谁有对于英国作家charlotte bronte的具体性评价 CharlotteBronte英文简介
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\u82f1\u6587\u540d\uff1a Charlotte Bront
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Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855), English writer noted for her novel Jane Eyre (1847), sister of Anne Bronte and Emily Bronte. The three sisters are almost as famous for their short, tragic lives as for their novels. In the past 40 years Charlotte Brontë's reputation has risen rapidly, and feminist criticism has done much to show that she was speaking up for oppressed women of every age.
Charlotte Brontë's reputation has risen rapidly, and feminist criticism has done much to show that she was speaking up for oppressed women of every age.
Charlotte was born in Thornton, Yorkshire, in the north of England, the daughter of an Anglican clergyman who moved with his family to Haworth amid the Yorkshire moors in 1820. After their mother and two eldest children died, Charlotte was left with her sisters Emily and Anne and brother Branwell to the care of their father, and their strict, religious aunt, Elisabeth Branwell. The children created imaginary kingdoms, which were built around Branwell's toy soldiers, and which inspired them to write continuing sagas about the fantasylands of Angria and Gondal.
Charlotte attended the Clergy Daughter's School at Cowan Bridge in 1824. She returned home next year because of the harsh conditions. In 1831 she went to school at Roe Head, where she later worked as a teacher. However, she fell ill, suffered from melancholia, and gave up this post. Charlotte's attempts to earn her living as a governess were hindered by her disabling shyness, her ignorance of normal children, and her yearning to be with her sisters.
The collection of poems, Poems By Currer, Ellis And Acton Bell (1846), which Charlotte wrote with her sisters, sold only two copies. By this time she had finished a novel; THE PROFESSOR, but it never found a publisher during her lifetime. Undeterred by this rejection, Charlotte began Jane Eyre, which appeared in 1847 and became an immediate success. Charlotte dedicated the book to William Makepeace Thackeray. The heroine is a penniless orphan who becomes a teacher, obtains a post as a governess, inherits money from an uncle, and marries the Byronic hero in the end.
Branwell and Emily died in 1848 and Anne died the following year. Although her identity was now well known, Charlotte continued to publish as Currer Bell. Jane Eyre was followed by Shirley (1848) and Vilette (1853). In Jane Eyre Charlotte used her experiences at the Evangelical school and as governess. The novel severely criticized the limited options open to educated but impoverished women. The title character from Shirley was an attempted ideal portrait of Emily. . Shirley was one of the first fully developed independent, brave, outspoken heroines in English literature.
