\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u53f2\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4e66
\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u6545\u4e8b.\u534e\u7f57\u5e9a
\u534e\u7f57\u5e9a(1910~1985),\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u30021910\u5e7411\u670812\u65e5\u751f\u4e8e\u6c5f\u82cf\u91d1\u575b\uff0c1985\u5e746\u670812\u65e5\u5352\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u4e1c\u4eac\u3002
\u534e\u7f57\u5e9a\u539f\u6765\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u8c03\u76ae\u3001\u8d2a\u73a9\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5f88\u6709\u6570\u5b66\u624d\u80fd\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u8001\u5e08\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u6709\u540d\u7684\u7b97\u9898\u2014\u2014\u6709\u4e00\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u30023\u4e2a3\u4e2a\u5730\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f592\uff1b5\u4e2a5\u4e2a\u5730\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f593\uff1b7\u4e2a7\u4e2a\u7684\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f592\u3002\u95ee\u8fd9\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u9898\u76ee\u51fa\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u8bae\u8bba\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u8c01\u4e5f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u51fa\u5f97\u6570\u3002\u8001\u5e08\u521a\u8981\u5f20\u53e3\uff0c\u534e\u7f57\u5e9a\u4e3e\u624b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u662f23\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f46\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e86\u5f97\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e5f\u5f88\u7279\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u8001\u5e08\u5927\u4e3a\u60ca\u8be7\u3002
\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u806a\u660e\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u8bfb\u5b8c\u4e2d\u5b66\u540e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bb6\u91cc\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u5931\u5b66\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5bb6\u7684\u5c0f\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u505a\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u5356\u70b9\u9999\u70df\u3001\u9488\u7ebf\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u66ff\u7236\u4eb2\u6311\u8d77\u4e86\u517b\u6d3b\u5168\u5bb6\u7684\u62c5\u5b50\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u534e\u7f57\u5e9a\u4ecd\u7136\u9177\u7231\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u5c31\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u5b66\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u4e00\u4f4d\u8001\u5e08\u501f\u6765\u4e86\u51e0\u672c\u6570\u5b66\u4e66\uff0c\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u4fbf\u7740\u4e86\u9b54\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u8fb9\u505a\u751f\u610f\u3001\u7b97\u5e10\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u770b\u4e66\u5165\u4e86\u795e\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u4e70\u4e1c\u897f\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5fd8\u4e86\u62db\u547c\u3002\u508d\u665a\uff0c\u5e97\u94fa\u5173\u95e8\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u5730\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u738b\u56fd\u91cc\u5c3d\u60c5\u6f2b\u6e38\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u5230\u5934\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u8981\u82b1\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u94bb\u7814\u90a3\u4e9b\u501f\u6765\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u4e66\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u7761\u5230\u534a\u591c\uff0c\u60f3\u8d77\u4e00\u9053\u6570\u5b66\u96be\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u51c6\u4f1a\u7ffb\u8eab\u8d77\u5e8a\uff0c\u70b9\u4eae\u5c0f\u6cb9\u706f\uff0c\u628a\u89e3\u6cd5\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6765\u3002
\u6b63\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u5f97\u4e86\u4f24\u5bd2\u75c5\uff0c\u8eba\u5728\u5e8a\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u603b\u7b97\u6361\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u5de6\u811a\u5374\u843d\u4e0b\u4e86\u7ec8\u8eab\u6b8b\u75be\u3002\u5728\u8d2b\u75c5\u4ea4\u52a0\u4e2d\uff0c\u534e\u7f57\u5e9a\u4ecd\u7136\u628a\u5168\u90e8\u5fc3\u8840\u7528\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\uff0c\u63a5\u8fde\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u718a\u5e86\u6765\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002
1932\u5e74\u5728\u718a\u5e86\u6765\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u534e\u7f57\u5e9a\u5230\u4e86\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u540d\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u4eba\u8981\u5e72\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u81ea\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u81ea\u4fee\u4e86\u82f1\u6587\u3001\u5fb7\u6587\uff0c\u80fd\u7528\u82f1\u6587\u5199\u8bba\u6587\u3002
