32 标况下,224体积氨气溶于1体积水得密度为0.9g/ml 溶液,求溶质质量分数与物质量浓度? 在标准状况下,1体积水溶解700体积氨气,所得溶液密度为0....
\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b1\u4f53\u79ef\u6c34\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\u4e86448\u4f53\u79ef\u7684NH3\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a0.9g/cm3\u7684\u6c28\u6c34\uff0c\u6c42\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53NH3\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u540e\u867d\u7136\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u751f\u6210NH3?H2O\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u4ee5NH3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c28\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u8d28\uff1b\u6c14\u4f53\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u540e\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5747\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u6eb6\u6db2\u8d28\u91cf\u9664\u4ee5\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6c42\u51fa\u5176\u4f53\u79ef\uff0e\u8bbe\u6c34\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u4e3a1L\uff0c\u6c28\u6c14\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u4e3a448L\uff0c\u5219\u6c28\u6c14\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u4e3a448L22.4L/mol=20mol\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a1000g+20mol\u00d717g/mol=1340g\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u4e3a1340g0.9g/cm 3=1.49L\uff0c\u5219\u6c28\u6c34\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e3aw=20mol\u00d717g/mol1340g\u00d7100%=25.4%\uff0c\u6c28\u6c34\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3ac=20mol1.49L=13.4 mol/L\uff0c\u7b54\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c28\u6c34\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e3a25.4%\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3a13.4 mol/L\uff0e
\u8bbe\u4f53\u79ef\u4e3a\u5347\uff0c1\u5347\u6c34\u4e3a1000\u514b
700\u5347NH3\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\uff1d700/22.4=31.25mol
NH3\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff1d31.25*17\uff1d531.25\u514b
\u6240\u5f97\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u4e3a\uff1a
\uff081000\uff0b531.25\uff09/0.9=1701.4ml=1.7\u5347
\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c28\u6c34\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\uff1d31.25/1.7=18.4mol/L
\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\uff1d531.25/1531.25=34.7%
假设
为224L溶于1L
的水中
那么
224/22.4=10mol
那么
氨气质量为
m=10*17=170g
那么所得溶液的体积为
(170+1000)/0.9=2300ml
物质量浓度
=10/23
溶质质量分数=170/(170+1000)_
标况下,224L氨气溶于1L水得密度为0.9g/ml溶液,溶质质量分数是
224L
/
22.4L/mol
*
17g/mol
/
(224L
/
22.4L/mol
*
17g/mol
+
1000ml
*
1g/ml)
*
100%
=
14.5299%
把p=0.9、w=14.5299%、M=17代入量浓度公式c=1000pw/M
1000
*
0.9
*
0.145299
/17
=
7.6923mol/L
注:22.4L/mol为每摩气体的体积(L);17g/mol为氨气的摩尔质量。
绛旓細Vm(NH3)=17/0.771 L/mol=22.05 L/mol 鏍囧喌涓嬶紝NH3鐨勫瘑搴︽槸0.771 g/L
绛旓細鏍囧噯鐘跺喌涓22.4L姘ㄦ皵鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忕瓑浜1mol锛侊紒杩欓噷鏄父娓╁父鍘嬶紒锛佸父娓╁父鍘嬩笌鏍囧噯鐘跺喌鐩告瘮锛屽帇寮轰笉鍙橈紝娓╁害鍗囬珮锛堟爣鍑嗙姸鍐垫槸0搴︼紝甯告俯甯稿帇涓鑸寚25搴︼級銆傛俯搴﹀崌楂樹細瀵艰嚧姘斾綋鐨勮啫鑳锛屼娇寰楀悓鏍疯川閲忎笅鐨勬皵浣撻渶瑕佹洿澶х殑浣撶Н锛侊紒杩欎篃灏辨剰鍛崇潃锛屽悓鏍风殑浣撶Н涓嬶紙鏈緥涓负22.4L锛夛紝姘斾綋璐ㄩ噺浼氬皬涓浜涳紝鍥犳甯告俯甯稿帇...
绛旓細璁炬皑姘寸殑浣撶Н涓1L锛屽垯姘ㄦ按涓惈姘ㄦ皵12mol锛屾皑姘旇川閲忎负12mol*17g/mol=204g銆傛皑姘寸殑璐ㄩ噺涓1L*0.915g/cm3*1000cm3/L=915g锛屾墍浠ヨ川閲忕櫨鍒嗘瘮娴撳害涓猴細204g/915g*100%=22.3 鏍囧喌涓嬶紝22.4L姘ㄦ皵涓1mol锛屽彲鍒跺彇姘ㄦ按1/12L锛屾皑姘磋川閲忎负1/12L*0.915g/cm3*1000cm3/L=76.25g 姘ㄦ皵璐ㄩ噺涓1mol*17g/...
绛旓細锛1锛16g姘㈡皵鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲=16g2g/mol=8mol锛屾爣鍐典笅姘㈡皵鐨浣撶Н=8mol脳22.4L/mol=179.2L锛屾瘡涓狧2鍒嗗瓙鍚湁2涓狧鍘熷瓙锛屾晠鍚湁H鍘熷瓙鐗╄川鐨勯噺涓烘阿姘旂殑2鍊嶏紝鍚湁姘㈠師瀛愭暟鐩=8mol脳2脳6.02脳1023mol-1=9.632脳1024锛屾晠绛旀涓猴細179.2L锛9.632脳1024锛涳紙2锛鏍囧喌涓嬶紝22.4L姘ㄦ皵鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲=22.4L22....
绛旓細姘ㄦ皵鍏ㄩ儴婧朵簬姘达紝姘存憾娑插崰鎹皑姘斿師鏈夌殑绌洪棿銆1浣撶Н姘ㄦ皵褰㈡垚1浣撶Н婧舵恫锛1鎽╁皵姘ㄦ皵褰㈡垚22.4鍗囨憾娑诧紝鍥犳姘ㄦ按鐨勬祿搴︿负1/22.4=0.045mol/L
绛旓細1銆1鍗囨按婧惰В姘ㄦ皵浠ュ悗锛浣撶Н涓嶅啀鏄1鍗 2銆佹纭殑鍙欒堪搴旇鏄鏍囧喌涓嬶紝22.4鍗囨皑姘旀憾浜庢按锛屽舰鎴1鍗囨皑姘达紝娴撳害涓1mol/L 3銆佷綘璇寸殑鎯呭喌鍙兘鏄繎浼肩粨鏋滐紝鍑嗙‘鍊奸渶瑕佺煡閬撳瘑搴︽墠鑳界畻鍑
绛旓細N鐩稿鍘熷瓙璐ㄩ噺涓14.01 H鐩稿鍘熷瓙璐ㄩ噺涓1.008 鍥犳NH3鐩稿鍒嗗瓙璐ㄩ噺涓17.034 鎵浠TP涓婲H3鐨勫瘑搴﹀簲璇ヤ负17.034/22.4=0.7604g/L 瀹為檯涓奡TP涓1molNH3鐨浣撶Н搴旇涓22.4L鏈夊亸宸
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