自然科学里面，有哪些人是站在巨人肩膀上的？也就是总结前人的成果上发现新东西的？越详细越好~ 据记载，人类利用太阳能已有3000多年的历史。 加上问题补充...
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\u4ece\u5168\u56fd\u592a\u9633\u5e74\u8f90\u5c04\u603b\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u3001\u9752\u6d77\u3001\u65b0\u7586\u3001\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u5357\u90e8\u3001\u5c71\u897f\u3001\u9655\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u3001\u6cb3\u5317\u3001\u5c71\u4e1c\u3001\u8fbd\u5b81\u3001\u5409\u6797\u897f\u90e8\u3001\u4e91\u5357\u4e2d\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u3001\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u3001\u6d77\u5357\u5c9b\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u90e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u53f0\u6e7e\u7701\u7684\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u7b49\u5e7f\u5927\u5730\u533a\u7684\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u603b\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u3002
2. \u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u5386\u53f2
\u4eba\u7c7b\u5229\u7528\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5df2\u67093000\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5c06\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u52a0\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u6709300\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u8fd1\u4ee3\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece1615\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u8003\u514b\u65af\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u53d1\u660e\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7b97\u8d77\u3002\u8be5\u53d1\u660e\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u5229\u7528\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u52a0\u70ed\u7a7a\u6c14\u4f7f\u5176\u81a8\u80c0\u4f5c\u529f\u800c\u62bd\u6c34\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u57281615\u5e74\uff5e1900\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u53c8\u7814\u5236\u6210\u591a\u53f0\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u52a8\u529b\u88c5\u7f6e\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u529b\u88c5\u7f6e\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u91c7\u7528\u805a\u5149\u65b9\u5f0f\u91c7\u96c6\u9633\u5149\uff0c\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u529f\u7387 \u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5de5\u8d28\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6c34\u84b8\u6c7d\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u6602\u8d35\uff0c\u5b9e\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7231\u597d\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u5236\u9020\u3002
20\u4e16\u7eaa\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u5927\u4f53\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e03\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5 :
\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5(1900-1920)
\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecd\u662f\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u52a8\u529b\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u805a\u5149\u65b9\u5f0f\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff0c\u4e14\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u7528\u5e73\u677f\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\uff0c\u88c5\u7f6e\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u8f93\u51fa\u529f\u7387\u8fbe73.64kW\uff0c\u5b9e\u7528\u76ee\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u9020\u4ef7\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u5178\u578b\u88c5\u7f6e\u6709\uff1a
1. 1901\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u5efa\u6210\u4e00\u53f0\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u62bd\u6c34\u88c5\u7f6e;
2. 1902 -1908\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u4e94\u5957\u53cc\u5faa\u73af\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5e73\u677f\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u548c\u4f4e\u6cb8\u70b9\u5de5\u8d28\uff1b
3. 1913\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u5f00\u7f57\u4ee5\u5357\u5efa\u6210\u4e00\u53f0\u75315\u4e2a\u629b\u7269\u69fd\u955c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u6c34\u6cf5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u957f62.5m\uff0c\u5bbd4m\uff0c\u603b\u91c7\u5149\u9762\u79ef\u8fbe1250m2\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff081920-1945\uff09
\u5728\u8fd920\u591a\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5904\u4e8e\u4f4e\u6f6e\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u5927\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e\u77ff\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5f00\u53d1\u5229\u7528\u548c\u53d1\u751f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\uff081935-1945\uff09\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u6025\u9700\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u9010\u6e10\u53d7\u5230\u51b7\u843d\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff081945-1965\uff09
\u3000\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u768420\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u8d44\u6e90\u6b63\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u4eba\u4eec\u91cd\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6062\u590d\u548c\u5f00\u5c55\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u6709\uff1a