1936\u5e74\u8d74\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u30021938\u5e74\u56de\u56fd\u540e\u4efb\u897f\u5357\u8054\u5408\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u30021946\u5e74\u8d74\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4efb\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3001\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c1950\u5e74\u56de\u56fd\u3002\u5386\u4efb\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6240\u957f\u3001\u540d\u8a89\u6240\u957f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u7406\u4e8b\u957f\u3001\u540d\u8a89\u7406\u4e8b\u957f\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u7ade\u8d5b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u56fd\u5916\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u5fb7\u56fd\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u90e8\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u526f\u9662\u957f\u3001\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56e2\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u526f\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u534f\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5b66\u4f4d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u7b49\u804c\u3002\u66fe\u4efb\u4e00\u81f3\u516d\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u516d\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u66fe\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u6cd5\u56fd\u5357\u9521\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u8363\u8a89\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u8bba\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u3001\u5178\u578b\u7fa4\u3001\u81ea\u5b88\u51fd\u6570\u8bba\u3001\u591a\u590d\u53d8\u51fd\u6570\u8bba\u3001\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u3001\u9ad8\u7ef4\u6570\u503c\u79ef\u5206\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u6559\u6388\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u53d6\u5f97\u7a81\u51fa\u6210\u5c31\u300240\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u9ad8\u65af\u5b8c\u6574\u4e09\u89d2\u548c\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u4f73\u8bef\u5dee\u9636\u4f30\u8ba1\uff08\u6b64\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u6570\u8bba\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff09\uff1b\u5bf9G.H.\u54c8\u4ee3\u4e0eJ.E.\u674e\u7279\u5c14\u4f0d\u5fb7\u5173\u4e8e\u534e\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u53caE.\u8d56\u7279\u5173\u4e8e\u5854\u91cc\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002
\u5728\u4ee3\u6570\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u957f\u4e45\u9057\u7559\u7684\u4e00\u7ef4\u5c04\u5f71\u51e0\u4f55\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u7406\uff1b\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4f53\u7684\u6b63\u89c4\u5b50\u4f53\u4e00\u5b9a\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5609\u5f53\uff0d\u5e03\u9976\u5c14\uff0d\u534e\u5b9a\u7406\u3002\u5176\u4e13\u8457\u300a\u5806\u5792\u7d20\u6570\u8bba\u300b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u603b\u7ed3\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u54c8\u4ee3\u4e0e\u674e\u7279\u5c14\u4f0d\u5fb7\u5706\u6cd5\u3001\u7ef4\u8bfa\u683c\u62c9\u591a\u592b\u4e09\u89d2\u548c\u4f30\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53d1\u886840\u4f59\u5e74\u6765\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u679c\u4ecd\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u88ab\u8bd1\u4e3a\u4fc4\u3001\u5308\u3001\u65e5\u3001\u5fb7\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7ecf\u5178\u6570\u8bba\u8457\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5176\u4e13\u8457\u300a\u591a\u4e2a\u590d\u53d8\u5178\u578b\u57df\u4e0a\u7684\u8c03\u548c\u5206\u6790\u300b\u4ee5\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u77e9\u9635\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u7fa4\u8868\u793a\u8bba\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5178\u578b\u57df\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6b63\u4ea4\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u67ef\u897f\u4e0e\u6cca\u677e\u6838\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u8c03\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3001\u590d\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u66fe\u83b7\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5956\u4e00\u7b49\u5956\u3002\u5021\u5bfc\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7814\u5236\uff0c\u66fe\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u7edf\u7b79\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e73\u8bdd\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4f18\u9009\u5b66\u300b\u7b49\u591a\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u5e76\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u63a8\u5e7f\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4e0e\u738b\u5143\u6559\u6388\u5408\u4f5c\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6570\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\u83b7\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u534e\uff0d\u738b\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u666e\u53ca\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u53d1\u8868\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587200\u591a\u7bc7\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u4e13\u8457\u548c\u79d1\u666e\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\u6570\u5341\u79cd\u3002
