英语有几个时态，分别是什么，怎么用，详细点，复制过来的也行，详细就好，谢谢 英语中过去完成时的用法和语法，复制也行，但要准确 谢谢
\u8c01\u5e2e\u6211\u627e\u51fa\u82f1\u8bed16\u79cd\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5fc5\u987b16\u4e2a\u3002\u590d\u5236\u7684\u4e5f\u884c\u3002\u8c22\u8c22\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728,\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb,\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u6765,\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u884c,\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c,\u5c06\u6765\u8fdb\u884c,\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210,\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210,\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210.\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765,\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210,\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u8fdb\u884c,\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c,\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c,\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c,\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c
\u4e00\u3001\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u65f6\uff1a Sub do Obj\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1a I go to school everyday.\u4e8c\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u822c\u65f6\uff1a Sub did Obj + \u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aTom suddenly fell in yesterday.\u4e09\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u4e00\u822c\u65f6\uff1a Sub will (shall) do Obj + \u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aHe will come next week\u3002\u56db\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u4e00\u822c\u65f6\uff1aSub would (should) do Obj\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aYou knew I would come.\u4e94\u3001\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff1a Sub has done Obj\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe car has arrived.\u516d\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff1aSub had done Obj + \u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1a I had finished my homework before supper.\u4e03\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff1aSub will (shall) have done Obj +\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aI shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.\u516b\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff1aSub would have done Obj +\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe day was drawing near when we would have completed the reservoir.\u4e5d\u3001\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff1aSub be doing Obj\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aWhat are you doing now, John?\u5341\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff1aSub was doing Obj\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aI was practising the violin at eight o\u2019clock yesterday evening.\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff1aSub will be doing Obj + \u6807\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aWhat will you be doing this time tomorrow?\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff1aSub would be doing Obj\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aJohn told us that Mary would be coming next day.\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff1aSub has been doing Obj + \u72b6\u8bed\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aI have been writing letters all this morning.\u5341\u56db\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff1aSub has been doing Obj + \u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.\u5341\u4e94\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff1aSub will (shall) has been doing Obj + \u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6765\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThe play is coming off in August. By then the play will have been running for three months.\u5341\u516d\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff1aSub would has been doing + \u72b6\u8bed\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aHe said that by the end of the Spring term he would have been studying English for three years.
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1.\u540d\u8bcd(nouns\uff09n.\uff1a \u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u8bcd\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b9e\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4ee3\u4eba\u3001\u7269\u3001\u4e8b\u3001\u65f6\u3001\u5730\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u7b49\u5b9e\u4f53\u6216\u62bd\u8c61\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u540d\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u6210\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u77ed\u8bed\u6216\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002\u540d\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\uff08Proper Nouns\uff09\u548c\u666e\u901a\u540d\u8bcd (Common Nouns\uff09\uff0c\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\uff08\u4e9b\uff09\u4eba\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u673a\u6784\u7b49\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5982Beijing\uff0cChina\u7b49\u3002\u666e\u901a\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u6216\u4e1c\u897f\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\uff1abook\uff0csadness\u7b49\u3002 2.\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff08pronoun\uff09pron.\uff1a \u4ee3\u8bcd\u662f\u4ee3\u66ff\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8bcd\u7c7b\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5177\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u6309\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u7279\u5f81\u53ca\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u7269\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u53cd\u8eab\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u7591\u95ee\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee3\u8bcd\u548c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4e5d\u79cd\u3002 3.\u6570\u8bcd\uff08numeral\uff09Num.\uff1a \u8868\u793a\u201c\u591a\u5c11\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7b2c\u51e0\u201d\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u53eb\u6570\u8bcd\u3002\u5176\u7528\u6cd5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u8005\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u3002\u6570\u8bcd\u5206\u4e3a\u57fa\u6570\u8bcd\u548c\u5e8f\u6570\u8bcd\u4e24\u79cd\u3002 4.\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd(adjective\uff09adj.\u6216a.