0\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u53d8\u8d28\uff1a2NaOH + CO2 == Na2CO3 + H2O
69\uff0e\u82db\u6027\u94a0\u5438\u6536\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u6c14\u4f53\uff1a2NaOH + SO2 == Na2SO3 + H2O
70\uff0e\u82db\u6027\u94a0\u5438\u6536\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u6c14\u4f53\uff1a2NaOH + SO3 == Na2SO4 + H2O
71\uff0e\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u653e\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u53d8\u8d28\uff1aCa(OH)2 + CO2 == CaCO3 \u2193+ H2O
72. \u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u5438\u6536\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\uff1aCa(OH)2 + SO2 == CaSO3 \u2193+ H2O
\uff082\uff09\u78b1 + \u9178-------- \u76d0 + \u6c34\uff08\u4e2d\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u89c1\u4e0a\uff09
\uff083\uff09\u78b1 + \u76d0 -------- \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u78b1 + \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d0
73. \u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u4e0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\uff1aCa(OH)2 + Na2CO3 == CaCO3\u2193+ 2NaOH
3\u3001\u76d0\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28
\uff081\uff09\u76d0\uff08\u6eb6\u6db2\uff09 + \u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28------- \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u91d1\u5c5e + \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d0
74. \u94c1\u548c\u786b\u9178\u94dc\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aFe + CuSO4 == FeSO4 + Cu
\uff082\uff09\u76d0 + \u9178-------- \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9178 + \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d0
75\uff0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94: Na2CO3 + 2HCl == 2NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNaHCO3 + HCl== NaCl + H2O + CO2\u2191
\uff083\uff09\u76d0 + \u78b1 -------- \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u78b1 + \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d0
76. \u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u9499\u4e0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\uff1aCa(OH)2 + Na2CO3 == CaCO3\u2193+ 2NaOH
\uff084\uff09\u76d0 + \u76d0 ----- \u4e24\u79cd\u65b0\u76d0
77\uff0e\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u548c\u785d\u9178\u94f6\u6eb6\u6db2\uff1aNaCl + AgNO3 == AgCl\u2193 + NaNO3
78\uff0e\u786b\u9178\u94a0\u548c\u6c2f\u5316\u94a1\uff1aNa2SO4 + BaCl2 == BaSO4\u2193 + 2NaCl
\uff087\u5206\uff09\uff082009•\u9655\u897f\uff09\u67d0\u5b66\u4e60\u5c0f\u7ec4\u540c\u5b66\u7528\u53f3\u56fe\u8bd5\u5242\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u5236\u53d6\u6c27\u6c14\uff0c\u53d6\u8be5\u6eb6\u6db217g\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u9002\u91cfMnO2\u5145\u5206\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0b\u5217\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u5c0f\u660e\u6839\u636e\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u6c22\u4e2d\u6c27\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff1d17g\u00d75%\u00d7\u6c27\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u00d72\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u6c22\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf \u00d7100%\uff1d17g\u00d75%\u00d73234 \u00d7100%\u3002
\u8001\u5e08\u6307\u51fa\u5c0f\u660e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f (\u586b\u5b57\u6bcd\u5e8f\u53f7)\u3002
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设稀盐酸的质量分数为x
写出二者反应的方程式：CaCo3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑
100 73
3g 3*5g*x
100/73=3g/(3*5g*x) x=14.6%
2,石灰石和盐酸混合后，质量减少的部分是生成的二氧化碳的质量，为4.4g
CaCo3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑
100 73 44
xg yg 4.4g
比例计算，得到x=10g，纯度为10g/100g=10%
y=7.3g, 7.3g/100g*100%=7.3%
(1)由题可得：减少的 3g 即为m（CaCo3）= 3g 质量分数=3/4=0,75
(2)CaCo3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑） 1g 碳酸钙对应5g盐酸
1g m
100 75 所以m=0.75g 盐酸质量分数=0.75/5=15.0%
（1）生成Co2的质量=100+100-195.6=4.4g
CaCo3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑）
100 75 44 所以m=10g 石灰石的质量分数=10/100=10%
m m（HCl） 4.4 m（HCl）=7.5g 盐酸的质量分数=7.5/100=7.5 %
恩，，楼上答的比我好，哈哈
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