\u5218\u5fbd\uff08\u751f\u4e8e\u516c\u5143250\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5360\u6709\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0e\u4ed6\u7684\u6770\u4f5c\u300a\u4e5d\u7ae0\u7b97\u672f\u6ce8\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6d77\u5c9b\u7b97\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u6700\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u9057\u4ea7\uff0e\u8d3e \u5baa\u8d3e\u5baa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5317\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u66fe\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u9ec4\u5e1d\u4e5d\u7ae0\u7b97\u6cd5\u7ec6\u8349\u300b\uff08\u4e5d\u5377\uff09\u548c\u300a\u7b97\u6cd5\u6586\u53e4\u96c6\u300b\uff08\u4e8c\u5377\uff09\uff08\u6586xi\u910c\uff0c\u610f\uff1a\u6570\u5bfc\uff09\u5747\u5df2\u5931\u4f20\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4e86"\u8d3e\u5baa\u4e09\u89d2"\u548c\u589e\u4e58\u5f00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u589e\u4e58\u5f00\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u6c42\u9ad8\u6b21\u5e42\u7684\u6b63\u6839\u6cd5\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e2d\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u9664\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u7406\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5747\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u4eff\uff0c\u589e\u4e58\u5f00\u65b9\u6cd5\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6574\u9f50\u7b80\u6377\u3001\u53c8\u66f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u9ad8\u6b21\u65b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u663e\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6bd4\u6b27\u6d32\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u970d\u7eb3\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u65e9\u4e03\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u3002\u79e6\u4e5d\u97f6\u79e6\u4e5d\u97f6\uff08\u7ea61202--1261\uff09\uff0c\u5b57\u9053\u53e4\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u5b89\u5cb3\u4eba\u3002\u5148\u540e\u5728\u6e56\u5317\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\uff0c\u6c5f\u82cf\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u7b49\u5730\u505a\u5b98\uff0c1261\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u88ab\u8d2c\u81f3\u6885\u5dde\uff0c\uff08\u4eca\u5e7f\u4e1c\u6885\u53bf\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u6b7b\u4e8e\u4efb\u6240\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u674e\u51b6\uff0c\u6768\u8f89\uff0c\u6731\u4e16\u6770\u5e76\u79f0\u5b8b\u5143\u6570\u5b66\u56db\u5927\u5bb6\u3002\u65e9\u5e74\u5728\u676d\u5dde\u201c\u8bbf\u4e60\u4e8e\u592a\u53f2\uff0c\u53c8\u5c1d\u4ece\u9690\u541b\u5b50\u53d7\u6570\u5b66\u201d\uff0c1247\u5e74\u5199\u6210\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u6570\u4e66\u4e5d\u7ae0\u300b\u3002\u300a\u6570\u4e66\u4e5d\u7ae0\u300b\u5168\u4e66\u51e118\u5377\uff0c81\u9898\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e5d\u5927\u7c7b\u3002\u5176\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6210\u5c31----\u201c\u5927\u884d\u603b\u6570\u672f\u201d\uff08\u4e00\u6b21\u540c\u4f59\u7ec4\u89e3\u6cd5\uff09\u4e0e\u201c\u6b63\u8d1f\u5f00\u65b9\u672f"(\u9ad8\u6b21\u65b9\u7a0b\u6570\u503c\u89e3\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u90e8\u5b8b\u4ee3\u7b97\u7ecf\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u5360\u6709\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u674e\u51b6\u674e\u51b6(1192----1279)\uff0c\u539f\u540d\u674e\u6cbb\uff0c\u53f7\u656c\u658b\uff0c\u91d1\u4ee3\u771f\u5b9a\u683e\u57ce\u4eba\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u94a7\u5dde\uff08\u4eca\u6cb3\u5357\u79b9\u53bf\uff09\u77e5\u4e8b\uff0c1232\u5e74\u94a7\u5dde\u88ab\u8499\u53e4\u519b\u6240\u7834\uff0c\u9042\u9690\u5c45\u6cbb\u5b66\uff0c\u88ab\u5143\u4e16\u7956\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u8058\u4e3a\u7ff0\u6797\u5b66\u58eb\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4fbf\u8f9e\u5b98\u56de\u4e61\u30021248\u5e74\u64b0\u6210\u300a\u6d4b\u5706\u6d77\u955c\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u7528\u5929\u5143\u672f\u5217\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u201c\u5929\u5143\u672f\u201d\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ee3\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u65b9\u7a0b\u6cd5\u76f8\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u201c\u7acb\u5929\u5143\u4e00\u4e3a\u67d0\u67d0\u201d\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u201c\u8bbex\u4e3a\u67d0\u67d0\u201c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u4ee3\u6570\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u674e\u51b6\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u6b65\u6570\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u76ca\u53e4\u6f14\u6bb5\u300b\uff081259\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u8bb2\u89e3\u5929\u5143\u672f\u7684\u3002\u6731\u4e16\u6770\u6731\u4e16\u6770\uff081300\u524d\u540e\uff09\uff0c\u5b57\u6c49\u537f\uff0c\u53f7\u677e\u5ead\uff0c\u5bd3\u5c45\u71d5\u5c71\uff08\u4eca\u5317\u4eac\u9644\u8fd1\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u4ee5\u6570\u5b66\u540d\u5bb6\u5468\u6e38\u6e56