\uff1b \u5f88\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bcd\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u9970\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u9970\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u597d\u574f\uff0c\u4e0e\u5426\u3002 5.\u526f\u8bcd\uff08adverb)adv.\uff1a \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u9970\u52a8\u8bcd\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u3001\u5168\u53e5\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u526f\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u534a\u865a\u534a\u5b9e\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u526f\u8bcd\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u526f\u8bcd\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u526f\u8bcd\u3001\u65b9\u5f0f\u526f\u8bcd\u3001\u7a0b\u5ea6\u526f\u8bcd\u3001\u7591\u95ee\u526f\u8bcd\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u526f\u8bcd\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd\u3001\u9891\u7387\u526f\u8bcd\u548c\u8bf4\u660e\u6027\u526f\u8bcd\u7b49\u3002 6.\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08Verb\uff09v.\uff1a \u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u6216\u8868\u793a\u5404\u7c7b\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u8981\u8868\u793a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u65f6\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8bcd\u3001\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u3001\u5bf9\u7b49\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u3001\u4ece\u5c5e\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u5b50\u53e5\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fde\u7ed3\u3002
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7.\u51a0\u8bcd\uff08article) art.\uff1a \u51a0\u8bcd\u662f\u865a\u8bcd,\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528,\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8bcd\u4e49,\u5b83\u7528\u5728\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u524d\u9762,\u5e2e\u52a9\u6307\u660e\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002 \u51a0\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u79bb\u5f00\u540d\u8bcd\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8868\u793a\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u6570\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u7279\u5f81\u3002 8.\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff08preposition\uff09prep.\uff1a \u4ecb\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8bcd\u4e0e\u8bcd\u3001\u8bcd\u4e0e\u53e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u865a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u4f5c\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u3002\u4ecb\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6216\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bcd\u7c7b\uff0c\u77ed\u8bed\u6216\u4ece\u53e5\u4f5c\u5b83\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002\u4ecb\u8bcd\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u6784\u6210\u4ecb\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\uff0c\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\uff0c\u8868\u8bed\uff0c\u8865\u8bed\u6216\u4ecb\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002\u4ecb\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u4ecb\u8bcd\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u4ecb\u8bcd\u3001\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ecb\u8bcd\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u4ecb\u8bcd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4ecb\u8bcd\u3002 9.\u8fde\u8bcd\uff08conjunction\uff09conj\uff1a \u8fde\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u8bcd\uff0c \u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u62c5\u4efb\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u800c\u53ea\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u4e0e\u8bcd\uff0c\u77ed\u8bed\u4e0e\u77ed\u8bed\u4ee5\u53ca\u53e5\u4e0e\u53e5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fde\u8bcd\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a4\u7c7b\uff1a\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u8bcd.\u8f6c\u6298\u8fde\u8bcd.\u9009\u62e9\u8fde\u8bcd\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u8fde\u8bcd\u3002 10.\u52a9\u8bcd\uff1a \u52a9\u8bcd\u662f\u9644\u7740\u5728\u8bcd\uff0c\u77ed\u8bed\uff0c\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u524d\u9762\u6216\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7ed3\u6784\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u67d0\u4e9b\u9644\u52a0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u865a\u8bcd\u3002\u52a9\u8bcd\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u52a9\u8bcd\uff0c\u65f6\u6001\u52a9\u8bcd\uff0c\u8bed\u6c14\u52a9\u8bcd\u4e09\u79cd\u3002 11.\u53f9\u8bcd\uff1a\uff08interjection\uff09interj.\uff1a \u53f9\u8bcd\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u8868\u793a\u611f\u53f9\u3001\u547c\u5524\u3001\u5e94\u7b54\u7684\u8bcd\u3002
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yes\u548cno
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\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u6001\uff08tense\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u6001\u7528\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u662f\u8868\u793a\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u52a8\u4f5c\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u65f6\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u5e94\u65f6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5341\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u65f6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u65f6\u6001\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u5341\u79cd\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u3002 \u6240\u8c13\u201c\u65f6\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u6bb5\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u73b0\u5728\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u56db\u79cd\uff1b\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6001\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u8bf4\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u5b8c\u6210\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u56db\u79cd\u3002\u7531\u65f6\u548c\u6001\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f62\u6210\u4e0b\u5217\u5341\u516d\u79cd\u65f6\u6001\uff1a \u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\uff1b \u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff1b \u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff1b \u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0e
