科学家简介英文版 急求女科学家英文简介
\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7b80\u4ecb(\u82f1\u6587)Isacc Newton
Toward the end of the 1600s Newton picked up on Descartes' theories of motion and completed the mechanistic vision of the universe that he had laid out. In his Principia (1687) he so thoroughly pulled the mechanistic vision together that it became the single most important foundation piece for the modern world-view.
He "demonstrated" that all things within the universe are made up of minute bits of matter which are held together in their shape and movement through the force of natural attraction or gravity (the gravitational attraction of two bodies is equal to the product of their mass divided by the square of the distance between them). This theory explained quite fully everything from the movement of the planets through the skies, to the movements of the tides, to the velocity of falling objects--and more.
Just as importantly--the completeness of the theory left no possibility of seeing creation as a "living" thing. Creation was without life of its own; it was instead mere "matter" responding mechanically to a set of fixed mathematical laws.
Nonetheless, Newton thought of himself as being religiously quite devout. His theory of the universe --so he thought--was intended as a powerful tribute to the Grand Architect who designed such a wonderfully complex yet beautiful creation.
However, Newton depicted God in such a way that God actually lost "personality" and the realm of sovereign action. God was left a role in nature largely as "First Mover" with no further significant intervention in life. God nearly became identified with the eternity or infinity of the universe.
Thomas Edison's Life
Thomas Alva Edison was born in 1847 in Milan, Ohio. At that time, James Polk was President and Abraham Lincoln was just contemplating running for the legislature. When Edison died in 1931, at the age of 84, Herbert Hoover was President and we were in the middle of the Great Depression. During his lifetime Edison saw the United States engaged in two major wars: the Civil War when he was a teenager, and World War I when he was an adult and appointed to assist the Secretary of the Navy. His inventions had a significant effect upon his times and permanently altered the way in which we live today. Can you imagine life without the electric light? The phonograph and all of its improvements? The motion picture?
At the age of 12, Edison began work as a "candy butcher" aboard the Grand Trunk Railroad's commuter line between Port Huron, Michigan, where we lived with his parents, and Detroit. He sold newspapers, fruit and candy to the passengers. The train left Port Huron about 7:00 in the morning and returned at 9:00 or 9:30 at night. The trip included a six hour layover in Detroit, during which time he claims to have read "the entire public library." He was an omnivorous reader and loved to experiment with chemicals and machinery. He constantly wanted to investigate how things worked and liked to see if he could make things better. On the train he was allowed a table in an empty baggage car on which to work. He even brought a broken printing press, repaired it and taught himself to print. He may have produced the first newspaper printed on a moving train. Edison began noticing a loss of hearing around this time, which increased throughout his life.
At that time, telegraph lines often ran parallel to the railroad tracks, and many of the station masters were telegraph operators. Edison was struck by the importance of telegraphy in communication. At home he rigged a makeshift telegraph line between his house and that of a friend so that they could send messages back and forth. Later he and his father would "read" the paper over the telegraph line. Soon he decided to become a real telegraph operator, and with the help of one of the station masters, he learned this skill. He became a telegrapher at the age of 15 and began working for Western Union in such places as Indianapolis, Cincinnati and Memphis. In 1866, at the age of 19, Thomas Edison came to Louisville as an employee of Western Union whose office was then located at the Southwest corner of Main and Second Street. After a brief excursion to New Orleans in August 1866, he returned to work in Louisville. He then found lodging in a shotgun duplex on East Washington Street.
Edison requested the night shift at work which allowed him plenty of time to spend at his two favorite pastimes -- reading and experimenting. However, it was the latter that eventually cost him his job. One night in 1867, he was working with a battery when he spilled sulphuric acid onto the floor. It ran between the floorboards and onto his boss' desk below. The next morning he was fired.
While this event marked the end of Thomas Edison's stay in Louisville.
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1ahttp://www.newgenevacenter.org/biography/newton2.htm http://www.edisonhouse.org/bio.php
Hawking grew up outside London.His father was a doctor,his mother was active in politics.He was not a smart schoolboy,but knew from early on that he would study science.He became good at mathematics and in 1958 he and some friends built a simple computer tha actually worked.In 1959 he won a scholarship to Oxford University.In 1962 he got his degree with honors and went to Cambridge University to get a PhD in astronmy.There he become interested in black holes.After receiving his PhD,he statyed at Cambridge,becoming known even in his middle 20s for his pioneering ideas.