\u6d77\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u8e35\u95e8\u800c\u5b66\u8005\u4e91\u96c6\u201d(\u83ab\u82e5\u3001\u7956\u9890\uff1a\u300a\u56db\u5143\u7389\u9274\u300b\u540e\u5e8f\uff09\u3002\u6731\u4e16\u6770\u6570\u5b66\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u6709\u300a\u7b97\u5b66\u542f\u8499\u300b\uff081299\uff09\u548c\u300a\u56db\u5143\u7389\u9274\u300b\uff081303\uff09\u3002\u300a\u7b97\u672f\u542f\u8499\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u901a\u4fd7\u6570\u5b66\u540d\u8457\uff0c\u66fe\u6d41\u4f20\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u671d\u9c9c\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u300a\u56db\u5143\u7389\u9274\u300b\u5219\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b8b\u5143\u6570\u5b66\u9ad8\u5cf0\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u6709\u201c\u56db\u5143\u672f\u201d\uff08\u591a\u5143\u9ad8\u6b21\u65b9\u7a0b\u5217\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6d88\u5143\u89e3\u6cd5\uff09\u3001\u201c\u579b\u79ef\u672f\u201d\uff08\u9ad8\u9636\u7b49\u5dee\u6570\u5217\u6c42\u548c\uff09\u4e0e\u201c\u62db\u5dee\u672f\u201d\uff08\u9ad8\u6b21\u5185\u63d2\u6cd5\uff09\uff0e\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\uff08\u516c\u5143429\uff5e500\u5e74\uff09\u7956\u7c4d\u662f\u73b0\u4eca\u6cb3\u5317\u7701\u6d9e\u6e90\u53bf\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5357\u5317\u671d\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u901a\u6653\u5929\u6587\u5386\u6cd5\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u5236\u9020\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5706\u5468\u7387\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u5706\u5468\u7387\u4e3a3.14159260,A>0)\u7684\u6c42\u6839\u516c\u5f0f \u5728\u300a\u65e5\u9ad8\u56fe\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u9762\u79ef\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86"\u91cd\u5dee\u672f"\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\uff08\u6c49\u4ee3\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u6d4b\u91cf\u592a\u9633\u9ad8\u3001\u8fdc\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u79f0\u4e3a\u91cd\u5dee\u672f\uff09\u3002\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b(429\uff5e500) \u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u5317\u671d\u65f6\u4ee3\u5357\u671d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u8303\u9633\u9052\uff08\u4eca\u6cb3\u5317\u6d9e\u6c34\uff09\u4eba,\u3000\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b(429-500)\u7684\u7956\u7236\u540d\u53eb\u7956\u660c\uff0c\u5728\u5b8b\u671d\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u671d\u5ef7\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u957f\u5b98\u3002\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u957f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u91cc\uff0c\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e66\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u90fd\u79f0\u8d5e\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u535a\u5b66\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u3002\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u7231\u597d\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u559c\u6b22\u7814\u7a76\u5929\u6587\u5386\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u89c2\u6d4b\u592a\u9633\u548c\u661f\u7403\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u505a\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u3000\u3000\u5b8b\u5b5d\u6b66\u5e1d\u542c\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u6c14\uff0c\u6d3e\u4ed6\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u5b98\u7f72\u201c\u534e\u6797\u5b66\u7701\u201d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u505a\u5b98\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u4e13\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u5929\u6587\u4e86\u3002\u3000\u3000\u6211\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u90fd\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5929\u6587\u7684\u5b98\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6839\u636e\u7814\u7a76\u5929\u6587\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u5236\u5b9a\u5386\u6cd5\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u5b8b\u671d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5386\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u7cbe\u786e\u3002\u4ed6\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u957f\u671f\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u521b\u5236\u51fa\u4e00\u90e8\u65b0\u7684\u5386\u6cd5\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5927\u660e\u5386\u201d\uff08\u201c\u5927\u660e\u201d\u662f\u5b8b\u5b5d\u6b66\u5e1d\u7684\u5e74\u53f7\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5386\u6cd5\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u56de\u5f52\u5e74\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u5e74\u51ac\u81f3\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff0c\u8ddf\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7684\u76f8\u5dee\u53ea\u6709\u4e94\u5341\u79d2\uff1b\u6d4b\u5b9a\u6708\u4eae\u73af\u884c\u4e00\u5468\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff0c\u8ddf\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7684\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u79d2\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u5b83\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e86\u3002\u516c\u5143462\u5e74\uff0c\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b8b\u5b5d\u6b66\u5e1d\u9881\u5e03\u65b0\u5386\uff0c\u5b5d\u6b66\u5e1d\u53ec\u96c6\u5927\u81e3\u5546\u8bae\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u5e1d\u5ba0\u5e78\u7684\u5927\u81e3\u6234\u6cd5\u5174\u51fa\u6765\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u64c5\u81ea\u6539\u53d8\u53e4\u5386\uff0c\u662f\u79bb\u7ecf\u53db\u9053\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 \u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u5f53\u573a\u7528\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6570\u636e\u56de\u9a73\u4e86\u6234\u6cd5\u5174\u3002\u6234\u6cd5\u5174\u4f9d\u4ed7\u7687\u5e1d\u5ba0\u5e78\u4ed6\uff0c\u86ee\u6a2a\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5386\u6cd5\u662f\u53e4\u4eba\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6539\u52a8\u3002\u201d\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb3\u6015\u3002\u4ed6\u4e25\u8083\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u7ba1\u62ff\u51fa\u6765\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u62ff\u7a7a\u8bdd\u5413\u552c\u4eba\u561b\u3002\u201d\u5b8b\u5b5d\u6b66\u5e1d\u60f3\u5e2e\u52a9\u6234\u6cd5\u5174\uff0c\u627e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u61c2\u5f97\u5386\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u8ddf\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u88ab\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u9a73\u5012\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b8b\u5b5d\u6b66\u5e1d\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u80af\u9881\u5e03\u65b0\u5386\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u6b7b\u4e86\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u521b\u5236\u7684\u5927\u660e\u5386\u624d\u5f97\u5230\u63a8\u884c\u3002\u3000\u3000\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u5341\u5206\u52a8\u4e71\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u8fd8\u662f\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4e0d\u5026\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u5bf9\u53e4\u4ee3\u6570\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4e5d\u7ae0\u7b97\u672f\u300b\u4f5c\u4e86\u6ce8\u91ca\u53c8\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u7f00\u672f\u300b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u6c42\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u5706\u5468\u7387\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u7684\u8270\u82e6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u5706\u5468\u7387\u57283\uff0e1415926\u548c3\uff0e1415927\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u628a\u5706\u5468\u7387\u6570\u503c\u63a8\u7b97\u5230\u4e03\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u3000\u3000\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u660e\u4e0a\u662f\u4e2a\u591a\u9762\u624b\uff0c\u4ed6\u9020\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5357\u8f66\uff0c\u968f\u4fbf\u8f66\u5b50\u600e\u6837\u8f6c\u5f2f\uff0c\u8f66\u4e0a\u7684\u94dc\u4eba\u603b\u662f\u6307\u7740\u5357\u65b9\uff1b\u4ed6\u53c8\u9020\u8fc7\u201c\u5343\u91cc\u8239\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u4ead\u6c5f\uff08\u5728\u4eca\u5357\u4eac\u5e02\u897f\u5357\uff09\u4e0a\u8bd5\u822a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u53ef\u4ee5\u822a\u884c\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u91cc\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5229\u7528\u6c34\u529b\u8f6c\u52a8\u77f3\u78e8\uff0c\u8202\u7c73\u78be\u8c37\u5b50\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u6c34\u7893\u78e8\u201d\u3002\u3000\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\u82cf\u6b65\u97521902\u5e749\u6708\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u5e73\u9633\u53bf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c71\u6751\u91cc\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5bb6\u5883\u6e05\u8d2b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ed6\u7236 \u6587\u660e\u7528\u8bed\u7701\u5403\u4fed\u7528\uff0c\u62fc\u6b7b\u62fc\u6d3b\u4e5f\u8981\u4f9b\u4ed6\u4e0a\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8bfb\u521d\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u6570\u5b66\u592a\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4e00\u5b66\u5c31\u61c2\u3002\u53ef\u91cf\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u5802\u6570\u5b66\u8bfe\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\u4e0a\u521d\u4e09\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8bfb\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u516d\u5341\u4e2d\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u521a\u4ece\u4e1c\u4eac\u7559\u5b66\u5f52\u6765\u7684\u6559\u6570\u5b66\u8bfe\u7684\u6768\u8001\u5e08\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5802\u8bfe\u6768\u8001\u5e08\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb2\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5f31\u8089\u5f3a\u98df\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5217\u5f3a\u4f9d\u4ed7\u8239\u575a\u70ae\u5229\uff0c\u90fd\u60f3\u8