In 1854 Charlotte Bronte married her father's curate, Arthur Bell Nicholls. She died during her pregnancy on March 31, 1855 in Haworth, Yorkshire. The Professor was posthumously published in 1857.
Related Links:http://www.online-literature.com/brontec/
主要内容： 简是孤儿，幼年时在舅母家过着连使女都不如的生活，舅母不久就将她送至罗沃德孤儿院，简毕业后留校当了两年教师，她受不了那里的孤寂、冷漠，登广告找到了一个家庭教师的工作，于是她来到了桑费尔德庄园。之后答应了庄园主罗切斯特的求婚，在得知罗切斯特已于15年前娶梅森先生的妹妹伯莎·梅森为妻的事实后，毅然离开了桑费尔德庄园，仅有的积蓄花光了，沿途乞讨，被圣约翰一家所救，并且谋到一个乡村教师的职位，又意外得到了二万英镑的遗产，当她拒绝圣约翰的求婚，再次回到桑费尔德庄园时，早已物是人非，曾经人头攒动开着舞会的地方已是一片废墟，原来几个月前，在一个风雨交加的夜晚，疯女人伯莎放火烧毁了整个庄园，罗彻斯特为了救她，被烧伤了一只手臂并且瞎了双眼，孤独地生活在几英里外的一个农场里。简·爱赶到农场，向他吐露自己的爱情，他们终于结婚了。
《简·爱》的 作者夏洛蒂.勃朗特
出生于1816年英国约克郡索恩托镇的牧师家庭，排行第三，前面有两个姐姐，后面有两个妹妹和一个弟弟。姐弟妹共6个。由于自小失去母亲，父亲因为经济与精力两不俱足，便不得不把夏洛蒂和她的两个姐姐及弟弟，送进由慈善机构创办的寄宿学校。那里的环境和生活条件很差，加上创办人苛刻的管束和严厉的处罚，冻饿和体罚便成了孩子们惯常的生活。不久，肺病夺去了两个姐姐的生命，父亲赶紧让夏洛蒂和弟弟逃离死亡的魔窟，返回家中。
1831年夏洛蒂进入罗赫德寄宿学校，这里的情况截然不同，夏洛蒂不但学业上很有长进，而且日子也过得十分愉快。虽然只呆了一年零四个月，但这儿温馨的生活给她留下了难忘的印象。
后来夏洛蒂在1835年返回罗赫德任教，两个妹妹跟随读书，抵去部分酬金，三年后离去。1838至1842年她与妹妹们辗转各地，以家庭教师为生。但因为这一职业地位低下，薪金微薄。又使姐妹们天各一方，难以相聚；她们便毅然放弃，决心自己创办学校。经过种种努力虽然它们热衷于办学，并做了种种准备，但最后依然没有成功。而这时父亲病倒了，颇有才气的弟弟染上了酗酒和吸毒的恶习，沦为废人。而家庭经济的重压越来越大，于是就在这种极度困难的情况下，夏洛蒂和妹妹们开始了写作。
她们姐妹三人经常在聚在一起，如饥如渴的读书，绘画和写作。书本开启了她们的心扉，提高了她们的学养；多难的生活使她们早熟，善于洞察世情；独特的经验为创作提供了充足的源泉；于是当她们的创作热情喷薄而出的时候，世界文学史上便奇迹似的在同一年，同一个家庭诞生了三部传世之作；夏洛蒂的《简·爱》，艾米莉的《呼啸山庄》和安妮的《阿格尼斯·格雷》。
除《简·爱》外，夏洛蒂还创作了《雪莉》，《维莱特》，《教师》，这些都是她之后的作品虽然评价都很不错但都不及《简·爱》的影响力大。
但谁知天妒英才，上帝毫不吝啬的塑造了这个天才之家，又似乎急不可耐的向他们伸出了毁灭之手。他们的才情才刚刚被人们所认识，便一个个流星似的消失了。先是多才多艺的弟弟夭折了。接着撰写不朽之作《呼啸山庄》的艾米莉于同年12月亡故。随之，次年五月另一个妹妹安妮离世。五年后的1854年，夏洛蒂在与丈夫出去散步时遇雨得病，于1855年3月31日故去，年仅39岁。
《简·爱》塑造了一个自尊自主、叛逆反抗的简，追求精神上的自由、平等，主要体现在敢于爱不顾等级森严的社会观念以及当尊严与爱相互冲突，鱼与熊掌不能兼得的时候，选择了尊严，作者安排了一个戏剧性的结尾，让简不必在爱与尊严的矛盾中孤老一生，展现的是作者自身美好愿望。
可以看到夏洛蒂的宗教意识在作品的字里行间、人像形象、故事情节甚至在一种情绪上得以体现。把简·爱的经历排列为：盖兹黑德府--劳渥德慈善学校--桑菲尔德府--出走来到圣约翰家中--回到桑菲尔德府，在简·爱的心理历程中的经历对应为：人性的盲目--神性的指导--神性与人性的冲突--人性的畏惧--神性的偏执-一人性的恢复和神性融合，这一过程展示：简·爱与众不同的宗教意识的产生与逐步完善。
夏洛蒂·勃朗特虽然一生仅写了四部小说（即：《教师》、《简·爱》、《谢利》和《维莱特》，其中《教师》在她去世后才出版），但她在文学史上却有着相当重要的地位。在她的小说中，最突出的主题就是女性要求独立自主的强烈愿望。这一主题可以说在她所有的小说中都顽强地表现出来，而将女性的呼声作为小说主题，这在她之前的英国文学史上是不曾有过的——她是表现这一主题的第一人。此外，她的小说还有一个特点，那就是人物和情节都与她自己的生活息息相关，因而具有浓厚的抒情色彩。女性主题加上抒情笔调，这是夏洛蒂·勃朗特创作的基本特色，也是她对后世英美作家的影响所在。后世作家在处理女性主题时，都不同程度地受到她的影响，尤其是关心女性自身命运问题的女作家，更是尊她为先驱，并把她的作品视为“现代女性小说”的楷模。
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绛旓細鏉庨渷閲庤瘧鏈婄畝鐖便嬫潕闇侀噹缈昏瘧鐨鑻卞浗浣滃澶忔礇钂偮峰媰鏈楃壒锛CharlotleBronte锛1816鈥1855骞达級鐨勪笉鏈藉悕钁椼婄畝鐖便嬶紝浜20涓栫邯30骞翠唬鍑虹増锛屽娆″啀鐗堬紝鍑犱箮鎴愪负涓浗骞垮ぇ璇昏呭繀璇荤殑澶栧浗鏂囧鍚嶈憲锛屽湪缈昏瘧鐣屼骇鐢熼噸澶у奖鍝嶃傝寘鐩炬浘缁忓啓鏂囩珷璇勮涓庢帹鑽愯繖涓瘧鏈傜畝鐖 鏉庨渷閲(1904鈥1997锛夛紝瀹夊窘闇嶉偙浜恒傜幇浠ｈ憲鍚嶆枃瀛﹀銆佺炕璇戝...
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绛旓細鍚勪釜鐗堟湰鍚勬湁鎵闀裤傝繖閲屾帹鑽愪竴浣嶆棭鏈熺殑璇戞湰锛屼篃鏄悕瀹剁殑缁忓吀璇戞湰銆傛潕闇侀噹璇戞湰銆婄畝鐖便嬫潕闇侀噹缈昏瘧鐨鑻卞浗浣滃澶忔礇钂偮峰媰鏈楃壒锛CharlotleBronte锛1816鈥1855骞达級鐨勪笉鏈藉悕钁椼婄畝鐖便嬶紝浜20涓栫邯30骞翠唬鍑虹増锛屽娆″啀鐗堬紝鍑犱箮鎴愪负涓浗骞垮ぇ璇昏呭繀璇荤殑澶栧浗鏂囧鍚嶈憲锛屽湪缈昏瘧鐣屼骇鐢熼噸澶у奖鍝嶃傝寘鐩炬浘缁忓啓鏂囩珷璇勮涓庢帹鑽愯繖涓瘧鏈