1955\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6cf0\u4f2f\u7b49\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u56fd\u9645\u592a\u9633\u70ed\u79d1\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6d82\u5c42\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u7814\u5236\u6210\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u9ed1\u954d\u7b49\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6d82\u5c42\uff0c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b
1954\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7814\u5236\u6210\u5b9e\u7528\u578b\u7845\u592a\u9633\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u4e3a\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e94\u7528\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002
\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u6709\uff1a
1952\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u725b\u65af\u5c71\u4e1c\u90e8\u5efa\u6210\u4e00\u5ea7\u529f\u7387\u4e3a50kW\u7684\u592a\u9633\u7089\u3002
1960\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5efa\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5957\u7528\u5e73\u677f\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u4f9b\u70ed\u7684\u6c28-\u6c34\u5438\u6536\u5f0f\u7a7a\u8c03\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5236\u51b7\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a5\u51b7\u5428\u3002
1961\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u53f0\u5e26\u6709\u77f3\u82f1\u7a97\u7684\u65af\u7279\u6797\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u95ee\u4e16\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u91cc\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5982\u592a\u9633\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6d82\u5c42\u548c\u7845\u592a\u9633\u7535\u6c60\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u5e73\u677f\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u6709\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u719f\u3002\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5438\u6536\u5f0f\u7a7a\u8c03\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5efa\u6210\u4e00\u6279\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u592a\u9633\u623f\u3002\u5bf9\u96be\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u65af\u7279\u6797\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u5854\u5f0f\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u70ed\u53d1\u7535\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u521d\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3002
\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5(1965-1973\uff09
\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u6280\u672f\u5904\u4e8e\u6210\u957f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6295\u8d44\u5927\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c4\u80fd\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u516c\u4f17\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5(1973-1980\uff09
\u201c\u80fd\u6e90\u5371\u673a\u201d\uff08\u6709\u7684\u79f0\u201c\u77f3\u6cb9\u5371\u673a\u201d\uff09\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff1a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u7ed3\u6784\u5fc5\u987b\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5e94\u52a0\u901f\u5411\u672a\u6765\u80fd\u6e90\u7ed3\u6784\u8fc7\u6e21\u3002\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u518d\u6b21\u5174\u8d77\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u5229\u7528\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u70ed\u6f6e\u3002
1973\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7ea7\u9633\u5149\u53d1\u7535\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u8d39\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6210\u7acb\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5f00\u53d1\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u3002
\u65e5\u672c\u57281974\u5e74\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u9633\u5149\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u6709\uff1a\u592a\u9633\u623f \u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u592a\u9633\u70ed\u53d1\u7535\u3001\u592a\u9633\u7535\u6c60\u751f\u4ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5206\u6563\u578b\u548c\u5927\u578b\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u3002
\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u65e5\u76ca\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e00\u6279\u8f83\u5927\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5982CPC\u3001\u771f\u7a7a\u96c6\u70ed\u7ba1\u3001\u975e\u6676\u7845\u592a\u9633\u7535\u6c60\u3001 \u5149\u89e3\u6c34\u5236\u6c22\u3001\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u70ed\u53d1\u7535\u7b49\u3002
\u592a\u9633\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u3001\u592a\u9633\u7535\u4ed6\u7b49\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u73b0\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u521d\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u5c1a\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u3002
\u7b2c\u516d\u9636\u6bb5\uff081980-1992\uff09
\u5f00\u53d1\u5229\u7528\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u70ed\u6f6e\uff0c\u8fdb\u516580\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u8fdb\u5165\u4f4e\u8c37\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u7ee7\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u524a\u51cf\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u3002