695\u98df\u74dc\u5206\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u4ea1\u56fd\u706d\u79cd\u7684\u5371\u9669\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\uff0c\u632f\u5174\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u5b9e\u4e1a\uff0c\u6551\u4ea1\u56fe\u5b58\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e00\u4e3e\u3002\u2018\u5929\u4e0b\u5174\u4ea1\uff0c\u5339\u592b\u6709\u8d23\u2019\uff0c\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u5b66\u90fd\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u65c1\u5f81\u535a\u5f15\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5802\u8bfe\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6551\u4ea1\u56fe\u5b58\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u632f\u5174\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u6570\u5b66\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5f00\u8def\u5148\u950b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u597d\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u201d\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\u4e00\u751f\u4e0d\u77e5\u542c\u8fc7\u591a\u5c11\u5802\u8bfe\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u5802\u8bfe\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7ec8\u8eab\u96be\u5fd8\u3002\u6768\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u8bfe\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u6253\u52a8\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6ce8\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5174\u594b\u5242\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86\u6446\u8131\u4e2a\u4eba\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u62ef\u6551\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u6c11\u4f17\uff1b\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u627e\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u6c42\u65b0\u751f\u3002\u5f53\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\u8f97\u8f6c\u53cd\u4fa7\uff0c\u5f7b\u591c\u96be\u7720\u3002\u5728\u6768\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4ece\u6587\u5b66\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u6b64\u7acb\u4e0b\u4e86\u201c\u8bfb\u4e66\u4e0d\u5fd8\u6551\u56fd\uff0c\u6551\u56fd\u4e0d\u5fd8\u8bfb\u4e66\u201d\u7684\u5ea7\u53f3\u94ed\u3002\u4e00\u8ff7\u4e0a\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u9177\u6691\u9686\u51ac\uff0c\u971c\u6668\u96ea\u591c\uff0c\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u8bfb\u4e66\u3001\u601d\u8003\u3001\u89e3\u9898\u3001\u6f14\u7b97\uff0c4\u5e74\u4e2d\u6f14\u7b97\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e07\u9053\u6570\u5b66\u4e60\u9898\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6e29\u5dde\u4e00\u4e2d\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u65f6\u7701\u7acb\u5341\u4e2d\uff09\u8fd8\u73cdhide \u7740\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\u4e00\u672c\u51e0\u4f55\u7ec3\u4e60\u8584\uff0c\u7528\u6bdb\u7b14\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u5de5\u5de5\u6574\u6574\u3002\u4e2d\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u65f6\uff0c\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\u95e8\u95e8\u529f\u8bfe\u90fd\u572890\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0a\u300217\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\u8d74\u65e5\u7559\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u8003\u53d6\u4e1c\u4eac\u9ad8\u7b49\u5de5\u4e1a\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4ed6\u5982\u9965\u4f3c\u6e34\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u7740\u3002\u4e3a\u56fd\u4e89\u5149\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u9a71\u4f7f\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\u8f83\u65e9\u5730\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u5b66\u4e1a\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5199\u4e8630\u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u5206\u51e0\u4f55\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4ee4\u4eba\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1931\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u83b7\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\u5df2\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u5f53\u8bb2\u5e08\uff0c\u6b63\u5f53\u65e5\u672c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5b66\u51c6\u5907\u8058\u4ed6\u53bb\u4efb\u5f85\u9047\u4f18\u539a\u7684\u526f\u6559\u6388\u65f6\uff0c\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\u5374\u51b3\u5b9a\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u629a\u80b2\u4ed6\u6210\u957f\u7684\u7956\u4efb\u6559\u3002\u56de\u5230\u6d59\u5927\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u7684\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5341\u5206\u8270\u82e6\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u82cf\u6b65\u9752\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u201c\u5403\u82e6\u7b97\u5f97\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u7518\u5fc3\u60c5\u613f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u7231\u56fd\u7684\u5149\u660e\u4e4b\u8def\u554a\uff01\u201d\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8001\u4e00\u8f88\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u90a3\u9897\u7231\u56fd\u7684\u8d64\u5