\u4e00\u3001 \u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u3001\u53cd\u590d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u53ca\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u72b6\u51b5\u3002 2.\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1a Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month\u2026), once a week(day, year, month\u2026), on Sundays, 3.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u52a8\u8bcd \u539f\u5f62 \uff08\u5982\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0a\u8981\u6539\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09 4.\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+am/is/are +not+\u5176\u4ed6; \u6b64\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u82e5\u4e3a\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5176\u524d\u52a0don't, \u5982\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u7528doesn't\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u539f\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002 5.\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1a\u628abe\u52a8\u8bcd\u653e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\uff1b\u7528\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcddo\u63d0\u95ee\uff0c\u5982\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u7528does\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002 6.\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aIt seldom snows here.\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f88\u5c11\u4e0b\u96ea\u3002 He is always ready to help others.\u4ed6\u603b\u662f\u4e50\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u522b\u4eba\u3002 Action speaks louder than words.\u4e8b\u5b9e\u80dc\u4e8e\u96c4\u8fa9\u3002
\u4e8c\u3001 \u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u3001\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 2.\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1aago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month\u2026), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+\u52a8\u8bcd\u6216be\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6+\u540d\u8bcd 4.\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+was/were +not+\u5176\u4ed6;\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u8bcd\u524d\u52a0didn't\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u539f\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002 5.\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1awas\u6216were\u653e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\uff1b\u7528\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcddo\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0fdid \u63d0\u95ee\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u539f\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002 6.\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aShe often came to help us in those days.\u90a3\u4e9b\u5929\u5979\u7ecf\u5e38\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u3002 I didn't know you were so busy.\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5fd9\u3002
\u4e09\u3001 \u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u6765\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ca\u6253\u7b97\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u6216\u51c6\u5907\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u3002 2.\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1aTomorrow, next day(week, month, year\u2026),soon, in a few minutes, by\u2026,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+am/is/are +going to + do+\u5176\u5b83\uff1b\u4e3b\u8bed+will/shall + do+\u5176\u5b83 4.\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+am/is/are not going to do \uff1b\u4e3b\u8bed+will/shall not do+\u5176\u5b83 5.\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1abe\u653e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\uff1bwill/shall\u63d0\u5230\u53e5\u9996\u3002 6.\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThey are going to have a competition with us in studies.\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u6709\u4e00\u573a\u6bd4\u8d5b\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u7814\u7a76\u3002 It is going to rain.\u5929\u8981\u4e0b\u96e8\u4e86\u3002
\u56db\u3001 \u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u770b\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u3002 2.\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1aThe next day (morning, year\u2026),the following month(week\u2026),etc. 3.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+was/were +going to + do+\u5176\u5b83\uff1b\u4e3b\u8bed+would/should + do+\u5176\u5b83 4.\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+was/were+not + going to + do; \u4e3b\u8bed+would/should + not + do. 5.\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1awas\u6216were\u653e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\uff1bwould/should \u63d0\u5230\u53e5\u9996\u3002 6.\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aHe said he would go to Beijing the next day.\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u8981\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\u3002 I asked who was going there.\u6211\u95ee\uff0c\u8c01\u8981\u53bb\u90a3\u91cc\u3002
\u4e94\u3001 \u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u6216\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 2.\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1aNow, at this time, days, etc. look. listen 3.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+be +doing +\u5176\u5b83 4.\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+be +not +doing+\u5176\u5b83 5.\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1a\u628abe\u52a8\u8bcd\u653e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u3002 6.\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aHow are you feeling today?\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u611f\u89c9\u5982\u4f55\uff1f He is doing well in his lessons.\u5728\u8bfe\u4e0a\u4ed6\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u3002
\u516d\u3001 \u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002 2.\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1aat this time yesterday, at that time\u6216\u4ee5when\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u7b49\u3002 3.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784 \u4e3b\u8bed+was/were +doing +\u5176\u5b83 4.\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+was/were + not +doing+\u5176\u5b83 5.\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1a\u628awas\u6216were\u653e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u3002(\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5927\u5199\uff09 6.\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAt that time she was working in a PLA unit.\u90a3\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5979\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.\u4ed6\u8fdb\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u8bfb\u62a5\u7eb8\u3002