In 1968 he studied in the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.He published the very technical book,Large Scale Structure of Space-Time and afterwards made a great discovery.It had always been thought that nothing could escape a balck hole.He continude working on the theory of the origin of the universe.
At the age of 32,he was named a fellow of the Royal Society;at the same year he received the Albret Einstien Award.Five years later,in 1979,he was appointed Top Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge,which was held by Sir Isaac Newton 300 years earlier.
In 1988 Hawking wrote A Brief History of Time,which became a best-seller.He wrote other popular articles and appeared in movies and television.He remains extremely busy,and his work hardly slowed by the disease that affects muscle cintrol,for which he uses a wheelchair and speaks though a speech computer.He said,"My goal is simple.It is complete understanding of the unverse,why it is as it is and why it exists at all."
斯蒂芬·霍金生于伽利略去世300周年纪念日。他是自阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦以来物理学界最伟大的人物。
霍金是在伦敦郊区长大的。他的父亲曾是一位医生，而母亲是政治活动者。霍金在学校时并不很聪明，但他很早就立志要学习自然科学。他渐渐在数学方面展露特长，1958年他和一些朋友一起组装了一台简单的能够进行实际运算的计算机。1959年，他获得了牛津大学的奖学金。1962年，他以优异成绩获得了学位，并前往剑桥大学攻读天文学博士。在那里，他开始对黑洞感兴趣。在获得博士学位后，他继续留在剑桥，在他二十几岁的时候就由于他的创造性的想法而闻名。
1968年，他在剑桥大学的天文研究所做研究。他出版了一本非常专业的书《时空的大尺度结构》，之后又作出了一项重大发现。一度科学家们认为没有任何物质能逃离黑洞的捕捉。他继续研究宇宙起源的理论。
32岁的时候，他进入了皇家科学院；同年，他又获得了阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦奖。五年后，也就是1979年，他被任命为剑桥大学数学系的首席教授，这个数学系是以萨克·牛顿爵士在300年前创办的。
1988年，霍金写了《时间简史》一书，这本书成为了一本畅销书。他又写了其他一些受欢迎的文章，并在电影和电视上露面。他一直都相当忙碌，他的工作很少因为疾病而受到耽误，这是一种会影响到肌肉控制的疾病，也因为如此，他需要坐在轮椅上，并且通过一台语言电脑讲话。他说：“我的目标很简单。就是完全了解宇宙，为什么它是现在这样和为什么它存在。”
About Stephen - A Brief History of Mine
Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father's old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.
参考资料：http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/7956814.html
About Stephen - A Brief History of Mine
Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father's old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.
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About Stephen - A Brief History of Mine
eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father's old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.
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About Stephen - A Brief History of Mine
Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his father's old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.
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绛旓細Birthplace: Ulm, Germany Died: 18 April 1955 (heart failure)Best Known As: Creator of the theory of relativity Thanks to his theory of relativity, Albert Einstein became the most famous scientist of the 20th century. In 1905, while working in a Swiss patent office, Einstein publis...
绛旓細Among the several important discoveries Einstein made in his life, the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity 涓枃鎰忔濅负锛氳壘浼壒鐖卞洜鏂潶琚涓烘槸鏈浼熷ぇ鐨绉戝瀹绗簩鍗佷笘绾殑涓涓紵澶х殑鎵鏈夋椂闂淬備粬鐨勫彂鐜板拰鐞嗚鏋佸ぇ鍦板奖鍝嶇瀛︾殑璁稿棰嗗煙銆傜埍鍥犳柉鍧︽槸澶╃敓鐨1879鍦ㄤ竴涓煄甯傦紝鍦ㄥ痉...
绛旓細閭撶鍏(1924.6.25-1986.7.29) 涓浗鏍哥墿鐞嗗瀹,涓浗绉戝闄㈤櫌澹.浠栫敓浜庡畨寰界渷鎬瀹,1945骞存瘯涓氫簬瑗垮崡鑱斿悎澶у鐗╃悊绯,1950骞磋幏缇庡浗鏅浮澶у鐗╃悊瀛﹀崥澹浣,鍘嗕换涓浗绉戝闄㈣繎浠ｇ墿鐞嗙爺绌舵墍鍓爺绌跺憳鍏间腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌鐗╃悊瀛︽暟瀛﹀寲瀛﹂儴鍓鏈涔,鏍稿伐涓氶儴绗節鐮旂┒璁捐闄㈢爺绌跺憳,鍓櫌闀,闄㈤暱,鏍稿伐涓氶儴鍓富浠,鍥介槻绉戝伐濮旂瀛︽妧鏈鍛...
