化学中，为什么物质能量越低越稳定 高中化学中是物质能量越低越稳定还是能量越高越稳定？
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NH3(g)= NH2(g)+ H(g) D1 = 435kJ\u00b7mol
NH2(g)= NH(g)+ H(g) D2= 397kJ\u00b7mol
NH(g)= N(g)+ H(g) D3= 339kJ\u00b7mol
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E(N-H)=(D1+D2+D3)/3=1171/3=391kJ\u00b7mol
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\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u50a8\u85cf\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u6765\u505a\u529f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4ee5\u70ed\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6563\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70ed\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u505a\u529f\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u8981\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u70ed\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6d4b\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u70ed\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5982\u5343\u7126(kJ)\u3001\u5343\u5361(kcal)\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u80fd\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u88ab\u952e\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u5dee\u5f02(\u5982\u8868)\u3002\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5c0f\u952e\u80fd\u7684\u952e\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u79cd\u952e\u672c\u8eab\u8f83\u5f31\u3001\u8f83\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u90fd\u4ee5\u0394G0'\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\uff0c"+"\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u80fd\u91cf\u5e76\u672a\u4e27\u5931\u800c\u662f\u50a8\u85cf\u5728\u4ea7\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c"-"\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u80fd\u91cf\u4ece\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002
\u952e\u80fd\u662f\u8868\u5f81\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u952e\u65ad\u88c2\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u3002\u5728101.3kPa\u548c298K\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c061mol\u6c14\u6001\u5206\u5b50AB\u65ad\u88c2\u6210\u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u6001\u539f\u5b50\u6240\u5438\u6536\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53eb\u505aAB\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd(KJ\u00b7mol),\u5e38\u7528\u7b26\u53f7D(A-B)\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5373:AB(g)\u2500\u2192A(g)+ B(g)
\u5728\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u65ad\u88c2\u6c14\u6001\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53eb\u505a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u952e\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982:
NH3(g)= NH2(g)+ H(g) D1 = 435kJ\u00b7mol
NH2(g)= NH(g)+ H(g) D2= 397kJ\u00b7mol
NH(g)= N(g)+ H(g) D3= 339kJ\u00b7mol
NH3\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684N-H\u952e\uff0c\u4f46\u5148\u540e\u62c6\u5f00\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u952e\u80fd(Bond Energy)\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u5728101.3KPa\u548c298K\u4e0b\u5c061mol\u6c14\u6001\u5206\u5b50\u62c6\u5f00\u6210\u6c14\u6001\u539f\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u952e\u6240\u9700\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u952e\u80fd\u7528E\u8868\u793a\u3002\u663e\u7136\u5bf9\u53cc\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u952e\u80fd\u7b49\u4e8e\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c298.15K\u65f6\uff0cH\u7684\u952e\u80fdE(H-H)=D(H-H)=436kJ\u00b7mol;\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u952e\u80fd\u548c\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982NH\u5206\u5b50\u4e2dN-H\u952e\u7684\u952e\u80fd\u5e94\u662f\u4e09\u4e2aN-H\u952e\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c:
E(N-H)=(D1+D2+D3)/3=1171/3=391kJ\u00b7mol
\u952e\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u5149\u8c31\u5316\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6d4b\u5b9a\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u7528\u952e\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u79cd\u952e\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u3002
(\u6ce8\uff1a\u952e\u80fd\u5927\u5c0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u7269\u8d28\u80fd\u91cf\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u8868\u793a\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5230\u6d3b\u6cfc\u6001\u65f6\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4e4b\u5dee)
\u7531\u952e\u80fd\u6c42\u7113\u53d8\u516c\u5f0f:\u0394H=\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u603b\u952e\u80fd-\u751f\u6210\u7269\u7684\u603b\u952e\u80fd
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\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5ea6\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u662f\u952e\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4f7f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u65ad\u88c2\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u6784\u578b\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u9010\u6b65\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\u4f34\u968f\u6709\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u9664\u53cc\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u5916\uff0c\u952e\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u952e\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u65ad\u5f00 CH4\u7684\u56db\u4e2a C\u2500H\u952e\u7684\u952e\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u5206\u522b\u662f425\u3001470\u3001415\u3001335\u5343\u7126/\u6469\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u624d\u7b49\u4e8eC\u2500H\u952e\u7684\u952e\u80fd(411\u5343\u7126/\u6469)\u3002
物质要达到一定的能量（级别）才能变得不稳定，所以在吸收同等能量的情况下本身能量较低的物质就更不容易变得不稳定。
化学反应都是朝着混乱度降低熵值减小的方向进行的,也就是生成物要比反应物稳定.所以物质化学能越低,越稳定
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