现有甲烷和氧气的混合气体，测得在标准状况下的密度为1.25g/L，求这混合气体中甲烷和氧气的质量比为多少
\u67d0\u6df7\u5408\u6c14\u4f53\u53ea\u542b\u6709\u6c27\u6c14\u548c\u7532\u70f7,\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b,\u8be5\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a1.00g/l\u6c42\u8be5\u6c14\u4f53\u4e2d\u6c27\u6c14\u548c\u7532\u70f7\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u6bd4? \u8981\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89e3\uff1a\u7531\u6c14\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\uff1d\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u6469\u5c14\u4f53\u79ef\u4e4b\u79ef\uff0c\u53ef\u6c42\u51fa\u6df7\u5408\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\uff1a
M\uff1d1.00g/L\u00d722.4L/mol\uff1d22.4g/mol
\u518d\u7531\u5e73\u5747\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5:
\u5e73\u5747\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf =\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u5404\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u00d7\u8be5\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u5206\u6570\uff08\u82e5\u662f\u6c14\u4f53\u7ec4\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u6570\uff09\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u79ef\u4e4b\u548c
\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c42\u51fa\u5176\u4f53\u79ef\u6bd4\u4e86\uff1a\u8bbe\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u6570\u4e3ax\uff0c\u5219\u6709\uff1a
32x\uff0b16(1-x)=22.4
16x=6.4 x=0.4
\u6240\u4ee5\u6c27\u6c14\u4e0e\u7532\u70f7\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u6bd4\u4e3a: 0.4\u2236(1-0.4)=2\u22363.
\u7531\u4e8e\u6b64\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u662f\u4e8c\u5143\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5341\u5b57\u4ea4\u53c9\u6cd5\u7b80\u6d01\u6c42\u89e3\u3002
\u89e3\uff1a\u7531\u6c14\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\uff1d\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u6469\u5c14\u4f53\u79ef\u4e4b\u79ef\uff0c\u53ef\u6c42\u51fa\u6df7\u5408\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\uff1a
M\uff1d1.00g/L\u00d722.4L/mol\uff1d22.4g/mol
\u7528\u5341\u5b57\u4ea4\u53c9\u6cd5
O2 32 6.4
22.4
CH4 16 9.6
\u6240\u4ee5\u6c27\u6c14\u6bd4\u7532\u70f7\u4e3a6.4\uff1a9.6=2\uff1a3
\u9009A
| 16x+32y |
| x+y |
答：混合气体中甲烷和氧气的质量比为1：6．
绛旓細璁CH4鐨閲忎负1mol CH4+2O2===CO2+2H2O 鍙嶅簲鍚姘斾綋骞冲潎寮忛噺=15*2=30=(44+36+m(O2杩囬噺))/(3+n(O2杩囬噺))鍙坢(O2杩囬噺)/n(O2杩囬噺)=32 鍙眰鍑簄(O2杩囬噺)=5mol 鎵浠锛孫2鎬婚噺涓7mol锛屽師娣峰悎鐗╀腑鐢茬兎锛姘ф皵=1锛7
绛旓細CH4鈫扖锛堣川閲忓垎鏁颁箣姣=璐ㄩ噺涔嬫瘮锛16 12 X 12.5 X=16.7 娣峰悎姘斾綋涓CH4涓嶰2鐨鐗╄川鐨勯噺涔嬫瘮涓16.7%/16:(1-16.7%)/32=2:5 璁炬贩鍚堟皵浣撲腑鍚敳鐑风殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺涓2mol,鍒欐哀姘旂殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺涓5mol,2mol鐢茬兎鐕冪儳闇瑕佹哀姘旂殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺涓篩锛岀敓鎴怌O2鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忎负Z CH4 + 2O2 =鐐圭噧= CO2 + ...
绛旓細璁鐢茬兎鏈墄mol,O2鏈1-xmol 鍒欑敳鐑蜂腑纰崇殑璐ㄩ噺涓12xg.姘斾綋鐨勬昏川閲忎负16x+32(1-x)=(32-16x)g 鎵浠ユ湁12x/(32-16x)=12.5 寰梮=2/7 CH4+2O2=CO2+2H2O 鍙嶅簲娑堣2/7molCH4,4/7molO2,鐢熸垚2/7molCO2,鍓╀綑1/7molO2 鍥犳鍙嶅簲鍚庣殑姘斾綋鏄2/7molCO2鍜1/7molO2鐨勬贩鍚堟皵浣 鍏跺钩鍧囩浉瀵瑰垎瀛...