\u4e03\u3001 \u5c06\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6765\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u6216\u8868\u793a\u8981\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8be2\u95ee\u3001en211 \u8bf7\u6c42\u7b49\u3002 2.\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1aSoon, tomorrow, this evening\uff0con Sunday, by this time\uff0cin two days, tomorrow evening 3.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+shall/will + be +\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd+\u5176\u5b83 4.\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+shall/will + not + be +\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd+\u5176\u5b83 5.\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThis time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.\u4e0b\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u5750\u5728\u7535\u5f71\u9662\u3002 He won\u2019t be coming to the party.\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53bb\u53c2\u52a0\u805a\u4f1a\u4e86\u3002
\u516b\u3001 \u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5c31\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u8a00,\u5c06\u6765\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u6216\u67d0\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c,\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d,\u5c24\u5176\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u4e2d\u3002 2.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1ashould/would + be +\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd 3.\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aThey said they would be coming.\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u8981\u6765\u3002 He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u6765\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u5f00\u4f1a\u3002
\u4e5d\u3001 \u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6216\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u3002 2.\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1ayet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\uff0cfor+\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\uff0crecently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+have/has +p.p\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff09+\u5176\u5b83 4.\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+have/has + not +p.p\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff09+\u5176\u5b83 5.\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1ahave\u6216has\u3002 6.\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aI've written an article.\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u3002 The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\u5341\u3001 \u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u4ee5\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4ee5\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u201d\u3002 2.\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1aBefore, by the end of last year (term, month\u2026), etc. 3.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+had + p.p\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff09+\u5176\u5b83 4.\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+had + not +p.p\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff09+\u5176\u5b83 5.\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1ahad\u653e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u3002 6.\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aAs soon as we got to the station, the train had left.\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u8f66\u7ad9\u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u706b\u8f66\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u8d70\u4e86\u3002 By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.\u5230\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\u5e95\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u56db\u672c\u4e66\u3002 \u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+had+p.p\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff09+\u5176\u5b83 \u2460\u80af\u5b9a\u53e5\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+ had+p.p\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff09+\u5176\u5b83 \u2461\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+ had+ not+p.p\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff09+\u5176\u5b83 \u2462\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1aHad+\u4e3b\u8bed+p.p\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff09+\u5176\u5b83 \u2463\u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1a\u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd+\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5
\u5341\u4e00\u3001 \u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u4e4b\u524d\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u72b6\u6001 2.\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1aby the time of; by the end of+\u65f6\u95f4\u77ed\u8bed\uff08\u5c06\u6765\uff09;by the time+\u4ece\u53e5\uff08\u5c06\u6765\uff09 3.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p\uff08\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff09+\u5176\u5b83 4\u4f8b\u53e5:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.\u5230\u4f60\u56de\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u5c31\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\u5341\u4e8c\u3001 \u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5bf9\u5c06\u6765\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u5728\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u3002 2.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1ashould/would have done sth. 3.\u4f8b\u53e5\uff1aI thought you'd have left by this time.\u6211\u60f3\u8fd9\u4f1a\u513f\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d70\u4e86\u3002 He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.\u4ed6\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ed6\u4f1a\u57288\u70b9\u4ee5\u524d\u5e72\u5b8c\u3002
