UNIX服务器的介绍
\u600e\u6837\u5b89\u88c5\u914d\u7f6eunix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf,\u600e\u4e48\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668?\u6c42unix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u53bb\u770b\u770b http://book.chinaunix.net/showbook.php?id=100457
UNIX \uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7531Ken Thompson\u3001Dennis Ritchie\u548cDouglas McIlroy\u4e8e1969\u5e74\u5728AT&T\u7684\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6210\u957f\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6280\u672f\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5927\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002\u7531\u4e8eUNIX\u5177\u6709\u6280\u672f\u6210\u719f\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u9ad8\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u3001\u4f38\u7f29\u6027\u7a81\u51fa\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u597d\u7b49\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u53ef\u6ee1\u8db3\u5404\u884c\u5404\u4e1a\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4f01\u4e1a\u91cd\u8981\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e73\u53f0\u3002
\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9996\u9009\uff0c\u5360\u636e\u6700\u5927\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u8ddfWINDOWS SERVER\u4ee5\u53caLinux\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u5931\u5229\u3002
\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1a
Ken\u548cDennis\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u5728\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5f00\u53d1Unix\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u768410\u5e74\uff0cUnix\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\u548c\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684UNIX\u62e5\u6709\u8005AT&T\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u4f4e\u5ec9\u751a\u81f3\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u5c06Unix\u6e90\u7801\u6388\u6743\u7ed9\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u6559\u5b66\u4e4b\u7528\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u673a\u6784\u5728\u6b64\u6e90\u7801\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0\u4ee5\u6269\u5145\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u7684Unix\u201c\u53d8\u79cd (Variations)\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u79cd\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4e5f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86Unix\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u53d8\u79cd\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u7531\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66Berkeley\u5206\u6821\u5f00\u53d1\u7684BSD\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002
\u540e\u6765AT&T\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86Unix\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5c06Unix\u6e90\u7801\u6388\u6743\u7ed9\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e4b\u524d\u7684Unix\u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u79cd\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u7248\u6743\u6743\u5229\u3002\u53d8\u79cdBSD Unix\u5728Unix\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u88ab\u5f88\u591a\u5546\u4e1a\u5382\u5bb6\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u5546\u7528Unix\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002BSD\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3b\u7248\u672c\u52a0\u6b21\u7248\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u5982 4.2BSD\uff0c4.3BSD\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u7248\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709\u6d3e\u751f\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u59824.3BSD-Net/1\uff0c4.3BSD-Net/2\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86AT&T\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u65f7\u65e5\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u5b98\u53f8\u4e00\u76f4\u6253\u5230 AT&T\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5356\u6389\uff0c\u65b0\u63a5\u624b\u7684Novell\u516c\u53f8\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f00\u660e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5e03\u81ea\u5df1\u7684BSD\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u4e8eAT&T\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b8c\u5168\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8bde\u751f\u4e864.4 BSD Lite\u7248\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c4.4BSD Lite\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3BSD\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u975e\u5546\u4e1a\u7248\u7684UNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u53c8\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728BSD\u7248\u672c\u4e0a\uff08Linux\u9664\u5916\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c4.4 BSD\u53c8\u662f\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u7248(Free\u7248\uff09Unix\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u548cUnix V\u53caLinux\u7b49\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210Unix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd9\u7247\u7480\u74a8\u7684\u661f\u7a7a\u3002
