浅谈英语语法中应注意的若干问题 - 六级语法
一、主谓一致问题谓语动词随着主语人称和数的变化而变化，这就是所谓的主谓一致。但在实际应用中，出现错误的句子非常之多，列举如下：
1、People likes swimming in summer.
主语people (人们)，形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，故liks应改为like。当people作"民族"解时，谓语动词用单数。
2、What are on the two plates?
把句中的are改为is。因为问容器内有什么东西，不论是单数名词还是复数名词，疑问代词what作主语，谓语动词均用单数。
3、The singer and dancer are going to the party.
主语意为"那个歌唱家兼舞蹈家"，指的是一个人，因此are应改为is。如在dancer前加the,意即"那个歌唱家和那个舞蹈家"，指两人时用are。
4、Not only Mary but also her sister enjoy listening to the radio.
由并列连词not only …but also…，neither…nor…，either…or…等连接两个主语时，谓语动词一般采取与就近的主语相一致的原则，由靠近它的主语作决定。句中的第二个主语her sister是单数，因此谓语动词enjoy应改为enjoys。
5、This kind of apple taste good.
改动词taste为tastes。因为由"a(this)kind of＋名词"作主语时，谓语动词用单数。而(these)kinds of作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
6、Physics were taught by Mr. Wang last term.
Were应改为was。以s结尾的名词作主语时，一般情况下谓语动词用复数形式。但该句中的主语physics,是表示学科的名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。
7、His family is all healthy.
主语family属于集体名词，在这里作家庭成员解，所以改is为are。若把family作为一个整体来看，谓语用单数。类似用法的名词还有：class, group, public, team, enemy等。
8、Half of the money are yours.
Half, some, all, most等＋of表示部分概念时，谓语动词的单复数形式应该由of后的名词而定。句中的money是不可数名词，故are应改为is。
9、Mr.White together with some Japanese friends, have visited our school.
togefher with 表示"与……一起"的意思，这里的with是介词，不是并列连词，some Japanese friends也不是并列主语。主语只是Mr.White,所以谓语动词应用has visits。
10、Either of the answers are right.
正确的谓语动词应是is。当不定动词either作主词时，谓语动词常用单数。其他的不定代词，如：one,the other, each, everyone, nobody, no one,someone, somebod
11、The number of the students in our class are over fifty.
"The number of＋复数名词"作主语时，谓语动词用单数，因此，句中的are改成is才对。但是"a number of＋复数名词"作主语时，谓语动词则用复数。
12、The boys and girls each has their own books.
这里的each不是主语，而the boys and girls为句子的主语，所以谓语动词随其变化，应改为have。
13、There are some fish and chicken on the table.
主语some fish and chicken,虽然由and连接，但由于都是不可数名词，所以谓语仍用单数，are应改为is。
14、This pair of trousers are too short for me.
句中主语是pair,而不是trousers,根据主谓一致的原则，须改are为is。
15、Between the two buildings stand a hospital.
这是一个倒装句。"between the two buildings"是介词短语，作地点状语，而主语是句末的hospital，因此，stand应改为stands。
16、Two weeks are quite short time for us finish the work.
Two weeks 是由数词组成的名词词组，它表示的是一种单一概念，在形式上是复数，便作主语时却可以用单数谓语动词。因此，句中are应改为is，在quite和short之间加上a。此外，表示重量、长度、价值等的名词，如：ten pounds,five miles等，如果作整体待，动词也可用单数形式。
二、终止性动词问题
英语的动词有延续性和终止性之分。有一些动词表示的动作可以延续而有些动词表示的动作则是短暂的。这类动词被称为非延续性动词或终止性动词(如：close,open,ar r等)。当这类动词用于现在完成时态时，怎样使用才是正确的呢?试比较：
误：She has caught a bad cold for a week.
正：She has had a bad cold for a week.
这里catch是终止性动词，have是持续性动词。终止性动词在现在完成时的肯定句里，不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰它们，也就是说不能用for短语(表示时间长度)，或since短语词(或从句)，也不能用在how long引起的疑问句中。
若需要表示持续一段时间时，可以用下列两种形式：1用It is(或has been)since句型；2用副词ago把句子改为一般过去时。如：
误：The American musician has arrived here for about a month.