\u5341\u4e09\u3001 \u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u52a8\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u5c06\u6765\u3002 2.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+have/has +been +doing+\u5176\u5b83 3.\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1asince+\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\uff0cfor+\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u7b49\u3002 4.\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1aI have been sitting here for an hour.\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5750\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002 The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.\u4ece6\u70b9\u8d77\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u770b\u7535\u89c6\u3002
\u5341\u56db\u3001 \u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u8fd8\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u624d\u7ed3\u675f\u3002 2.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+ had + been + doing +\u5176\u5b83 3.\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1aShe had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.\u5979\u5728\u8003\u8bd5\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u60a3\u91cd\u611f\u5192\u3002 Had they been expecting the news for some time?\u4ed6\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e86\u5427\uff1f 4.\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u2460\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\uff1aHe had been writing the novel.\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5199\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u4ed6\u6ca1\u5199\u5b8c\uff09 \u2461\u4f01\u56fe\uff1aHe had been studying the meaning of this proverb.\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c1a\u8bed\u3002\uff08\u4ed6\u66fe\u52aa\u529b\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u5b83\uff09 \u2462\u672a\u5f97\u7ed3\u679c\uff1aWe had been studying what our enemy had said.\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u654c\u4eba\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u89e3\uff09 \u2463\u6700\u8fd1\u60c5\u51b5\uff1aHe had been quarrelling with his wife.\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u5435\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u67b6\u3002\uff08\u6700\u8fd1\uff09 \u2464\u53cd\u590d\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1aHe had been asking me the same question.\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u95ee\u6211\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\uff08\u5c61\u6b21\uff09 \u2465\u60c5\u7eea\uff1aWhat had he been doing\uff1f\u4ed6\u505a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\uff08\u4e0d\u8010\u70e6\uff09
\u5341\u4e94\u3001 \u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u5c06\u6765\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u662f\u5426\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u8981\u89c6\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u800c\u5b9a\u3002 2.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1ashall/will have been doing 3.\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1aI shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.\u5230\u4eca\u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5382\u5de5\u4f5c20\u5e74\u4e86\u3002 If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. \u54b1\u4eec\u5982\u4e0d\u5feb\u4e00\u70b9\u513f\uff0c\u7b49\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u513f\uff0c\u5e97\u95e8\u5c31\u4f1a\u5173\u4e86\u3002
\u5341\u516d\u3001 \u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6
1.\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u65f6\u770b\u81f3\u672a\u6765\u67d0\u65f6\u4ee5\u524d\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002 2.\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1ashould/would + have + been +\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd 3.\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1aHe told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.\u4ed6\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u5230\u5e74\u5e95\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u4f4f\u4e8630\u5e74\u4e86\u3002
\u7f16\u8f91\u672c\u6bb5\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bed\u6001
\u4e00\u3001\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001
\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u4f7f\u52a8\u65b9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8c13\u8bed\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6e90\u81ea\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u65bd\u52a0\u4e8e\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u53d7\u52a8\u65b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u4f7f\u52a8\u65b9\u3002 \u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u548c\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8c13\u8bed\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5728\u8be5\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u65bd\u52a0\u65f6\u6001\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1b\u800c\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u8bcd+\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8c13\u8bed\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u65f6\u6001\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e5f\u65bd\u52a0\u5728\u7cfb\u8bcd\u4e0a\u3002
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\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u4f7f\u7528\u5f97\u6bd4\u6c49\u8bed\u8981\u591a\uff0c\u8981\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8bfe\u672c\u53ca\u8003\u8bd5\u4e43\u81f3\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u90fd\u5e38\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u5f3a\u8c03\u52a8\u4f5c\u627f\u53d7\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bf4\u51fa\u6267\u884c\u8005\u6216\u542b\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u7528\u88ab\u52a8\u5f0f\u3002\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u4e0e\u6c49\u8bed\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c49\u8bed\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709"\u88ab\u2026\u2026"\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u5374\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u88ab\u52a8\u6001\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u6001\u5f80\u5f80\u7531"by"\u5f15\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcd"by"\u7684\u77ed\u8bed\u5f80\u5f80\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7cfb\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\uff1aknown to man(\u4eba\u7c7b......