“and“是“就近原则”还是“就远原则" ratherthan是就近原则还是就远原则
There be\u5c31\u8fd1\u539f\u5219\u8fd8\u662f\u5c31\u8fdc\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u8fd1\u539f\u5219\u3002
\u8fd9\u662f\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u77e9\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u79bbbe\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd1\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u5355\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u51b3\u5b9abe\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u66f4\u5feb\u6377\u3002
There be \u53e5\u578b\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u53e5\u578b\uff0c \u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u6709\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u6216\u201c\u67d0\u5730\u6709\u67d0\u7269\u201d\u3002There\u5728\u6b64\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u662f\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u526f\u8bcd\u201c\u90a3\u91cc\u201d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002
There be \u53e5\u578b\u7684\u6784\u6210\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u201cThere is/are + \u67d0\u7269/\u4eba +\u67d0\u5730/\u65f6\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u5730/\u65f6\u6709\u67d0\u7269/\u4eba\u3002
\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6599
There be \u540e\u9762\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u5c5e\u5012\u88c5\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5c06be\u6216will/have/can/must\u7b49\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\u3001\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u63d0\u81f3there\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5728be\u6216\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\u3001\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u52a0not\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u201c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u6216\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u7269\u6216\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5e38\u7528\u201cThere be + \u540d\u8bcd+ \u5730\u70b9\uff08\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u53e5\u578b\u3002
There are some sharks.
\u8fd9\u6709\u9ca8\u9c7c\u3002
Excuse me. Is there a repair shop near here for MP3?
\u6253\u6405\u4e86\uff0c\u9644\u8fd1\u6709MP3\u7ef4\u4fee\u5e97\u5417\uff1f
There are lots of people who can actually help you.
\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u3002
both and nither nor\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u5c31\u8fd1\u539f\u5219\u54ea\u4e9b\u5c31\u8fdc\u539f\u5219:
\u5c31\u8fd1\u539f\u5219
\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u90bb\u8fd1\u539f\u5219\u201d\u201c\u5c31\u8fd1\u4e00\u81f4\u539f\u5219\u201d(Proximity\uff09\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u8c13\u8bed\u4e0e\u9760\u8fd1\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u3001\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff08\u6709\u65f6\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff09\u5728\u201c\u4eba\u79f0\u3001\u6570\u201d\u4e0a\u4e00\u81f4\u3002
I.\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u6587\u4f53\u4e2d\uff1a
1.\u7531\u4e0b\u5217\u8bcd\u8bed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e76\u5217\u4e3b\u8bed\uff1a;or ; either \u2026or\uff1bnor; neither\u2026or\uff1bwhether\u2026or\uff1bnot\u2026but; not only\u2026but also; ; \u7b49\u3002e.g.
\u2460What he does or what he says does not concern me . \u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8a00\u8c08\u90fd\u4e0e\u6211 \u65e0\u5173\u3002
\u2461Neither you nor I am wrong . \u4f60\u548c\u6211\u90fd\u6ca1\u9519\u3002
\u2462Not you but your father is to blame . \u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f60\u7236\u4eb2\u8be5\u53d7\u8d23\u5907\u3002
\u2463Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f60\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u9519\u4e86\u3002
2. \u5728\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u4e2d\uff1a\u8c13\u8bed\u53ef\u4e0e\u540e\u9762\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e00\u81f4\u3002e.g.
\u2460In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . \u5728\u8fdc\u5904\uff0c\u80fd\u542c\u89c1\u9f13\u638c\u58f0\u548c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u547c\u558a\u58f0\u3002
\u2461There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .\u684c\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u652f\u94a2\u7b14\u548c\u51e0\u672c\u4e66\u3002
II. \u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6587\u4f53\u4e2d\uff1a
\u6709\u65f6\u4f9d\u201c\u5c31\u8fd1\u4e00\u81f4\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f9d\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u4e00\u81f4\u539f\u5219\u201d\u6216\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u4f9d\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4\u539f\u5219\u201d\u3002e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (\u610f\u4e49\u4e00\u81f4) \u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u90fd\u4e0d\u5728\u90a3\u513f\u3002\uff08\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\uff09
Neither she nor I was there .\uff08\u5c31\u8fd1\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\uff08\u8bd1\u6587\u540c\u4e0a\u53e5\uff09\uff08\u6b63\u5f0f\uff09
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f9d\u201c\u5c31\u8fd1\u4e00\u81f4\u539f\u5219\u201d\u800c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u9879\u539f\u5219\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u5e38\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u5408\u7b26\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u3002e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .\u4ec5\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\uff08\u4f9d\u201c\u5c31\u8fd1\u201d\u548c\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1b\u4f46\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u201cNo one \u201d\u624d\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u8981\u6539\u6210\u201cagrees\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5199\u4f5c\u4e2d\u201d\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u4f9d\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4\u201d\u539f\u5219\u3002
\u5c31\u8fdc\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e00\u81f4 \u3000\u3000\u4ee3\u8868\u8bcd\u6c47\uff1aas well as\uff1b\uff08together/along\uff09with\uff1brather than\uff1bexcept\uff1bbesides\uff1bbut\uff1bincluding\uff1bin addition to\uff1bapart from
\u5c31\u8fdc\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e00\u81f4
E.G\uff1aHe rather than I is right.