正：It is(或has been)about a month since the American musician arrived here.
正：The American musician arrived here about month ago.
除了改变句型结构外，还可对动词作相应变化。其中多数终止性动词可用be来表示延续，有些可用相应的延续性动词来代替。如：
误：My sister had joined the Party for over six years.
正：My sister has been a Party member for over six years.
误：How long have you borrowed the book?
正：How long have you kept the book?
常用的替换词有：come be here,leave be away,die dead,begin be on,open beopen,become be,buy have,borrow keep,eat have,join be in,(或be a member of),get up be up,get rdady be ready,get to know know,make friends be friends,go to bed sleep,catch a cold have a cold等。
1、在否定句中，终止性动词可以转化为延续性的否定状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
I haven't heard from my brother for many years.
The rain hasn't stopped since three minutes ago.
2、终止性动词可以用于"表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果"这种概念的现在完成时中，说明某个动作的结果还存在，不跟表示一段时间的状语连用，但可用already,yet,before,just,ever,now,today等时间状语。如：
I have already posted the photos.
Have you seen the film before?
三、反意疑问句问题
反意疑问句由两部分构成，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是简短的问句。在运用反意疑问句时，往往在简短问句这部分容易出错，下面作一归纳。
1、陈述句部分的主语是名词时，简短问句的主语用人称代词来代替。如：
The teacher had a long talk with you,did't he?
2、主语若是指示代词this或that时，简单问句的主语用it，指示代词若是these或those时，简单问句的主语用they。如:
This is a useful book,isn't it?
Those aren't desks, are they?
3、陈述句部分主谓是"I am…"时，简单问句用aren't I。如：
I am older than you, aren't I?
4、第一部分陈述句是"there be"句型时，提问部分须保留there。如：
There are some apples in the basket, ardn't there?
定意义的词时，简单问句部分用肯定形式。如：
There's nothing wrong with it,is there?
Few people went to the exhibition,did the?
He can hardly answer this question,can he?
6、陈述句中若有通过加前缀或后缀构成否定意义的词，仍作肯定句处理，因此简短问句一般仍用否定形式。如：
The cloth is useless,isn't it?
Kate dislikes the book,doesn't she?
7、陈述句部分的主语是everyone、everyboby、someone、somebody、anyone、anybody、no one、nobody及none等，简短问句部分的主语一般用they。如：
Nobody can work it out,can they?
None of the students went there,did they?
但是，必须指出，在反意疑问句中，无论在陈述句部分，还是在简短问句中，everything、nothing、something、anything等总是用单数动词。如：
Everything has gone wrong today,hasn't it?
Nothing was right,was it?
8、当陈述句中有had better时，简短问句一般用shouldn't或hadn't.如：
You'd better do it by yourself,should't you?/hadn't you?
9、若第一部分是祈使句，在它后面的疑问尾句一般为will you或won't you的婉转表示请求、恳求之意，并没有反问之意。Will you多表示"请求"，won't you多表示"提醒对方注意"。但是，祈使句的否定结构后面，只能用will you。如：
Look at the picture,will you?(won't you)?
10、以Let's(包括说话人和说话对象)开始的祈使句中，反意疑问句部分用shall we 或shan't we,但是Let us (me,him)等不包括说话对象，而是向说话对象提出要求或建议的祈使句，问句则用will you或won't you。如：
Let's go for a walk,shall we?(shan't we?)
Let us go to the park,will you?(won't you?)
11、若陈述句是主从复合句，反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应跟主句中的主语和动词保持一致。如：
They never said Tom would come,did they?
When the teacher speaks,we have to keep quiet,don't we?
It's the first time that he has been to Beijing,isn't it?
12、陈述句若是"I think(believe,suppose,expect 等)＋宾语从句"，反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致(特殊情况例外)，并要注意否定转移。如：
I believe they've finished their work,haven't they?
I don't think he is right,is he?
You thought he was an honest man,ddn't you?
13、陈述句若是并列句，简短问句的主语一般与最接近的分句主语保持一致。如：
We must study English hard,or we aren't good at English,are we?
He was lazy,and he didn't pass the exam,did he?
14、简短问句在感叹句后，动词用否定式，人称与前面的名词一致。如：
What delucious food,isn't ?