\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u77f3\u6cb9\u4ef7\u683c\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u56de\u843d\uff0c\u800c\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff1b\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u548c\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u52a8\u6447\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f00\u53d1\u5229\u7528\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff1b\u6838\u7535\u53d1\u5c55\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u5bf9\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6291\u5236\u4f5c\u7528
\u7b2c\u4e03\u9636\u6bb5\uff081992-\u4eca\uff09
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3. \u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f
3.1 \u5149\uff0d\u70ed\u80fd\u8f6c\u6362
\u5149\u70ed\u8f6c\u6362\u662f\u5229\u7528\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u52a0\u70ed\u7269\u4f53\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u70ed\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528\u6709\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u3001\u53cd\u5c04\u5f0f\u592a\u9633\u7076\u3001\u9ad8\u6e29\u592a\u9633\u7089\u3001\u5730\u819c\u3001\u5927\u68da\u3001\u6e29\u5ba4\u7b49\u3002
3.1.1\u96c6\u70ed\u5668
\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u80fd\u6d41\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f4e\uff0c\u5728\u5229\u7528\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u88c5\u7f6e\uff08\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u96c6\u3002\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u662f\u628a\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u80fd\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u70ed\u80fd\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u70ed\u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u6709\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u805a\u5149\u578b\u548c\u975e\u805a\u5149\u578b\u3002
3.1.1.1\u975e\u805a\u5149\u578b\u96c6\u70ed\u5668
\u975e\u805a\u5149\u578b\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u5e38\u89c1\u6709\u5e73\u677f\u548c\u771f\u7a7a\u7ba1\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u3002
\u5e73\u677f\u96c6\u70ed\u5668
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\u771f\u7a7a\u7ba1\u96c6\u70ed\u5668
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\u771f\u7a7a\u7ba1\u5e73\u677f\u96c6\u70ed\u5668
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3.1.1.2\u805a\u5149\u96c6\u70ed\u5668
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3.1.2 \u592a\u9633\u80fd\u70ed\u6c34\u5668
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\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u5e73\u677f\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u3001\u84c4\u70ed\u6c34\u7bb1\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u9053\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6309\u7167\u6d41\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u95f7\u6652\u5f0f\u3001\u76f4\u6d41\u5f0f\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u5f0f\u3002
3.1.3 \u592a\u9633\u80fd\u91c7\u6696
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\u88ab\u52a8\u5f0f\u592a\u9633\u623f\u6784\u9020\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53d6\u6750\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u9020\u4ef7\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u7ef4\u4fee\uff0c\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u7684 \u8212\u9002\u611f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u519c\u6751\u3002
\u4e3b\u52a8\u5f0f\u592a\u9633\u623f\u5229\u7528\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u70ed\u6c34\u91c7\u6696\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u84c4\u70ed\u5668\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5ba4\u5916\uff0c\u5ba4\u5185\u53c8\u662f\u7531\u5730\u677f\u4f9b\u6696\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u5ba4\u5185\u5c45\u4f4f\u9762\u79ef\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u4f18\u70b9\u3002
3.1.4 \u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5e72\u71e5
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1.\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u578b\u5e72\u71e5\u5668
2.\u6e29\u5ba4\u578b\u5e72\u71e5\u5668
3.\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u2014\u6e29\u5ba4\u578b\u5e72\u71e5\u5668
\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c4\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u4e0e\u50a8\u70ed\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u4e0e\u70ed\u6cf5\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u7ec4\u5408\u5f0f\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5e72\u71e5\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002
\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u578b\u5e72\u71e5\u5668\u662f\u5229\u7528\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7a7a\u6c14\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\uff0c\u5148\u628a\u7a7a\u6c14\u52a0\u70ed\u5230\u9884\u5b9a\u6e29\u5ea6\u540e\u518d\u9001\u5165\u5e72\u71e5\u5ba4\uff0c\u5e72\u71e5\u5ba4\u89c6\u5e72\u71e5\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u7bb1\u5f0f\u3001\u7a91\u5f0f\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u5e8a\u5f0f\u6216\u6d41\u52a8\u5e8a\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002
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\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u2014\u6e29\u5ba4\u578b\u5e72\u71e5\u5668\u5219\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u5176\u6e29\u5ba4\u9876\u90e8\u4e3a\u73bb\u7483\u76d6\u677f\uff0c\u5f85\u5e72\u71e5\u7269\u54c1\u653e\u5728\u6e29\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7684\u6599\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u53d7\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u52a0\u70ed\uff0c\u53c8\u4f9d\u9760\u6765\u81ea\u7a7a\u6c14\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u7684\u70ed\u7a7a\u6c14\u52a0\u70ed\u3002
