定语从句 “定语从句”是什么意思？
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定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
一、 限定性定语从句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.
一.定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
四．关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开
意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整
译法上 翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词的使用上 A．做宾语时可省略 B。可用that
C．可用who代替whom A．不可省 B。不用that
C。不用who代替whom
限制性定语从句举例：
(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
(2) China is a country which has a long history.
非限制性定语从句举例：
(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）
(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）
难点分析
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )
(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句
1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.
(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.
摘自《简明英语语法》
在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：
限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。
非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。 例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）
更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。
参考资料：http://forum.pre-mbaclub.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=66&ID=19041
能问出这种问题的人大概对普通的解释方法完全不开窍，那么我换一种方法来解释。什么叫从句呢？很多人都不明白，其实从与主是一对反义词。比如说一件案子里面有主犯和从犯，主犯是要负主要责任的，是重要的，从犯只是帮忙的人。主句和从句同理，主句是你想表达的内容，最简单的概括，我吃饭，完了，那么从句是一个不重要的成分，句子有它没它都成立，它只是帮忙的人，这里的帮忙，就是修饰作用。吃的什么样的饭呢？这是从句需要解决的问题。英语里面习惯先说最重要的，就是开门见山，那么次要的要放在后面，用which 或that连接，与汉语的语序不一样，汉语最重要的信息放在后面说。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别是地位不同，在同位语从句中，从句与其修饰的成分是相同的，两个只是说法不一样，而定语从句存在主次，从句只是修饰用的。
记得，一定要把句子看明白，可以在心里翻译过来。老师问这个句子是什么从句的时候，无论问没问翻译，你都要自己翻译明白，否则神也无法知道这是什么语法点。
张老师带你了解什么是定语从句。
什么是定语从句？
绛旓細瀹氳浠庡彞缁撴瀯涓猴細瀹氳浠庡彞=鍏堣璇+鍏崇郴璇+浠庡彞 瀹氳浠庡彞锛屼竴涓彞瀛愯窡鍦ㄤ竴鍚嶈瘝鎴栦唬璇嶏紙鍏堣璇嶏級鍚庤繘琛屼慨楗伴檺瀹氾紝灏卞彨鍋氬畾璇粠鍙ャ傞氫織鏉ヨ锛屼粠鍙ュ湪鏁翠釜鍙ュ瓙涓仛瀹氳锛岃繖涓粠鍙ュ氨鍙仛瀹氳浠庡彞銆備粠鍙ュ湪涓诲彞涓厖褰撳畾璇垚鍒嗐傝淇グ鐨勮瘝鍙厛琛岃瘝銆傚畾璇粠鍙ヤ笉鍚屼簬鍗曡瘝浣滃畾璇殑鎯呭喌锛屽畠閫氬父鍙兘鏀惧湪琚慨楗扮殑璇嶏紙...
绛旓細濡備綍鎺屾彙濂瀹氳浠庡彞 鍏崇郴浠ｈ瘝鐨勯夋嫨 鍏崇郴浠ｈ瘝鐨勯夋嫨,涓昏鏄寚who鍜宼hat,that鍜 which,as鍜寃hich杩欎笁瀵瑰叧绯讳唬璇嶇殑閫夋嫨銆 涓銆佸叧绯讳唬璇峸ho鍜宼hat鐨勯夋嫨 鍏崇郴浠ｈ瘝who鍜宼hat閮藉彲浠ユ寚浜,鏈夋椂浣跨敤鍦哄悎鏈夊尯鍒 (涓)鍏崇郴浠ｈ瘝who鐨勪娇鐢ㄥ満鍚 1.who鍙互浠ｈ〃浜恒佷汉鏍煎寲浜嗙殑鍔ㄧ墿銆佺璇濇晠浜嬩腑鐨勪汉鐗╂垨鏈夌敓鍛界殑浜嬬墿銆傚: 1)...
绛旓細4銆乀he coat锛坱hat锛塈 put on the desk is blue.鎴戞斁鍦ㄦ瀛愪笂鐨勯偅浠跺濂楁槸钃濊壊鐨勩5銆乀he building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.浣嶄簬鐏溅绔欓檮杩戠殑閭ｅ骇澶фゼ鏄竴瀹惰秴甯傘傚湪澶嶅悎鍙ヤ腑锛屼慨楗板悕璇嶆垨浠ｈ瘝鐨勪粠鍙ュ彨瀹氳浠庡彞銆傚紩瀵煎畾璇粠鍙ョ殑璇嶅彨鍏崇郴璇嶃傝淇グ鐨勫悕璇嶆垨浠ｈ瘝鍙厛琛...
绛旓細瀹氳浠庡彞鐨勫吀鍨嬩緥鍙ュ涓嬶細1銆乀his is an old computer which works much slower.2銆乀hey stayed with me for three weeks during which time they drunk all the wine I had.3銆乀he picture we are looking at was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.瀹氳浠庡彞锛堜篃绉板叧绯讳粠鍙ャ佸舰瀹硅瘝鎬т粠鍙ワ級锛...