Nobody but two students is in the classroom.
\u5c31\u8fdc\u539f\u5219
\u2460What he does or what he says does not concern me . \u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8a00\u8c08\u90fd\u4e0e\u6211\u65e0\u5173\u3002
\u2461Neither you nor I am wrong . \u4f60\u548c\u6211\u90fd\u6ca1\u9519\u3002
\u2462Not you but your father is to blame . \u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f60\u7236\u4eb2\u8be5\u53d7\u8d23\u5907\u3002
\u2463Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f60\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u9519\u4e86\u3002
\u5c31\u8fd1\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u548c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e00\u81f4
\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u8fdc\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4f60\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5427
\u5982\u679c\u662fI and he are going to the park
\u8c13\u8bedis\u8981\u53d8\u6210are\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u6211\u548c\u4ed6
\u5982\u679c\u662fI with him \u5c31\u8981\u7528am\u4e86\uff0c\u4e3b\u8bed\u662fI
\u8fd8\u539f\u53e5\u5b50\uff1aI am going to the park with him
1，and并列是意义上是复数
My mom and my dad love me.
2,and并列的名词可以被视作是一套东西
ham and egg fish and chips
3,and 并列的结构在形式上看是单数但是实际表示复数的意义
What I think and say are none of your business.(这里我经常搞错，实际是用复数的！)
4当并列结构中有every each.many a 时，谓语动用单数
and 不是就近原则，英语一般不存在就远原则
主语由and连接的话谓语一般用复数的形式
不是就近也不是就远。and连接并列主语时，若意义为复数，则后面谓语用复数；若表示的是单数意义，后谓语用单数。
and 他没有就近原则 both and 就没有就近原则。and只要主语加起来超过一个就用are 例如both my mun and I are like playing games.
绛旓細Both Li Ming and Wei Hua are good at English.2.and 杩炴帴涓や釜鎴愬垎浣滀富璇椂锛岃皳璇鐢ㄥ鏁板舰寮忋俌ou and she are on duty today.3.閲囩敤灏辫繎鍘熷垯鐨勬儏鍐碉細褰撹繛璇嶆垨杩炶瘝鐭杩炴帴涓や釜鎴愬垎锛岃岄噸鐐瑰己璋冪殑鏄滃叾涓箣涓鈥濈殑鏃跺欙紝瑕侀噰鐢ㄥ氨杩戝師鍒欍俹r, either...or..., neither...nor..., not ...
绛旓細both...and涓鏄氨杩戝師鍒 鍒濅腑鐨勫氨杩戝師鍒欎箣娑夊強 there be鍙ュ瀷 either...or neither...nor
绛旓細both...and涓鏄氨杩戝師鍒 either or鏄氨杩戝師鍒 鎰忔濅负锛氫笉鏄傘傚氨鏄
绛旓細鈶r鐢ㄥ湪閫夋嫨鐤戦棶鍙ヤ腑锛屾剰涓衡滄垨鑰咃紝杩樻槸鈥濄and涓嶅彲鐢ㄤ簬鐤戦棶鍙ャ備緥濡傦細Is he a doctor or a teacher?缈昏瘧涓衡滀粬鏄尰鐢熻繕鏄暀甯堬紵鈥濊繖閲屽彧鑳界敤or 锛屼笉鑳界敤and . and涓鑸敤浜庤偗瀹氭х殑闄堣堪鍙ヤ腑銆傗憿鍥哄畾鎼厤涓嶅悓锛歰r鍦ㄥ彞鍨嬧滅浣垮彞+or+闄堣堪鍙モ濅腑锛岃〃绀哄湪浠ョ浣垮彞涓烘潯浠朵笅鐨勭浉鍙嶅亣璁撅紝or鎰忎负鈥滃惁鍒...