b50\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3000\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u2500\u5218\u5fbd\u5218\u5fbd\uff08\u751f\u4e8e\u516c\u5143250\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5360\u6709\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0e\u4ed6\u7684\u6770\u4f5c\u300a\u4e5d\u7ae0\u7b97\u672f\u6ce8\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6d77\u5c9b\u7b97\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u6700\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u9057\u4ea7\uff0e\u3000\u3000\u300a\u4e5d\u7ae0\u7b97\u672f\u300b\u7ea6\u6210\u4e66\u4e8e\u4e1c\u6c49\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u5171\u6709246\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0e\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u5982\u89e3\u8054\u7acb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u5206\u6570\u56db\u5219\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u6b63\u8d1f\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u9762\u79ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u5148\u8fdb\u4e4b\u5217\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u89e3\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f83\u539f\u59cb\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u5218\u5fbd\u5219\u5bf9\u6b64\u5747\u4f5c\u4e86\u8865\u5145\u8bc1\u660e\uff0e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0e\u4ed6\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u63d0\u51fa\u5341\u8fdb\u5c0f\u6570\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5341\u8fdb\u5c0f\u6570\u6765\u8868\u793a\u65e0\u7406\u6570\u7684\u7acb\u65b9\u6839\uff0e\u5728\u4ee3\u6570\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6b63\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u52a0\u51cf\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\uff1b\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u7ebf\u6027\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0e\u5728\u51e0\u4f55\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86"\u5272\u5706\u672f"\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u5706\u5468\u7528\u5185\u63a5\u6216\u5916\u5207\u6b63\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u7a77\u7aed\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6c42\u5706\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u5706\u5468\u957f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0e\u4ed6\u5229\u7528\u5272\u5706\u672f\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u6c42\u51fa\u4e86\u5706\u5468\u7387\u03c0=3.14\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0e\u5218\u5fbd\u5728\u5272\u5706\u672f\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684"\u5272\u4e4b\u5f25\u7ec6\uff0c\u6240\u5931\u5f25\u5c11\uff0c\u5272\u4e4b\u53c8\u5272\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u5272\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u5706\u5408\u4f53\u800c\u65e0\u6240\u5931\u77e3"\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u6781\u9650\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u4f73\u4f5c\uff0e\u3000\u3000\u300a\u6d77\u5c9b\u7b97\u7ecf\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c \u5218\u5fbd\u7cbe\u5fc3\u9009\u7f16\u4e86\u4e5d\u4e2a\u6d4b\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u5bcc\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u6240\u77a9\u76ee\uff0e\u3000\u3000\u5218\u5fbd\u601d\u60f3\u654f\u6377\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u65e2\u63d0\u5021\u63a8\u7406\u53c8\u4e3b\u5f20\u76f4\u89c2\uff0e\u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u660e\u786e\u4e3b\u5f20\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\u6570\u5b66\u547d\u9898\u7684\u4eba\uff0e\u3000\u3000\u5218\u5fbd\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u662f\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u523b\u82e6\u63a2\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u751f\uff0e\u4ed6\u867d\u7136\u5730\u4f4d\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u683c\u9ad8\u5c1a\uff0e\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u6cbd\u540d\u9493\u8a89\u7684\u5eb8\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b66\u800c\u4e0d\u538c\u7684\u4f1f\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0e
20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\uff0e\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c1946\u5e74\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0e\u9274\u4e8e\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5728\u53d1\u660e\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u5230\u5173\u952e\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u8a89\u4e3a"\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u7236".1911\u5e74\u4e001921\u5e74\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5728\u5e03\u8fbe\u4f69\u65af\u7684\u5362\u745f\u4f26\u4e2d\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5c31\u5d2d\u9732\u5934\u89d2\u800c\u6df1\u53d7\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u5668\u91cd\uff0e\u5728\u8d39\u514b\u7279\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5e76\u5408\u4f5c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6570\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8fd8\u4e0d\u523018\u5c81.