绛旓細闃垮皵浼壒路鐖卞洜鏂潶锛圓lbert Einstein锛1879骞3鏈14鏃モ1955骞4鏈18鏃ワ級锛屽嚭鐢熶簬寰峰浗绗﹁吘鍫＄帇鍥戒箤灏斿甯傦紝姣曚笟浜庤嫃榛庝笘鑱旈偊鐞嗗伐瀛﹂櫌锛岀姽澶鐗╃悊瀛﹀銆傜埍鍥犳柉鍧︿簬1879骞村嚭鐢熶簬寰峰浗涔屽皵濮嗗競鐨勪竴涓姽澶汉瀹跺涵锛1900骞存瘯涓氫簬鑻忛粠涓栬仈閭︾悊宸ュ闄紝鍏ョ憺澹浗绫嶃1905骞达紝鑾疯嫃榛庝笘澶у鍝插鍗氬＋瀛︿綅锛岀埍鍥犳柉鍧︽彁鍑哄厜瀛愬亣璁...
绛旓細鑹句集鐗圭埍鍥犳柉鍧﹁瑙嗕负 20 涓栫邯鍜屾渶濂界殑涔嬩竴鏈浼熷ぇ绉戝瀹鏁存椂闂淬 浠栫殑鍙戠幇鍜岀悊璁哄湪璁稿棰嗗煙涓凡缁忛潪甯稿奖鍝嶇瀛︺傜埍鍥犳柉鍧﹀湪 1879 骞村湪 Ulm 鍑虹敓, 鍦ㄥ痉鍥界殑涓涓煄甯傘 韬负涓涓敺瀛╋紝浠栨參瀛︿範璇磋瘽锛屼絾鏄◢鍚庡湪浠栫殑瀛╃鏃舵湡鏂归潰锛屼粬琛ㄧず鍏充簬鑷劧鐨勬濂藉蹇冨拰鑳藉姏瑙ｅ喅鍥伴毦鐨勬暟瀛﹂棶棰樸 鍦ㄤ粬绂诲紑浜嗗鏍′箣鍚...
绛旓細琚侀殕骞鑻辫浠嬬粛锛歋ince ancient times, the people have been the trend of promoting the development of history, food for the people and rice for the food, Therefore, the scientist I admire most is Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice.In my mind, the image of Yuan Longping is ...
绛旓細琚侀殕骞鑻辫浠嬬粛鏈夛細1銆乊uan Longping (born September 7,1930) is a Chinese agricultural scientist and educator,knownfor developing the first hybrid rice varieties in the 1970s.His "hybrid rice" has since been grown indozens of countries in Africa,America,and Asia鈥攑roviding a robust ...
绛旓細鑻卞浗鍓戞ˉ澶у搴旂敤鏁板鍙婄悊璁虹墿鐞嗗绯绘暀鎺,褰撲唬鏈閲嶈鐨勫箍涔夌浉瀵硅鍜屽畤瀹欒瀹,鏄湰涓栫邯浜湁鍥介檯鐩涜獕鐨勪紵浜轰箣涓,琚О涓哄湪涓栫殑鏈浼熷ぇ鐨绉戝瀹,杩樿绉颁负鈥滃畤瀹欎箣鐜嬧濄1942骞1鏈8鏃ョ敓浜庤嫳鍥界墰娲ョ殑闇嶉噾鍒氬ソ鍑虹敓浜庝冀鍒╃暐閫濅笘300鍛ㄥ勾绾康鏃ヤ箣鏃躲70骞翠唬浠栦笌褰綏鏂竴閬撹瘉鏄庝簡钁楀悕鐨勫鎬у畾鐞,涓烘浠栦滑鍏卞悓鑾峰緱浜1988骞寸殑...
绛旓細"father of mechanics".Archimedes, together with Gauss and Newton, are the three major mathematicians in the world.闃垮熀绫冲痉锛屼紵澶х殑鍙ゅ笇鑵婂摬瀛﹀銆佺櫨绉戝紡绉戝瀹銆佹暟瀛﹀銆佺墿鐞嗗瀹躲佸姏瀛﹀锛岄潤鎬佸姏瀛﹀拰娴佷綋闈欏姏瀛︾殑濂犲熀浜猴紝骞朵笖浜湁鈥滃姏瀛︿箣鐖垛濈殑缇庣О锛岄樋鍩虹背寰峰拰楂樻柉銆佺墰椤垮苟鍒椾负涓栫晫涓夊ぇ鏁板瀹躲