15、陈述句动词是wish和hope,简短问句要用may，代词与wish、hope的主语相一致 I wish to see a filn now,may I?
I hope to visit Nanjing soon,may I?
四、宾语从句问题
宾语从句是英语学习中的主要语法之一，是综合练习中出现较多的语法现象，自然也是最容易出错的内容。所以在自学中，要特别注意这样一些方面。
1、与主句的时态呼应
1当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以和主句的谓语动
词时态不一致，就是说可根据实际需要用不同的时态。如：
I hear he'll be back in a week.
I hear Mr. Evans lives in Boston.
I hear she has gone to Shanghai.
I hear he came back yesterday.
2当主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用和过去相关的时态，可以是一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时等。如:
She said she hoped to be back soon.
She said they were having a meeting.
She said she would visit her uncle next Saturday.
She said she had seen the film the day before.
3在"Could you tell us…请告诉我们……好吗?"这种表示请求的疑问句中，用could比用can 较为委婉客气一些，但could不表示过去时，所以宾语从句中的谓语动词时态可根据实际需要用不同的时态。如：
Could you tell us if(whether)Kate's father works in that hospital?
4如果宾语从句所叙述的是反映客观真理的事情，其谓语动词则用一般现在时。如：
The teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth.
2、从句部分的语序
宾语从句的语序和一般陈述句相同，即主谓次序不颠倒。因此，由连接代词(who、whose、what和which等)、连接副词(where、when、why和how)或连词if(或whether)引导的疑问句，改成宾语从句时，语序需要改变。如：
Do you know where Mary lives?
Nobody knows what they fought about.
He asked whose dictionary this was.
He asked me if(whether)I could help him.
但是，当连接代词在宾语从句中作主语时，从句的语序与以疑问代词作主语的特殊疑问句的语序相同。如：
He asked which picture was John's.
3、否定转移
如果主句中的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,imagine等，后面的宾语从句中的否定必须转移到主句中去。如：
We believe that he can finish it in time.?We don't believe that he can
finish it in time.
请注意：当主句中的谓语动词为hope时，则不用否定转移。只说：
I hope he won't be ill.(我希望他不要生病。)
4、带宾语从句的复合句改成简单句
请注意：当主句中的谓语动词为hope时，则不用否定转移。只说：
I hope he won't be ill.(我希望他不要生病。)
4、带宾语从句的复合句改成简单句
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，它的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同，所以，在实际运用中，可以用不定式、名词或复合宾语等代替宾语从句，构成简单句。如：
1He hopes he will be able to see her again.
He hopes to see her again.
2I don't know when we'll start.
I don't know when to start.
3The man didn't understand what he said.
The man didn't catch his words.
4I hdard she was singing in the next room.
I heard him singing in the next room.
5I found it was interesting to skate on real ice.
I found it interesting to skate on real ice.
绛旓細鎯呮櫙鍙牴鎹璇硶鍐呭鐨勪笉鍚岃岀簿蹇冭缃傦紙涓锛 浠ユ棫甯︽柊锛屽仛濂介摵鍨 璇硶鏁欏涓紝鏁欏笀涓嶈鐩村涓婚锛屾ヤ簬姹傛垚銆搴旀敞鎰婵娲诲鐢熺殑鍏冭鐭ワ紝灏嗗鐢熷師鏈夌殑鐭ヨ瘑婵娲伙紝浠庡鐢熷凡鍏峰鐨勮娉曡兘鍔涗汉鎵嬶紝鎵惧埌鏈杩戠殑鍒囧叆鐐癸紝鎶婃柊鎺堢殑璇硶椤圭洰宸у鍦拌瀺鍏ヨ瑷娲诲姩涓紝骞惰繘琛屼粠鏃х煡鍒版柊鎺堬紝浠庣畝鍗曞埌澶嶆潅鐨勫眰灞傞摵鍨紝璁╁...