绛旓細瀹氳浠庡彞锛堜篃绉板叧绯讳粠鍙ャ佸舰瀹硅瘝鎬т粠鍙ワ級锛屾槸鎸囦竴绫荤敱鍏崇郴璇嶏紙鑻辫锛歳elative word锛夊紩瀵肩殑浠庡彞锛屽洜涓鸿繖绫讳粠鍙ョ殑鍙ユ硶鍔熻兘澶氭槸鍋氬畾璇紝鎵浠ユ浘琚О涓哄畾璇粠鍙ワ紙鑻辫锛歛ttributive clause锛夛紝杩欑被浠庡彞闄や簡鍙互鍋氬畾璇箣澶栵紝杩樺彲浠ュ厖褰撶姸璇瓑鍏朵粬鎴愬垎锛屾墍浠ョ幇浠ｈ瑷瀛﹀浣跨敤鈥滃叧绯讳粠鍙モ濊繖涓鏈銆傚叧绯讳粠鍙ユ湁闄愬埗鎬...
绛旓細瀹氳浠庡彞瀹氳浠庡彞鏄敱鍏崇郴浠ｈ瘝鍜屽叧绯诲壇璇嶅紩瀵肩殑浠庡彞,鍏朵綔鐢ㄦ槸浣滃畾璇慨楗颁富鍙ョ殑鏌愪釜鍚嶈瘝鎬ф垚鍒,瀹氳浠庡彞鍒嗕负闄愬畾鎬у拰闈為檺瀹氭т粠鍙ヤ袱绉嶃 涓銆 闄愬畾鎬у畾璇粠鍙1. that鍗冲彲浠ｈ〃浜嬬墿涔熷彲浠ｈ〃浜,which浠ｈ〃浜嬬墿;瀹冧滑鍦ㄤ粠鍙ヤ腑浣滀富璇垨瀹捐,that鍦ㄤ粠鍙ヤ腑浣滃璇椂甯稿彲鐪佺暐鍏崇郴璇,which鍦ㄤ粠鍙ヤ腑浣滃璇垯涓嶈兘鐪佺暐銆傝屼笖,濡傛灉whic...
绛旓細瀹氳浠庡彞鐨勭敤娉曞涓嬶細瀹氳浠庡彞锛屼竴涓畝鍗曞彞璺熷湪涓鍚嶈瘝鎴栦唬璇嶅悗(鍏堣璇)杩涜淇グ闄愬畾锛屾墍浠ュ彨鍋氬畾璇粠鍙ャ傚湪涓诲彞涓厖褰撳畾璇垚鍒嗐備竴銆佸熀鏈蹇碉細鍦ㄥ鍚堝彞涓紝淇グ鏌愪竴鍚嶈瘝鎴栦唬璇嶇殑浠庡彞鍙畾璇粠鍙ャ傚锛欴o you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten ...
绛旓細寮曞瀹氳浠庡彞鐨勮瘝鏈夊叧绯讳唬璇峵hat銆亀hich銆亀ho銆亀hich銆亀hose鍜屽叧绯诲壇璇峸here 銆亀hen锛屽叧绯讳唬璇嶅拰鍏崇郴鍓瘝鏄紩瀵艰瘝锛屽湪瀹氳浠庡彞涓媴褰撴煇涓鎴愪唤銆傚畾璇粠鍙ヤ笉鍚屼簬鍗曡瘝浣滃畾璇殑鎯呭喌锛屽畠閫氬父鍙兘鏀惧湪琚慨楗扮殑璇嶏紙鍗冲厛琛岃瘝锛変箣鍚庯紝瀹氳浠庡彞鐢卞叧绯昏瘝锛堝叧绯讳唬璇嶃佸叧绯诲壇璇嶏級寮曞锛屽叧绯讳唬璇嶃佸叧绯诲壇璇嶄綅浜庡畾璇粠鍙ュ彞棣...
绛旓細瀹氳浠庡彞鏄湪涓诲彞涓慨楗颁竴涓悕璇嶆垨浠ｈ瘝鐨勫彞瀛愶紝閫氬父鐢卞叧绯昏瘝锛堜篃绉板叧绯讳唬璇嶏級寮曞銆傚父鐢ㄧ殑鍏崇郴璇嶆湁 that, which, who, whom, whose, where, when 鍜 why锛屽畠浠殑鍏蜂綋鐢ㄦ硶鍜屽尯鍒涓嬶細that锛歵hat 閫氬父鐢ㄤ簬淇グ鎸囩墿鐨勫悕璇嶏紝涔熷彲浠ヤ慨楗版寚浜虹殑鍚嶈瘝锛屼綔涓哄紩瀵艰瘝鏃朵笉鑳界渷鐣ャ倀hat 鐢ㄤ簬闄愬埗鎬у畾璇粠鍙ヤ腑锛...
绛旓細瀹氳浠庡彞璇﹁В 鐢ㄦ潵璇存槑涓诲彞涓煇涓鍚嶈瘝鎴栦唬璇嶏紙鏈夋椂涔熷彲璇存槑鏁翠釜涓诲彞鎴栦富鍙ヤ腑涓閮ㄥ垎锛夎岃捣瀹氳浣滅敤鐨勫彞瀛愬彨浣滃畾璇粠鍙.涓锛庤瘝寮曞鐨勫畾璇粠鍙 1. 鍏崇郴浠ｈ瘝鐢ㄦ潵鎸囦唬鍏堣璇嶆槸浜烘垨鐗╃殑鍚嶈瘝鎴栦唬璇 鍙ュ瓙鎴愬垎 鐢ㄤ簬闄愬埗浠庡彞鎴栭潪闄愬埗鎬т粠鍙 鍙敤浜庨檺鍒舵т粠鍙 浠ｆ浛浜 浠ｆ浛鐗 浠ｆ浛浜烘垨鐗 涓昏 Who...