\u4f3d\u7f57\u534e\u751f\u4e8e\u79bb\u5df4\u9ece\u4e0d\u8fdc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u5b66\u6821\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f53\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u5e02\u957f\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4f7f\u4f3d\u7f57\u534e\u4e00\u5411\u52c7\u5f80\u76f4\u524d\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u754f\u60e7\u30021823\u5e74\uff0c12\u5c81\u7684\u4f3d\u7f57\u534e\u79bb\u5f00\u53cc\u4eb2\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u6c42\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5446\u677f\u7684\u8bfe\u5802\u704c\u8f93\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u627e\u6700\u96be\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u8457\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8001\u5e08\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5f88\u5927\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u8001\u5e08\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u662f\u201c\u53ea\u5b9c\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u5c16\u7aef\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\u3002
\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u516c\u5143\u524d287\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u534a\u5c9b\u5357\u7aef\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u5c9b\u7684\u53d9\u62c9\u53e4\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u4f4d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u517c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u4ece\u5c0f\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u517b\uff0c11\u5c81\u5c31\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u57ce\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5ea7\u53f7\u79f0"\u667a\u6167\u4e4b\u90fd"\u7684\u540d\u57ce\u91cc\uff0c\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u535a\u9605\u7fa4\u4e66\uff0c\u6c72\u53d6\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u505a\u4e86\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u5b66\u751f\u57c3\u62c9\u6258\u585e\u548c\u5361\u519c\u7684\u95e8\u751f\uff0c\u94bb\u7814\u300a\u51e0\u4f55\u539f\u672c\u300b\u3002
\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5706\u5468\u7387\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0e\u79e6\u6c49\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ee5"\u5f84\u4e00\u5468\u4e09"\u505a\u4e3a\u5706\u5468\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f"\u53e4\u7387"\uff0e\u540e\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u53e4\u7387\u8bef\u5dee\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u5706\u5468\u7387\u5e94\u662f"\u5706\u5f84\u4e00\u800c\u5468\u4e09\u6709\u4f59"\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7a76\u7adf\u4f59\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u610f\u89c1\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0e\u76f4\u5230\u4e09\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5218\u5fbd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u5706\u5468\u7387\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5--"\u5272\u5706\u672f"\uff0c\u7528\u5706\u5185\u63a5\u6b63\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u7684\u5468\u957f\u6765\u903c\u8fd1\u5706\u5468\u957f\uff0e\u5218\u5fbd\u8ba1\u7b97\u5230\u5706\u5185\u63a596\u8fb9\u5f62\uff0c \u6c42\u5f97\u03c0=3.14\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5185\u63a5\u6b63\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u7684\u8fb9\u6570\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u6c42\u5f97\u7684\u03c0\u503c\u8d8a\u7cbe\u786e\uff0e\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u5728\u524d\u4eba\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u523b\u82e6\u94bb\u7814\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u6f14\u7b97\uff0c\u6c42\u51fa\u03c0\u57283.1415926\u4e0e3.1415927\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0e\u5e76\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u03c0\u5206\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c\uff0c\u53d6\u4e3a\u7ea6\u7387 \uff0c\u53d6\u4e3a\u5bc6\u7387\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53d6\u516d\u4f4d\u5c0f\u6570\u662f3.141929\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5206\u5b50\u5206\u6bcd\u57281000\u4ee5\u5185\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u03c0\u503c\u7684\u5206\u6570\uff0e\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u7a76\u7adf\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u65e0\u4ece\u8003\u67e5\uff0e\u82e5\u8bbe\u60f3\u4ed6\u6309\u5218\u5fbd\u7684"\u5272\u5706\u672f"\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u6c42\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u5230\u5706\u5185\u63a516\uff0c384\u8fb9\u5f62\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5316\u8d39\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4ed8\u51fa\u591a\u4e48\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u554a\uff01\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\u4ed6\u5728\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u987d\u5f3a\u6bc5\u529b\u548c\u806a\u654f\u624d\u667a\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u94a6\u4f69\u7684\uff0e\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u5bc6\u7387\uff0c \u5916\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u83b7\u5f97\u540c\u6837\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5df2\u662f\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u4e8b\u4e86\uff0e\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7956\u51b2\u4e4b\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5916\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u53f2\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u03c0=\u53eb\u505a"\u7956\u7387"\uff0e
\u585e\u4e50\u65af\u751f\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d624\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u95fb\u540d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5927\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u539f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f88\u7cbe\u660e\u7684\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u9760\u5356\u6a44\u6984\u6cb9\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u8d22\u5bcc\u540e\uff0c\u585e\u4e50\u65af\u4fbf\u4e13\u5fc3\u4ece\u4e8b\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u65c5\u884c\u3002\u4ed6\u52e4\u594b\u597d\u5b66\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u4e0d\u8ff7\u4fe1\u53e4\u4eba\uff0c\u52c7\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u52c7\u4e8e\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u601d\u8003\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u79bb\u57c3\u53ca\u4e0d\u592a\u8fdc\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5e38\u53bb\u57c3\u53ca\u65c5\u884c\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u585e\u4e50\u65af\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u5728\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u95f4\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6570\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4ed6\u6e38\u5386\u57c3\u53ca\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b97\u51fa\u4e86\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u56fd\u738b\u963f\u7f8e\u897f\u65af\u94a6\u7fa1\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002
