特殊句式之 there be 句型和强调句型
1. there be句型在英语中表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物”。在这种结构中, there是引导词, be后面的名词是主语, 句子的结尾是地点(或时间)状语。There is a big tree in front of the classroom. 教室前有棵大树。
2. 如果有两个或两个以上的主语, 谓语动词be要采用就近一致原则。
There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多支铅笔。
3. there be 结构有不同时态的形式, 而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
There was a meeting in our school yesterday. 昨天在我们学校召开了一次会议。
There will be a new film on Sunday. 星期日将上映一部新电影。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
从那时起, 我们国家发生了很多巨大的变化。
There can't be any mistakes in his passage.
他的文章里不可能有什么错误。
4. there be 结构中的谓语动词 be 有时可用 seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be 或半系动词 remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur 等替换。
There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.
他的电脑可能出了一些问题。
Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.
从前, 那座庙里住着一个老和尚。
5. there be 句型的非谓语形式。
I have never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.
我从未想到墙上有幅画。(there be的动名词形式作of的宾语)
I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.
我希望他有很多找到工作的机会。(there be的不定式结构作expect的宾语)
There being ice on the road, I told the driver to slow down.
路上有冰, 我让司机开慢点。(there be的现在分词形式作状语)
There having been no water for 2 days, the travelers were all very thirsty. (= Because there had been no water for 2 days...)
已经两天没有水了, 这些游客们都口渴得很厉害。(there be的现在分词形式的完成式作状语)
There is (be)a chair and two tables in the room.
There being (be)no money in his pocket, he had to go hungry.
I wish there to be (be)some chances for my readers.
What is the chance of there being (be)some good dictionaries in that bookstore?
1. 强调句型与 It is/was + 时间 + when...句型
在“It is/was + 时间 + when...句型”中, it 指时间, when引导的是时间状语从句。注意两种句型中“时间”表达方式的不同。试比较:
① It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.
昨天午夜我回到了家里。
② It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.
昨天当我回到家里时, 已经是午夜了。
句①是强调句型, 被强调的是时间状语at midnight;而句②是一般句型, 时间以名词的方式表达, 用来作表语。
2. 强调句型与 It is/has been + 时间段 + since...句型
It is/has been...since...表示“自从......以来已有......(时间)”。两个句型中的时态一般不同。试比较:
① It was two years ago that I began to learn English.
我是在两年前开始学英语的。
② It is/has been two years since I began to learn English.
我学英语两年了。
句①为强调句型, it后的be动词常用一般现在时和一般过去时;而句②表示“从过去到现在已有多长时间”, it后的be动词用一般现在时或现在完成时。
3. 强调句型与 It was/will be + 时间段 + before...句型
It was/will be + 时间段 + before...句型可有以下几个句式:
It wasn't/won't be long before...不久以后就会......了/用不了多久就会......
It was two years/days before. . .过了两年/两天才......
It was not two years/days before. . .不到两年/两天就......
It will be two years/days before...还得两年/两天才......
It will not be two years/days before. . .用不了两年/两天就会......
试比较:
① It was two years before he came back from abroad.
② It was two years later that he came back from abroad.
句①为一般句型, 句②为强调句型。同样表示“他两年以后回的国”。注意强调句型中时间状语的表达方式。
He was told that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and return to work.
—Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm where we worked.
It is many years since he came here.
It was 1949 when the PRC was founded.
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