\u6240\u77e5)\uff0con foot\u6b65\u884c(\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6709\u65f6\u7528by foot)\uff0cin carraige(\u4e58\u56db\u8f6e\u9a6c\u8f66)\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5047\u4e3b\u52a8\uff0c\u771f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caso heavy to carry\u800c\u4e0d\u7528so heavy to be carried \u7b49\u4e60\u60ef\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u7c7b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6709\u6570\u5bf9\u5168\u9762\u638c\u63e1\u88ab\u52a8\u6001\uff0cen211 \u51c6\u786e\u89e3\u7b54\u4e60\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u88ab\u52a8\u6001\u5fc5\u987b\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u65f6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u65f6\u6001\u672c\u6765\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u5f62\u5f0f\u5462? 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I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things. 2. \u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1awas / were + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3. \u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1awill+ be + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 4. \u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1aam / is / are + being + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.\u2192 My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. \u2192 Trees are being planted over there by them. 5. \u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1ahas / have + been + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 6.\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1awas/were + being + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital. The new road was being made. 7.\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1ahad + been + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd The classroom hadn\u2019t been cleaned before the teacher came. The tickets had been sold out berore I came to the cinema. 8.\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1ashall/will + have done They will have been married for 20 years by then. The project will have been completed before May. 9.\u542b\u6709\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd+ be + \u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. \u4e8c\u3001 \u600e\u6837\u628a\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6539\u6210\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001? \u628a\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u6539\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a 1. \u5148\u627e\u51fa\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\uff1b 2. \u518d\u627e\u51fa\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\uff1b 3. \u628a\u5bbe\u8bed\u7528\u4f5c\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\uff1b 4. \u6ce8\u610f\u4eba\u79f0\u3001\u65f6\u6001\u548c\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002 \u4f8b\uff1a1. Bruce writes a letter every week. \u2192A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.\u2192The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 3. He has written two novels so far.\u2192Two novels have been written by him so far. 4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.\u2192Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 5. Lucy is writing a letter now.\u2192A letter is being written by Lucy now. 6. You must lock the door when you leave.\u2192the door must be locked when you leave. \u4e09\u3001 \u4f7f\u7528\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a 1. \u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u65e0\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u3002 What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. \u6709\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e3b\u52a8\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u52a8\u610f\u4e49\u3002 This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 3. \u611f\u5b98\u52a8\u8bcd\u6216\u4f7f\u5f79\u52a8\u8bcd\u4f7f\u7528\u7701\u7565to\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e26to \uff0c\u4f46\u53d8\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u987b\u52a0\u4e0ato \u3002 \u4f8b\uff1amake somebody do something\u2192somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something\u2192somebody +be
作谓语动词用来表示动作(情况)发生时间的各种形式称为时态。英语中不同时间发生的动作，要用不同形式的动词来表示。因此，每说一句话都要考虑时态问题，谓语动词要用适当的时态形式。
英语一共有十六个时态。
一般现在时、 现在进行时、 现在完成时、 现在完成进行时、 一般过去时、 过去进行时、 过去完成时、 过去完成进行时、 一般将来时 、将来进行时 、将来完成时、 将来完成进行时、 一般过去将来时、 过去将来进行时 、过去将来完成时、 过去将来完成进行时
但是，英语中常用的时态有五个：一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，一般将来时和现在完成时。还有些时态用得也比较多一些，如：过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时，现在完成进行时等，其它时态用得比较少，有的时态甚至很少用到。
英语时态形式可以用下表来表示：(以study为例)
一般时态、进行时态、完成时态、完成进行时态、
现 在study studies、is/ am/ are studying 、has/ have studied、has/ have been studying
过 去studied、was/ were studying 、had studied、had been studying、
将 来shall/ will study、shall/ will be studying、shall/ will have studied、shall/ will have been studying
过 去 将 来should/ would study、should/ would be studying、should/ would have studied、should/ would have been studying、
在这里，我们重点讲一下以下常用时态：
一、一般现在时
一般现在时主要用来表示：
1. 表示一种永久性的、不涉及特定的时间的一般性陈述和客观存在。
e.g. I) He smokes too much.
II) It seldom snows here.
2. 用于说明自然规律、客观真理、科学事实，格言、谚语等也属于词类等。
e.g. I) The earth moves round the sun.
II) Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于雄辩。
3. 动作动词的一般现在时可以表示现阶段重复发生的一系列事件。这时常和sometimes, often, usually, frequently, every day/week/month/year, daily, monthly, once a year, twice a day, five times a month等表示频度的副词（短语）连用。
e.g. I) Teenagers often spend hours shopping, especially on weekends.
II) We always care for each other and care for each other.
4. 如果动作动词所指的是一个在讲话时开始并结束的单一行为，则意味着该事件很少或没有持续性，通常只用于行为语、特殊感叹句或对快速体育运动等的实况报导。
e.g. I) Here comes the winner.
II) I declare the meeting open. 我宣布会议开始。
5. 表示将来时间。在由when，if，after，before，as soon as，even if，in case，though，till，until，unless，so long as等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时可以用来表示将来时间。
e.g. I) You’d better take an umbrella in case (万一) it rains.
II) So long as (只要) you work hard, you’ll surely succeed.
6. 一般现在时可以用来表示一个按规定、计划、或安排要发生的情况。但这只限于少数动词，如begin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, stop, depart, open, close等。
e.g. I) The plane takes off at 11 a.m.
II) School begins the day after tomorrow.
III) Is there a film on tonight?
7. 在I hope, I bet等后面的that-分句中可用一般现在时表示将来概念。
e.g. I) I bet Houston Rocket beats Miami Heats this afternoon.
II) I hope the storm passes quickly.
8. 在see (to it), make sure, make certain等后面的that-分句中可用一般现在时表示将来概念。
e.g. I) Please see (to it) that windows are closed before you leave.
II) Be sure that you don’t work too hard.
9. 用于讲故事，叙述文、新闻报导或图片说明等中，以增加描述的生动性和真实感。
e.g. He sits down, shivers (颤抖) a little. The clock outside strikes twelve.
二、一般将来时
一般将来时主要用来表示：
1. 将要发生的动作或情况。
e.g. I) When shall we have an oral test (口试)?
II) He will start to work in June.