绛旓細瀛︾敓鐨勬瘝璇槸涓枃锛屽湪鑻辫璇█鐨勪範寰楄繃绋嬩腑锛屽鏋滀笉鏈夋剰璇嗗湴鎸囧嚭涓ょ璇█鐨勫尯鍒紝瀛︾敓灏嗕笉鍙伩鍏嶅湴鍙楀埌姣嶈鐨勫共鎵般傝岃鍦ㄦ湁闄愮殑瀛︿範鏃堕棿鍐咃紝瀵硅瑷鐨勫簲鐢ㄨ鍒欎骇鐢熷噯纭殑璁よ瘑锛屾病鏈夌浉鍏璇硶鐭ヨ瘑鐨勬彁绀烘槸寰堥毦鍋氬埌鐨勩備竴銆佸垵涓娉曟暀瀛﹁蹇典笂鎵瀛樺湪鐨勯棶棰 鑻辫璇剧▼鏀归潻鐨勯噸鐐瑰氨鏄鏀瑰彉鑻辫璇剧▼杩囧垎閲嶈璇硶鍜...
绛旓細銆 #鑻辫璧勬簮# 瀵艰銆戣嫳璇涔犻櫎浜嗗湪璇惧爞鐨勫涔,鍦ㄨ涓嬬殑缁冧範涔熸槸闈炲父鐨勯噸瑕,甯歌█閬:鈥滃姛澶湪璇惧鈥濄備互涓嬧滈珮涓嫳璇啓浣滀腑鏄撶姱鐨勯敊璇濈敱 ! 涓銆佸悕璇 鍐欎綔涓,澶у甯告妸鎻′笉濂藉悕璇嶇殑鏁般佹墍鏈夋牸浠ュ強涓浜涢泦鍚堝悕璇嶇殑鐢ㄦ硶銆 1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday. 鍙涓殑a瑕鍘绘帀,鍥犱负advice鏄笉鍙暟...
绛旓細鏁欏笀鍦ㄦ暀瀛﹁娉曟椂鏃瑕佹敞鎰璁茶В鐨勭郴缁熷寲,涔熻娉ㄦ剰鎬荤粨瑙勫緥鐨勭郴缁熷寲銆傚: 鑻辫璇硶绯荤粺澶嶆潅鑰屼笖闈㈠箍銆傞珮涓夎娉曞涔犺鍋氬埌鏃㈡湁绯荤粺鎬у張瑕佺獊鍑洪噸鐐, 鍒囦笉鍙溁铚撶偣姘, 闈㈤潰淇卞埌銆傛湁鐨勮澶氳闈; 鏈夌殑瑕佸缁冧範, 浠ュ舰鎴愭柊鐨勬妧宸; 鏈夌殑鍙渶鐐圭牬灏辫兘鎶婂凡鏈夋妧宸ц縼绉诲埌鏂扮殑棰嗗煙涓潵; 鏈夌殑鍦ㄩ珮鑰冧腑鍑虹幇鐜囬珮...
绛旓細鎯呮櫙鍙牴鎹璇硶鍐呭鐨勪笉鍚岃岀簿蹇冭缃傦紙涓锛 浠ユ棫甯︽柊锛屽仛濂介摵鍨 璇硶鏁欏涓紝鏁欏笀涓嶈鐩村涓婚锛屾ヤ簬姹傛垚銆搴旀敞鎰婵娲诲鐢熺殑鍏冭鐭ワ紝灏嗗鐢熷師鏈夌殑鐭ヨ瘑婵娲伙紝浠庡鐢熷凡鍏峰鐨勮娉曡兘鍔涗汉鎵嬶紝鎵惧埌鏈杩戠殑鍒囧叆鐐癸紝鎶婃柊鎺堢殑璇硶椤圭洰宸у鍦拌瀺鍏ヨ瑷娲诲姩涓紝骞惰繘琛屼粠鏃х煡鍒版柊鎺堬紝浠庣畝鍗曞埌澶嶆潅鐨勫眰灞傞摵鍨紝璁╁...