BSD\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u884d\u751f\u51fa3\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff1aFreeBSD\uff0cOpenBSD\u548cNetBSD\u3002
\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0cUnix\u4ecd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u7248\u6743\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u6388\u6743\u8005\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u3002Unix\u7684\u7248\u6743\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e3aAT&T\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u4e4b\u540eNovell\u62e5\u6709\u4e86Unix\uff0c\u518d\u4e4b\u540eNovell\u53c8\u5c06\u7248\u6743\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u4e86SCO\uff08\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53cc\u65b9\u5c1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\uff09\u3002\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86Unix\u7684\u6388\u6743\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Unix\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982IBM\u7684AIX\uff0cHP\u7684HPUX\uff0cSUN\u7684Solaris\u548cSGI\u7684IRIX\u3002
Unix\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u9ad8\u6548\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9886\u57df\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u76f4\u5230GNU/Linux\u6d41\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\uff0cUnix\u4e5f\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u5927\u578b\u673a\u3001\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7b49\u6240\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002
\u5386\u53f2
\u521d\u521b\u671f
Unix\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u548cMultics\uff08Multiplexed Information and Computing System\uff09\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6e0a\u6e90\u7684\u3002Multics\u662f\u7531\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\uff0cAT&T\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u548c\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u5408\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fd0\u884c\u5728GE-645\u5927\u578b\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u7cc5\u5408\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0cMultics\u867d\u7136\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u90fd\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u800c\u544a\u7ec8\u3002
AT&T\u6700\u7ec8\u64a4\u51fa\u4e86\u6295\u5165Multics\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0cKen Thompson\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e3aGE-645\u5f00\u53d1\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u592a\u7a7a\u65c5\u884c\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u6e38\u620f\u901f\u5ea6\u5f88\u6162\u800c\u4e14\u8017\u8d39\u6602\u8d35\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d3975\u7f8e\u5143\u3002
\u5728Dennis Ritchie\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0cThompson\u7528PDP-7\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u91cd\u5199\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u5728DEC PDP-7\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u7ecf\u5386\u52a0\u4e0aMultics\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7fThompson\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aDEC PDP-7\u4e0a\u7684\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9879\u76ee\u3002Thompson\u548cRitchie\u9886\u5bfc\u4e00\u7ec4\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u62ec\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aUNICS\uff08Uniplexed Information and Computing System\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u540c\u65f6\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u540e\u6765\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u88ab\u6539\u4e3aUNIX\u3002
\u53d1\u5c55\u671f
\u6700\u521d\u7684Unix\u662f\u7528\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u7531\u53eb\u505aB\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u6df7\u5408\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u3002B\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\u4e0d\u591f\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5Thompson\u548cRitchie\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e1971\u5e74\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86C\u8bed\u8a00\u30021973 \u5e74Thompson\u548cRitchie\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u91cd\u5199\u4e86Unix\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5Thompson\u548c Ritchie\u6b64\u4e3e\u662f\u6781\u5177\u5927\u80c6\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u9769\u547d\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u7684Unix\u4ee3\u7801\u7b80\u6d01\u7d27\u51d1\u3001\u6613\u79fb\u690d\u3001\u6613\u8bfb\u3001\u6613\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u540eUnix\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002
1974\u5e74\uff0cThompson\u548cRitchie\u5408\u4f5c\u5728ACM\u901a\u4fe1\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7247\u5173\u4e8eUNIX\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662fUNIX\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4ee5\u5916\u3002\u6b64\u540eUNIX\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u6d41\u884c\u5f00\u6765\u3002