2. 习惯动作或未来的倾向。
e.g. I) Wherever he goes, he will take an umbrella with him.
II) Only in this way will we succeed. 只有这样我们才能成功。
3. 表示将要发生的动作，除了一般将来时外，还有一些其他结构和时态。
a) be going + 不定式 (表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事)
e.g. I) Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain. 看那些乌云，天快下雨了。
II) I am going to leave for Paris with my classmates next week.
b) be about + 不定式 (表示正要、刚要发生的事情)
e.g. I) The train is about to leave.
II) We are just in time. The curtain is about to go up. 我们来得很及时，电影刚好拉开序幕。
c) be + 不定式 (表示按日程将要发生的动作)
e.g. I) There is to be a test in the fifth week.
II) I am to meet my friend at the railway station this afternoon.
d) 动词现在时 (见现在进行时2)
e) 一般现在时 (见一般现在时5、6、7、8)
f) 动词将来进行时，可用来表示不含意图的将来概念。
e.g. I) Machines will be doing many jobs that people do today.
II) We will be staying in Beijing for three days.
三、一般过去时
一般过去时主要用来表示：
1. 表示事件或状态必定发生在过去，从其完成到现在之间有一段间隔。过去时间可以由状语表示，如yesterday，an hour ago，in 1972，last year等。
e.g. I) In 1972, Father’s Day became a national holiday in the United States.
II) Jane was here a moment ago.
2. 动作动词的一般过去时可以表示在过去一段时间里重复发生的一系列事件。这时常和sometimes, often, usually, frequently, every day/week/month/year, daily, monthly, once a year, twice a day, five times a month等表示频度的副词（短语）连用。
e.g. I) Ken never smoked.
II) I went to the cinema three times last week.
3. 在时间和条件状语从句中，一般过去时可以替代过去将来时。
e.g. I) Father promised to buy me a MP3 if he got a pay raise.
II) I couldn’t watch that exciting game before my homework was finished.
四、现在完成时
1. 现在完成时只要用来表示：
a) 开始于过去而延续至今的动作（有可能继续延续下去）或重复性的事件。
e.g. I) Advertising has become a very specialized activity in modern times. 广告在现代社会中已成为一项非常专业化的活动。
II) She has lived here since 1997.
b) 动作的结果到现在时刻仍然存在，常与recently, just, already, yet, before, in the past few years, up to now, so far, this year, for, since等时间状语连用。
e.g. I) So far we have learned a lot about different tenses.
II) In the past few decades (十年) great changes have taken place in Hangzhou.
2. 现在完成时和一般过去时的比较：
a) 意义上的区别
两种时态的动作都发生在过去，现在完成时强调动作现在的结果；过去时着眼过去的动作或状态本身。试比较：
e.g. I) I have read this book. (说明我了解书的内容。)
II) I read this book yesterday. (叙述昨天做的一件事，与现在无关。)
b) 时间状语的区别
与一般过去时相关的状语yesterday (morning), a month ago, earlier this month, last week/month/year/ Monday, the other day (前几天), at that time, in 1979, etc.与现在完成时相关的状语since Monday, so far, ever, never, up to now/ present, yet, for three days, etc.与两者都相关的状语Today, recently, this week/month/year/June, this morning/afternoon/evening, recently, before, once, already, etc.
c) 特殊用法
i) 在“This/ It is the first (second, third, last, etc.) time …”后用现在完成时。
e.g. It is the first time that I have traveled by train.
ii) 在“It is/ has been a long time since …”后用过去时。
e.g. It has been 10 years since I graduated from my university.
iii) 在“This is + 最高级形容词 + 名词”后的从句中用现在完成时。
e.g. He is the most interesting person I have ever met.
五、将来完成时
将来完成时由shall (will) have加过去分词构成，主要表示将来某时已经发生的事情。如果句子中有“by + 将来的某一时间”或when, before等时间状语时，可以用将来完成时。
e.g. I) I shall have finished my homework before lunch.
II) By the end of next month, he will have lived here fore three years.
III) When we get there, they will probably have left.
IV) Hurry up, or the train will have left by the time we get to the station.
六、过去完成时
1. 过去完成时的用法
过去完成时主要表示先于过去某一时间的事件或状态，即“过去的过去”。这一事件或状态可以在过去某一时间以前已经完成，也可能从“过去的过去”某一时间一直延续到过去某一时间（甚至还可能延续下去，但与现在时间无关）。
a) 过去完成时常和after, before, by, till, when, until等引入的状语连用。
e.g. I) I began collecting stamps in February and by November I had collected more than 2000.