绛旓細涓銆佽鍫傛暀瀛︽椿鍔瑕鐩爣鏄庣‘ 鏂拌绋嬬悊蹇典笅锛屽熀纭鏁欒偛闃舵鑻辫璇剧▼鐨勬讳綋鐩爣鏄細鍩瑰吇瀛︾敓鐨勭患鍚堣瑷杩愮敤鑳藉姏锛屽鐢熻兘澶熺敤鑻辫鍋氫簨鎯呮槸璇惧爞鏁欏鐩爣杈炬垚鐨勪富瑕佷綋鐜般傚湪灏忓鑻辫璇惧爞鏁欏涓紝鏁欏笀骞挎硾閲囩敤璐磋繎瀛︾敓鐢熸椿鐨勶紝鏄撲簬瀛︾敓鍙備笌浣撻獙鐨勪换鍔″瀷鏁欏娲诲姩銆備緥濡傦紝鍦ㄦ暀瀛﹀洓骞寸骇涓婂唽 Unit 5鈥淲hat would you like锛
绛旓細缇庡浗鑻辫姣旇嫳鍥借嫳璇洿骞虫皯鍖,瀹冪殑璇皟涔熸洿瓒嬩簬鑷劧,杈冨皯鏁呮剰鐨勬姂鎵】鎸;鑻卞浗鑻辫璇皟鍒欒捣浼忚緝澶с備笉鍚岀殑璇皟鍙互琛ㄧず璇磋瘽浜轰笉鍚岀殑鎬佸害鍜屼笉鍚岀殑闅愬惈鎰忔濄鑻辫涓鍚屼竴鍙ヨ瘽閲囩敤涓嶅悓鐨勮璋冧細浜х敓鎴劧涓嶅悓鐨勮鎰忔蹇点 渚嬪:鈥測es鈥,鑻ョ敤闄嶈皟,琛ㄧず璇磋瘽浜哄鎵鍥炵瓟鐨勯棶棰鍗佸垎纭畾;鑻ョ敤鍗囪皟,琛ㄧず瀵归棶棰樻湁鐤戦棶銆傝璋冨叿鏈夊己...
绛旓細銆婇珮涓鑻辫璇硶-娴呰皥none鐨勭敤娉曘嬬敱鐣欏liuxue86.com鎴戞暣鐞嗐傛湰鍐呭鏁寸悊鏃堕棿涓05鏈12鏃ワ紝濡傛湁浠讳綍闂璇疯仈绯绘垜浠傛祬璋坣one鐨勭敤娉 1. none 涓 no one / nobody 鍙 nothing no one / nobody 甯哥敤鏉ユ寚浜猴紝浣滀富璇椂璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝瑕佺敤鍗曟暟褰㈠紡锛沶othing 甯哥敤鏉ユ寚鐗╋紝浣滀富璇椂璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝涔熻鐢ㄥ崟鏁板舰寮忥紱none...
绛旓細each鍙互鍋氫唬璇嶅拰褰㈠璇嶏紝each of +鍙暟鍚嶈瘝澶嶆暟涓璭ach鍋氫唬璇嶃備絾鏄痚very鍙兘鍋氬舰瀹硅瘝锛屾晠娌℃湁every of 杩欐牱鐨勭敤娉曘搴旇鏀规垚every one of+鍙暟鍚嶈瘝澶嶆暟,瀹冨仛涓昏璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝涔熺敤鍗曟暟銆傚悓鏃秂ach of+鍙暟鍚嶈瘝澶嶆暟涔熷彲浠ヨ鎴恊ach one of+鍙暟鍚嶈瘝澶嶆暟,鍚屾牱璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝鐢ㄥ崟鏁般娉ㄦ剰锛歟veryone涓嶅拰of杩炵敤鍗筹細every...
绛旓細銆婇珮涓鑻辫璇硶-娴呰皥鑻辫鏋勮瘝娉曪紙涓锛夈嬬敱鍑哄浗鐣欏鎴戠簿蹇冧负鎮ㄥ涔犺嫳璇噯澶.liuxue86.com銆傛湰鍐呭鏁寸悊鏃堕棿涓05鏈12鏃ワ紝濡傛湁浠讳綍闂璇疯仈绯绘垜浠傛祬璋堣嫳璇瀯璇嶆硶锛堜竴锛夋帉鎻¤嫳璇瀯璇嶆硶鏄珮涓鐢搴旇鍏峰鐨勪竴椤瑰熀鏈妧鑳姐傚畠瀵逛簬甯姪瀛︾敓鎵╁ぇ璇嶆眹閲忥紝鍑嗙‘鍦版帹娴嬫枃绔犱腑璇嶆眹鐨勫惈涔夊叿鏈夐潪甯搁噸瑕佺殑鎰忎箟銆傜幇灏辫嫳璇涓...