1975\u5e74\uff0cUNIX\u53d1\u5e03\u4e864\u30015\u30016\u4e09\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u30021978\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5927\u7ea6600\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u8fd0\u884cUNIX\u30021979\u5e74\uff0c\u7248\u672c7\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u578bUNIX\u7248\u672c\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u76f8\u7ee7\u53d1\u5e03\u76848\u30019\u300110\u7248\u672c\u53ea\u6388\u6743\u7ed9\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86Plan 9\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
1982\u5e74\uff0cAT&T\u57fa\u4e8e\u7248\u672c7\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86UNIX System \u2162\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5546\u4e1a\u7248\u672c\u4ec5\u4f9b\u51fa\u552e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6df7\u4e71\u7684UNIX\u7248\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0cAT&T\u7efc\u5408\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5404\u79cdUNIX\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86UNIX System V Release 1\u3002
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684UNIX\u5546\u4e1a\u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u518d\u5305\u542b\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66Berkeley\u5206\u6821\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f00\u53d1BSD UNIX\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3aUNIX System III\u548cV\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u9009\u62e9\u3002BSD\u5bf9UNIX\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e4b\u4e00\u662fTCP/IP\u3002BSD \u67098\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86TCP/IP\uff1a4.1c\u30014.2\u30014.3\u30014.3-Tahoe\u30014.3-Reno\u3001Net2\u30014.4\u4ee5\u53ca 4.4-lite\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u4e2d\u7684TCP/IP\u4ee3\u7801\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2dTCP/IP\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u524d\u8f88\uff0c\u5305\u62ecAT&T System V UNIX \u548cMicrosoft Windows\u3002
\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3a\u5176\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u673a\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u4e1a\u7248\u672c\u7684UNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u9009\u62e9System V\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u9009\u62e9\u4e86BSD\u3002BSD\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u4e3b\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0cBill Joy\uff0c\u5728BSD\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86SunOS\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u521b\u529e\u4e86Sun Microsystems\u3002
1991\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4BSD\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff08Donn Seeley\u3001Mike Karels\u3001Bill Jolitz \u548c Trent Hein\uff09\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u521b\u529e\u4e86Berkeley Software Design, Inc (BSDI)\u3002BSDI\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5728\u4fbf\u5b9c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Intel\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u5546\u4e1aBSD UNIX\u7684\u5382\u5546\u3002\u540e\u6765Bill Jolitz \u79bb\u5f00\u4e86BSDI\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86386BSD\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002386BSD\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fFreeBSD\u3001OpenBSD \u548c NetBSD\u7684\u5148\u8f88\u3002
AT&T\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e3aUNIX System V\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u9501\u5b9a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6d41\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u30021987\u52301989\u5e74\uff0cAT&T\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06Xenix\uff08\u5fae\u8f6f\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2ax86-pc\u4e0a\u7684UNIX\u7248\u672c\uff09\uff0cBSD\uff0cSunOS\u548cSystem V\u878d\u5408\u4e3aSystem V Release 4\uff08SVR4\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u5c06\u591a\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u878d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5c40\u9762\u3002
1993\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5546\u4e1aUNIX\u53d1\u884c\u5546\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8eSVR4\u5f00\u53d1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684UNIX\u53d8\u4f53\u4e86\u3002
\u73b0\u51b5
UNIX System V Release 4\u53d1\u5e03\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0cAT&T\u5c31\u5c06\u5176\u6240\u6709UNIX\u6743\u5229\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u4e86Novell\u3002Novell\u671f\u671b\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\u5fae\u8f6f\u7684Windows NT\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u5e02\u573a\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8Novell\u5c06SVR4\u7684\u6743\u5229\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u4e86X/OPEN Consortium\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49UNIX\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u6700\u540eX/OPEN\u548cOSF/1\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86Open Group\u3002Open Group\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662fUNIX\u3002