II) When I woke up it had already stopped raining.
III) She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her homework.
b) 在很多情况下没有明显的时间状语，时间由上下文表示出来。
e.g.I) He went to see his boss and told him what had happened.
II) They returned earlier than we had expected.
c) 过去完成时的几种特殊用法
i) 和before连用，表示“还没……就”。
e.g. I) She cried before I had realized what was happening. 我还没有意识到发生什么事情她就哭了起来。
II) They set out before I had told them the address.
ii) “It/This/That was the first/second/third time that …” 结构中的从句，要求用过去完成时态。
e.g. I) It was the first time they had tried foreign food.
II) It was the first time that he had finished his composition in 30 minutes.
iii) 在“no sooner … than …”和“hardly/scarcely … when …”的结构中，主句中用过去完成时，从句中用一般过去时。
e.g. I) I had hardly closed my eyes when the telephone rang.
II) No sooner had we begun than we were told to stop.
iv) 与expect, hope, intend, mean, plan, suppose, think, want等动词连用时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。
e.g. I) I had planned to visit you, but I just couldn’t find time.
II) He had hoped to help you, but he was ill.
2. 过去完成时和一般过去时的比较：
过去完成时表示过去某一时刻，或某个动作前发生的事，即过去的过去，它着眼于显示过去发生的几个动作的先后。一般过去时只叙述过去某时刻或某时刻后发生的动作，但不强调时间顺序。
e.g. I) When he got home, his wife had already prepared the dinner. (他回家前饭已做好。)
II) When he got home, he saw a letter on his desk. (他回家后看到桌上有一封信。)
七、现在进行时
现在进行时主要用来表示：
1. 现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g. I) They are making preparations for it.
II) He is showing a foreign guest round the city.
2. 一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。但这只限于少数动词，如go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, do, play等。
e.g. I) We are leaving on Friday.
II) I am seeing the doctor today.
3. 有时用来代替一般现在时，表示一个经常性动作或状态，通常是为了表示一种感情（如赞叹、厌烦等）。
e.g. I) He is constantly complaining about his teacher. 他老是抱怨他的老师。
II) How are you feeling today?
III) He is always boasting. 他老爱说大话。
be间或可以用在进行时态，表示一时的表现。
e.g. I) The boy is being difficult. 这男孩正在闹别扭。(可能他平时很听话的。)
II) Frank is being a good boy today. 弗兰克今天很乖。（可能他平时并不乖。）
八、过去进行时
过去进行体和现在进行体的用法相仿，只是时间向过去推移而已。过去进行时表示过去某时或某断时期正在进行的动作。
e.g. I) What were you doing when I called?
II) What were you doing last night at 10 o’clock?
九、将来进行时
将来进行时表示将来某时或某时期正在进行的动作。
e.g. I) I don’t know what my wife will be doing when I return home.
II) When I prepare for the college entrance examination (高考), my sister will be taking her vacation (度假) at the seaside.
十、现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时可以用来表示：
1. 表示现在某时刻之前一直在进行着的动作，这个动作可能已经完成，也可能仍在进行。
e.g. I) How long has it been raining?
II) I have been working on my paper for five years.
2. 有些延续动词如live, study, teach, work等的现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别不大，都表示延续一段时间的动作，现在完成时更强调动作的延续性。
e.g. I) I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.
II) How long have you taught English here? = How long have you been teaching English here?
但是，多数延续性动词的现在完成时与现在完成进行时表达的意义有所不同。
e.g. He has been writing this morning and has written four letters.
十一、过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时的主要用法与现在完成进行时的用法相仿，只是时间推移到了过去。
e.g. I) They had been waiting for half an hour before the bus came.
II) The fire had been burning for over a week.
十二、将来完成进行时
将来完成进行时将来某时刻前一直进行的动作。
e.g. I) By next year he will have been teaching English for 30 years.
II) In an hour you will have been surfing the net (上网) for 5 hours today.
初中主要有八个时态，高中有16个
一般现在时、 现在进行时、 现在完成时、 现在完成进行时、 一般过去时、 过去进行时、 过去完成时、 过去完成进行时、 一般将来时 、将来进行时 、将来完成时、 将来完成进行时、 一般过去将来时、 过去将来进行时 、过去将来完成时、 过去将来完成进行时
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