绛旓細鐢变簬棰樼洰涓锛娴嬪緱鍙嶅簲鍚庢皵浣撳瘑搴︿负鐩稿悓鏉′欢涓婬2瀵嗗害鐨15鍊嶃傛皵浣撶殑鎽╁皵浣撶Н閮芥槸鐩哥瓑鐨勶紝鍗22.4L/mol銆傛牴鎹叕寮忥細蟻锛堝瘑搴︼級脳V锛堜綋绉級=m锛堣川閲忥級锛屽叕寮忎袱绔悇闄や互鐗╄川鐨勯噺锛堟懇灏旓級锛屽彲鎺ㄥ寰楀叕寮忥細銆愬瘑搴 脳 鎽╁皵浣撶Н = 鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺銆戞墍浠ワ紝鐢变簬鎽╁皵浣撶Н鐩哥瓑锛屾贩鍚堟皵浣鐨勭浉瀵瑰垎瀛愯川閲忔瘮锛堝嵆鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺...
绛旓細120搴︽潯浠朵笅锛鐢茬兎涓庢哀鍙嶅簲鍚庝綋绉笉鍙橈紝鎵浠ュ弽搴斿墠娣峰悎姘斾綋锛瀵嗗害涔熸槸姘㈡皵鐨15鍊嶏紝鍙绠楀嚭浜岃呬綋绉瘮涓1:7 鍙傝冭祫鏂欙細濡傛灉鎮ㄧ殑鍥炵瓟鏄粠鍏朵粬鍦版柟寮曠敤锛岃琛ㄦ槑鍑哄
绛旓細1.瀵嗗害鏄1 g/l锛屾皵浣撶殑鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺鏄22.4 l/mol 瀵嗗害脳姘斾綋鐨勬懇灏旇川閲(鍗曚綅鍚屾椂鐩镐箻锛=22.4g/mol寰楀埌鐨勬槸娣峰悎姘斾綋鐨勭浉瀵瑰垎瀛愯川閲忥紝鍐嶇敤鍗佸瓧浜ゅ弶娉锛岀敳鐑16 9.6 3 22.4 --- = --- =鐗╄川鐨勯噺涔嬫瘮=姘斾綋浣撶Н涔嬫瘮 姘ф皵32 6.4 2 2.鈶爊=c脳v=0.2v锛坴鐨勫崟浣嶆槸L锛塶=m/M...
绛旓細1
绛旓細鏌娣峰悎姘斾綋涓彧鍚湁姘ф皵鍜岀敳鐑,鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐垫椂,璇ユ皵浣撶殑瀵嗗害涓1.00g/L,姹傝姘斾綋涓姘ф皵鍜岀敳鐑风殑浣 鏌愭贩鍚堟皵浣撲腑鍙惈鏈夋哀姘斿拰鐢茬兎,鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐垫椂,璇ユ皵浣撶殑瀵嗗害涓1.00g/L,姹傝姘斾綋涓哀姘斿拰鐢茬兎鐨勪綋璐ㄦ瘮銆... 鏌愭贩鍚堟皵浣撲腑鍙惈鏈夋哀姘斿拰鐢茬兎,鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐垫椂,璇ユ皵浣撶殑瀵嗗害涓1.00g/L,姹傝姘斾綋涓哀姘斿拰鐢茬兎鐨勪綋璐ㄦ瘮銆
绛旓細娣峰悎姘斾綋骞冲潎鍒嗗瓙閲=0.982*22.4=22 鍗佸瓧浜ゅ弶娉 O2---32---6 ---22 CH4---16---10 鎵浠锛孫2:CH4浣撶Н姣旀槸6锛10锛屽嵆3锛5
绛旓細瑙ｆ瀽锛娣峰悎姘斾綋骞冲潎寮忛噺M= Vm*d= 22.4* 1.00= 22.4 M= M1*1% +M2*2* = 32[V1/锛圴1+V2锛塢 + 16* [V2/锛圴1+V2锛塢 = 22.4 瑙ｅ緱锛歏1/V2=3/2 鎵浠ヤ釜鏁版瘮锛屼篃鏄3锛2