\u5b9e\u9645\u7684UNIX\u4ee3\u7801\u5219\u8f97\u8f6c\u5230\u4e86Santa Cruz Operation\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u540e\u6765\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u4e86Caldera Systems\u3002Caldera\u539f\u6765\u4e5f\u51fa\u552eLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u516c\u53f8\u53c8\u88ab\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3aSCO Group\u3002
1127\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u89e3\u6563
\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u9879\u62a5\u5bfc\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u8d1f\u8d23\u7814\u53d1UNIX\u4e0e\u540e\u7eed\u7ef4\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba41127\u90e8\u95e8\u5df2\u4e8e2005\u5e748\u6708\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u544a\u89e3\u6563\u3002Ken Thompson\u5df2\u9000\u4f11\uff0c\u73b0\u5c45\u52a0\u5dde\uff1bDennis Ritchie\u8c03\u5230\u522b\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\uff1bDouglas McIlroy\u5728\u8fbe\u7279\u8305\u65af\u5b66\u9662\u62c5\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u6807\u51c6
\u4ece1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cPOSIX\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6807\u51c6\u5c31\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u4e2d\uff0cIEEE\u5236\u5b9a\u7684POSIX\u6807\u51c6\u73b0\u5728\u662fUNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u90e8\u5206\u3002
\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7c7bUnix\u7cfb\u7edf
Richard Stallman\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86GNU\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u7c7bUNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u300220\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u58ee\u5927\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0cGNU\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Emacs\uff0cGCC\u7b49\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u7c7bUNIX\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89d2\u8272\u3002
1990\u5e74\uff0cLinus Torvalds\u51b3\u5b9a\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Minix\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u521d\u540d\u4e3aLinus' Minix\uff0c\u610f\u4e3aLinus\u7684Minix\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6539\u540d\u4e3aLinux\uff0c\u6b64\u5185\u6838\u4e8e1991\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5f53GNU\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0eLinux\u5185\u6838\u7ed3\u5408\u540e\uff0cGNU\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2aPOSIX\u517c\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfGNU/Linux\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4eca\u5929GNU/Linux\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u4e3a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u81ea\u7531/\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u7801\u7684\u7c7bUnix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
1994\u5e74\uff0cBSD Unix\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u590d\u5174\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002BSD\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4e5f\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86FreeBSD\u3001OpenBSD\u548cNetBSD\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002
\u7c7bUnix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf
A/UX | AIX | BSD | DragonFly BSD | FreeBSD | GNU | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux | LynxOS | Mac OS X | Minix | NetBSD | NEXTSTEP | OpenBSD | QNX | SCO OpenServer | Solaris | System V | Tru64 | Xenix | \u66f4\u591a... |
一般来说，Unix服务器硬件，系统具有高度可靠性、开放性，支持主流网络协议包括TCP/IP、SNMP、NFS等在内的多种网络协议。UNIX服务器具有区别X86服务器和大型主机的特有体系结构，当前主要的Unix服务器厂商有IBM公司的Power处理器和AIX操作系统，Oracle（收购Sun）、Fujitsu（富士通）公司的SPARC处理器和Solaris操作系统，HP的PA-RISC处理器（现在转向于安腾处理器）和HP-UX操作系统。
绛旓細浜屻佸己澶х殑鏁版嵁澶勭悊鑳藉姏 鍥犱负Unix绯荤粺鍏跺叿鏈夎壇濂界殑绋冲畾鎬у拰寮哄ぇ鐨勬暟鎹鐞嗚兘鍔涳紝鐜板湪涓鑸敤鍦鏈嶅姟鍣涓婏紝鏈夊緢澶氱増鏈殑锛孭C涓婄敤鐨勬湁SCO OpenServer鍜孶nixware锛孖BM鍏徃鐨勫彨AIX锛孒P鍏徃鐨勫彨HP-UX锛孲UN鍏徃鐨勫彨Solaris銆備笁銆佸湪澶氬鐞嗗櫒鏋舵瀯涓嬭繍琛 Unix绯荤粺鍙湪闈炲父澶氱殑澶勭悊鍣ㄦ灦鏋勪笅杩愯锛屽湪鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ郴缁熶笂鏈...
绛旓細Sun鍦Unix鏈嶅姟鍣甯傚満涓鐩村浜庨鍏堝湴浣嶏紝鍦ㄦ湇鍔″櫒鏂归潰Sun涓鐩磋涓轰笉鍚岀殑宸ヤ綔璐熸媴闇瑕佷笉鍚岀殑澶勭悊鍣ㄥ拰鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ灦鏋勶紝宸ヤ綔璐熸媴涓鑸寚鐨勬槸澶氱嚎绋嬭兘鍔涘拰鏁版嵁澶勭悊鑳藉姏锛屾墍浠un璁や负涓绉嶅畬鍏ㄦ弧瓒宠姹傜殑鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ槸涓嶅瓨鍦ㄧ殑銆備篃鍥犱负杩欐牱锛屾墍浠un鎺ㄥ嚭Opteron鐨勫悓鏃惰鎺ㄥ箍UltraSparc-III鍜孶ltraSparc-IV锛屽苟涓旇鑷繁寮鍙慛iagara鍜...
绛旓細涔嬪悗灏辨湁鍏徃鎴栧洟闃熷紑鍙戯紝灏辨湁浜嗙幇鍦ㄧ殑ubuntu銆丼use銆乨eban銆乺ed hat绛夊彂琛岀増銆unix鐨浠锋牸涔熸槸寰堥珮鐨勶紝鑰宭inux鏈嶅姟鍣鐗堬紝濂藉寰堟槑鏄撅紝寮婧愪环寤夛紝铏界劧linux鍏嶈垂锛屼絾浣滀负鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ緢澶氬叾浠栧姛鑳借繕鏄敹璐圭殑锛屽苟涓嶆槸瀹屽叏鍏嶈垂銆傝屽浜庝釜浜虹敤鎴凤紝linux缁濆鏄病寰楅夛紝鐜板湪鍚勭鍙戣鐗堟湁妗岄潰鐗堬紝浣跨敤寰堟柟渚裤傝屼笖鐢变簬linux...
绛旓細鎽樿锛氭湇鍔″櫒鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鏄畨瑁呭湪澶у瀷璁＄畻鏈轰笂鐨勬搷浣滅郴缁燂紝鏄紒涓欼T绯荤粺鐨勫熀纭鏋舵瀯骞冲彴锛屽彲鍒嗕负Windows鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ搷浣滅郴缁熴丩inux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ搷浣滅郴缁熴Unix鏈嶅姟鍣鎿嶄綔绯荤粺銆丯etWare鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ搷浣滅郴缁熻繖鍥涘ぇ绫汇備紒涓氬湪鎸戦夋湇鍔″櫒鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鏃讹紝鍙氳繃鐪嬪畨鍏ㄦс佺湅绋冲畾鎬с佺湅纭欢鏀寔銆佺湅鐢ㄩ旂瓑鏂规硶杩涜閫夋嫨锛屾帴涓嬫潵灏卞拰灏忕紪涓璧锋潵...
