宇宙飞船是如何向地球远距离传送图像的比方说 飞了九年的新视野号探测器飞掠冥王星传回图像？？ 新视野号探测器是如何把信息传回地球的？
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Firstly, the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration for pain costly, 2015 July 14, the action, costing $700 million and technology can support the energy supply for a long time. Also new horizons is mankind has launched the fastest spacecraft, drive a car knows, the car was faster, more fuel-efficient. The other reason is that the technology is confidential, the most powerful hackers are difficult to crack. Public information is as follows:
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New horizons probe ship power from a nuclear battery, the generator using the new horizons mission logo radioactive isotope oxide plutonium natural decay of the released heat, electric corner forms of electricity generation. Due to Pluto too far away from the sun, sunshine by the sun to Pluto takes about 4 hours, solar energy in the vicinity of the Pluto can accept only one thousandth of the earth, ship detection cannot use solar power generated an adequate energy supply activities required, so nuclear battery is the only choice. In fact, all outer space detectors are using the same design, including the "Cassini" ship detection. The probe ship is provided with a steering engine to adjust the phase of the probe, which can be corrected to the orbit of Pluto in almost ten years. When the boat close to Pluto, to adjust the detector so that all point to pluto. When over Pluto, but also adjust the hull in order to observe the Charon, pending completion of the detection, but also to turn the school ship, the high gain antenna pointing toward the earth, and the collected data back to earth. This design is due to the limited budget, the New Horizons spacecraft can not like just as its predecessors "traveler", on the 2nd, using a rotary platform, can be relatively simple to execute instructions, but only to regulate hull phase the complex method to accomplish the task.
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II on your second question, the United States so important results, of course, will not use slow and safe and not ordinary computer transmission, use is very advanced -- "New Horizons spacecraft installed a diameter of 2.1 meters (83 inches) high gain antenna, and the ball deep space network keep in touch, to receive instructions from the earth, and scientific data will be collected, transported back to earth. In addition, a low gain antenna is mounted on a high gain antenna, which is a backup of the high gain antenna to be prepared from time to time. High gain antenna has two bands to send and receive signals, a broad spectrum, upload and download speed is high, in contrast, low gain antenna there was only a narrow frequency band, low efficiency, but in an emergency can replace high gain antenna. My answer is that I can help you, thank you.
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“新地平线”（新视野号）探测船安装了一只直径2.1米(83英吋)的高增益天线，能够与地球的深空网络保持联系，接收来自地球的指令，以及将收集得到的科学资料输送回去地球。高增益天线相对来说是辐射方向上更加狭窄，在某些方向上的辐射较为集中，故能量集中到某些方向上去了，故体现为某些方向上的增益。
另外安装在高增益天线正上方的是低增益天线，是高增益天线的后备，以备不时之须。高增益天线有两条频带收发讯号，频谱宽阔，上传下载速度高，相比之下，低增益天线只有一条窄频带，效率较低，但是在紧急情况之下，可以顶替高增益天线的工作。
扩展资料：
太空信号接收问题：
影响信号传输最大的困难就是间隔。在宇宙中，包括恒星在内的许多星体都会收回各种频率的电磁信号。而在太阳系中，太阳所收回的的电磁波更是成为了宏大的噪声源。这些噪声累加在一同，成为宇宙空间的背景噪声。随着间隔的添加，探测器的传输信号很容易吞没在宇宙背景噪声中，愈加难以被检测出来。
雪上加霜的是，信号在传输的进程中还会由于搅扰而呈现失真。由于间隔太远加之搅扰宏大，信号中的二进制数据很容易呈现错误。明明代表0的信号能够因搅扰变为1，明明代表1的信号也能够因搅扰而变为0。
由于探测器和地球间隔过于悠远，任何没有对准地球收回的信号都无法被承受到。为了提升发射信号效率，探测器的发射天线必需对准地球。只要将发射的能量尽能够的集中，地球才有能够承受到48亿公里之外的探测器信号。
参考资料来源：百度百科-新地平线号探测器
据外媒报道，当地时间14日，经过50亿公里的飞行、九年半的太空穿梭，美国宇航局“新视野号”探测器掠过冥王星，前所未有的近距离实拍冥王星画面，揭露太阳系中这个未曾被探索过的疆域。接下来我们一起来了解下新视野号探测器掠过冥王星的详细内容。
据报道，体积如小型三角钢琴般大小的“新视野号”探测器在美国东部时间14日早上7时49分距离冥王星(pluto)最近。预计届时“新视野号”将在距冥王星12500公里的位置上掠过，其任务是为冥王星拍照以及收集数据。
“新视野号”项目首席科学家斯特恩指出，该探测器有一万分之一的概率，会因撞上冥王星周边的碎石残骸而功败垂成。“新视野号”订于美国东部时间下午4时20向地球发送信号报平安，但要近5小时后，科学家才会收到，因此在“新视野号”与冥王星近距离接触后大约13小时，美国宇航局才会宣布“新视野号”是否安然度过此次的高速邂逅。
报道称，“新视野号”的飞行时速近5万公里，是迄今速度最快的宇宙飞船。它携带的七台仪器将在飞越冥王星时开足马力工作，拼凑出冥王星及其卫星的完整面貌。
冥王星原为太阳系九大行星之一，但于2006年除名，被降级为“矮行星”。
9年48亿公里，只为跨越大半个太阳系来看你。美国“新地平线”号探测器经过9年多的漫长飞行，终于在昨天晚上掠过冥王星，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）随后通过社交网络发表了迄今为止人类所拍摄到最清晰的冥王星照片。据悉，他们宣布已经从中发现冥王星的实际尺寸比此前的测算稍大。此后还会有更多冥王星的照片放出，大量照片的公布则需要等到9月份。
美国“新视野号”的推进系统由16个单元肼推进器组成，其中4个推力为4.4牛的推进器主要用于修正飞行轨道，12个推力为0.8牛的推进器主要用于使探测器自旋加速或减速。“新视野号”共携带77千克推进剂，用于在航行过程中修正轨道或改变航向。在飞赴冥王星的过程中，它利用木星引力进行辅助加速；在抵达冥王星的时候，它采用飞越方式探测，因此在靠近冥王星时无需减速使之进入环绕轨道。这两个因素使得“新视野号”携带的燃料比较少。
通过无线电传输，无线电的范围很广，传到地球没问题
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