\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5149\u70ed\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\uff1a\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u6d77\u6c34\u6de1\u5316\u3001\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5236\u51b7\u548c\u7a7a\u8c03\u3001\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u70ed\u52a8\u529b\u53d1\u7535\u3001\u592a\u9633\u5751\u53d1\u7535\u6280\u672f\u3001\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u70ed\u63a8\u8fdb\u7b49\u3002
3.2 \u5149\uff0d\u7535\u8f6c\u6362
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3.2.1 \u592a\u9633\u7a7a\u95f4\u7535\u7ad9
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3.2.2 \u592a\u9633\u80fd\u53d1\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf
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1.\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c9\u8bbe\u7535\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6316\u5f00\u9a6c\u8def\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\uff1b
2.\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u53ef\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4e0d\u95f4\u65ad\u4f9b\u7535\uff08\u84c4\u7535\u6c60\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a5\u5e74\u9700\u66f4\u6362\uff09\uff1b
3.\u514d\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u6c61\u67d3\u3002
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3.3 \u5149\uff0d\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316
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\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5236\u6c22\u3002\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a
1\uff09\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7535\u89e3\u6c34\u5236\u6c22\u3002\u7535\u89e3\u6c34\u5236\u6c22\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5e94\u7528\u8f83\u5e7f\u4e14\u6bd4\u8f83\u6210\u719f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0875\uff05-85\uff05\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8017\u7535\u5927\uff0c\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u7535\u5236\u6c22\uff0c\u4ece\u80fd\u91cf\u5229\u7528\u800c\u8a00\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u53d1\u7535\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7535\u89e3\u6c34\u5236\u6c22\u3002
2\uff09\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\u6c34\u5236\u6c22 \u3002\u5c06\u6c34\u6216\u6c34\u84b8\u6c7d\u52a0\u70ed\u52303000K\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6c22\u548c\u6c27\u4fbf\u80fd\u5206\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5236\u6c22\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u500d\u805a\u5149\u5668\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5236\u6c22\u3002
3\uff09\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u5236\u6c22\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\u6c34\u5236\u6c22\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u9ad8\u6e29\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u5236\u6c22\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u6216\u51e0\u79cd\u4e2d\u95f4\u7269\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u52a0\u70ed\u5230\u8f83\u4f4e\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u6c34\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u6c22\u548c\u6c27\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7269\u4e0d\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u53ef\u5faa\u73af\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u5faa\u73af\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u5927\u81f4\u4e3a900-1200K\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u666e\u901a\u65cb\u8f6c\u629b\u7269\u9762\u955c\u805a\u5149\u5668\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u89e3\u6c34\u7684\u6548\u7387\u572817\uff0e5\uff05-75\uff0e5\uff05\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e2d\u95f4\u7269\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u630999\uff0e9\uff05-99\uff0e 99\uff05\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u8981\u4f5c0.1\uff05-0.01\uff05\u7684\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u6c22\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u9020\u6210\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u3002
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3.4 \u592a\u9633\u80fd-\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u80fd\u8f6c\u6362
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3.5 \u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u6c61\u67d3
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\u4e00\u3001\u9ad8\u6c61\u67d3
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1\u3001\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1http://baike.baidu.com/view/21294.htm
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牛顿与莱布尼茨是在古希腊阿基米德，以及笛卡尔的解析几何和费尔马和帕斯卡等人的有关微积学的总结和概括出来的。
麦克斯韦的电磁学理论是在法拉弟的电磁实验的基础，进行了数字的处理和总结的成果。
那么我们伟大的爱因斯坦的相对论则是在测量以态的不存在的实验，以及光速不变定理的基础，通过他人的理想实验构造起来的。
量子力学的发展过程，更证明未来科学的发展是一种层次和阶段性的成果。量子力学的开端是普朗克在正处理一些经典物理无法处理能量的问题上提出：量子力学的能量是一份一份的传输，而不是经典力学所坚持的能量是连续的。在发展过程中，玻尔更率先用量子力学的方法研究了微观结构的能量研究，从而引发了量子力学发展的新阶段：海森堡的测不准定理和薛定谔的波动力学的建立。从而更直接了证明：德布罗拉的物质波是波粒二性的。
因为他的成就的取得是基于以前人的研究才发现的。因此他说自己是站在巨人的肩膀上 牛顿是在讽刺虎克事情还得从牛顿寄给英国皇家科学院的一篇论文"Theor
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