绛旓細either...or...neither...nor杩炴帴涓や釜涓昏鏃讹紝鍏惰皳璇姩璇嶅簲涓庢渶杩戠殑涓涓富璇湪浜虹О鍜屾暟涓婁繚鎸佷竴鑷达紝杩欏氨鏄垜浠氬父璇寸殑"灏辫繎鍘熷垯"銆俠oth...and琛ㄧず涓よ呴兘鈥︹︿緥锛歜oth you and i are good students.浣犲拰鎴戦兘鏄ソ瀛︾敓銆傛敞鎰忥細鍔ㄨ瘝璋撹鐢ㄥ鏁 either...or琛ㄧず涓よ呬腑鏈変竴涓紝瑕佷箞鈥﹁涔 渚嬶細...
绛旓細鎴戝拰浼戞棭绂诲紑浜嗐2銆丠e can't read or write.浠栦笉浼氳锛屼笉浼氬啓銆備簩銆乷r鐢ㄥ湪閫夋嫨鐤戦棶鍙ヤ腑锛屾剰涓衡滄垨鑰咃紝杩樻槸鈥濄and涓嶅彲鐢ㄤ簬鐤戦棶鍙ャ1銆丄re you coming or not?浣犳潵杩樻槸涓嶆潵锛2銆両s your sister older or younger than you?浣犵殑濮愬姣斾綘澶ц繕鏄皬锛熶笁銆佸浐瀹氭惌閰嶄笉鍚 or鍦ㄥ彞鍨嬧滅浣垮彞+or+...
绛旓細鈶here is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .妗屼笂鏈変竴鏀挗绗斿拰鍑犳湰涔︺侷I. 闈炴寮忔枃浣撲腑:鏈夋椂渚濃灏辫繎涓鑷鍘熷垯鈥,浣嗕篃鍙緷鈥滄剰涔変竴鑷村師鍒欌濇垨涓ユ牸鍦颁緷鈥滆娉曚竴鑷村師鍒欌濄俥.g.Neither she nor I were there (鎰忎箟涓鑷) 鎴戝拰浠栧綋鏃堕兘涓嶅湪閭ｅ効銆(闈炴寮)Neither she nor I was there .(...
绛旓細鍜岋紝涓庘濅箣鎰忋2銆乷r鐢ㄥ湪閫夋嫨鐤戦棶鍙ヤ腑锛屾剰涓衡滄垨鑰咃紝杩樻槸鈥濄and涓嶅彲鐢ㄤ簬鐤戦棶鍙ャ3銆佸浐瀹氭惌閰嶄笉鍚岋細or鍦ㄥ彞鍨嬧滅浣垮彞+or+闄堣堪鍙モ濅腑锛岃〃绀哄湪浠ョ浣垮彞涓烘潯浠朵笅鐨勭浉鍙嶅亣璁撅紝or鎰忎负鈥滃惁鍒欙紝瑕佷笉鐒垛濄俥ither鈥r鎰忔濅负"鎴栬呪︹︽垨鑰呪︹"銆傛敞鎰忚皳璇姩璇嶇殑涓昏皳涓鑷撮噰鐢灏辫繎鍘熷垯銆
绛旓細1 鐢眅ither 鈥 or 鈥 , neither 鈥 nor 鈥 , not only 鈥 but also 鈥 , not 鈥 but 鈥.., 鎴杘r杩炴帴涓や釜骞跺垪涓昏鏃讹紝璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝涓庤緝杩戠殑涓昏淇濇寔涓鑷淬傚嵆鈥灏辫繎鍘熷垯鈥欍2 There be 鈥﹀拰 here be 鈥. 涓殑BE 涓庡氨杩戠殑涓昏鍦ㄦ暟涓婁繚鎸佷竴鑷淬 鍗斥 灏辫繎鍘熷垯鈥欍3 鐢and 杩炴帴鐨勪袱涓悕璇...
绛旓細浜屻乷r鐢ㄥ湪閫夋嫨鐤戦棶鍙ヤ腑锛屾剰涓衡滄垨鑰咃紝杩樻槸鈥濄and涓嶅彲鐢ㄤ簬鐤戦棶鍙ャ備笁銆佸浐瀹氭惌閰嶄笉鍚 or鍦ㄥ彞鍨嬧滅浣垮彞+or+闄堣堪鍙モ濅腑锛岃〃绀哄湪浠ョ浣垮彞涓烘潯浠朵笅鐨勭浉鍙嶅亣璁撅紝or鎰忎负鈥滃惁鍒欙紝瑕佷笉鐒垛濄俥ither鈥r鎰忔濅负"鎴栬呪︹︽垨鑰呪︹"銆傛敞鎰忚皳璇姩璇嶇殑涓昏皳涓鑷撮噰鐢灏辫繎鍘熷垯銆備緥鍙ワ細Is he a doctor or a teacher?