绛旓細浠涔堟槸Unix?鏄1969骞村湪 AT&T 鍏徃鍦ㄧ編鍥芥柊娉借タ鎵寮鍙戠殑锛屽緢澶氭搷浣滅郴缁熼兘鍙楀埌浜Unix鐨鍚彂锛孶nix 涔熷彈鍒颁簡鏈畬鎴愮殑 Multics 绯荤粺鐨勫惎鍙戙俇nix 鐨勫彟涓鐗堟湰鏄潵鑷礉灏斿疄楠屽鐨 Plan 9銆備綔涓轰竴涓搷浣滅郴缁燂紝Unix涓昏搴旂敤鍦鏈嶅姟鍣銆佸伐浣滅珯涓紝涔熸湁鍙兘鐢ㄥ湪涓汉璁＄畻鏈轰笂銆傚湪浜掕仈缃戙佽绠楁満缃戠粶銆佸鎴风銆佹湇鍔″櫒...
绛旓細3銆丯etWare鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ搷浣滅郴缁熷湪涓浜涚壒瀹氳涓氬拰浜嬩笟鍗曚綅涓紝NetWare鐨勬壒澶勭悊鍔熻兘鍜屽畨鍏ㄣ佺ǔ瀹氱殑绯荤粺鎬ц兘涔熸湁寰堝ぇ鐨勭敓瀛樼┖闂淬侼etWare鐩墠甯哥敤鐨勭増鏈富瑕佹湁Novell鐨3.11銆3.12銆4.10銆5.0绛変腑鑻辨枃鐗堛4銆Unix鏈嶅姟鍣鎿嶄綔绯荤粺Unix鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ搷浣滅郴缁熺敱ATT鍏徃鍜孲CO鍏徃鍏卞悓鎺ㄥ嚭锛屼富瑕佹敮鎸佸ぇ鍨嬬殑鏂囦欢绯荤粺鏈嶅姟銆佹暟鎹湇鍔...
绛旓細鍙戝睍鍑轰粖澶╃殑FreeBSD锛夈傝繖鍦哄畼鍙告渶鍚庡涵澶栧拰瑙ｏ紝涔嬪悗AT&T闈复鍙嶅瀯鏂帶鍛婏紝鎵嶆妸UNIX閮ㄥ垎鍗栫粰浜哠CO锛孨OVELL鎶婃簮鐮佸拰浠栦滑鐨剈nixware浜у搧涓璧峰崠缁欎簡SCO锛岃屾渶杩慡CO鍙堟妸浠栦滑鐨UNIX鏈嶅姟鍣閮ㄥ垎鍗栫粰浜哃inux鍘傚晢Caldera...UNIX鐨勪袱涓彂鏄庤呯敱浜庝粬浠殑鏉板嚭璐＄尞鍦80骞翠唬 鑾峰緱IT鐣岀殑璇鸿礉灏斿鈥斺擳uring濂 ...
绛旓細UNIX涓嶄絾鍙互鍦ㄥぇ涓瀷璁＄畻鏈恒佸皬鍨嬭绠楁満銆佸伐浣滅珯锛堝SUN,IBM,HP锛変笂浣跨敤锛岃屼笖杩戜簺骞存潵涔熷湪寰瀷璁＄畻鏈轰笂寰楀埌骞挎硾搴旂敤锛堝SCO, FreeBSD, Linux锛夈傜壒鍒槸闅忕潃Internet鎶鏈簲鐢ㄧ殑鍏ㄧ悆鍖栧簲鐢紝涔熷皢杩涗竴姝ユ帹鍔║NIX鐨勬櫘鍙婂拰鍙戝睍銆傝秼鍔垮拰鍓嶆櫙 缁忚繃涓夊崄骞寸殑瀹炶返妫楠岋紝UNIX鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑绋冲畾鎬т笌瀹夊叏鎬у凡缁忓緱鍒拌涓氱敤鎴蜂竴鑷...
绛旓細鍩烘湰閮界敤Unix銆俇nix甯稿父鍙互杩愯鏁皕hi骞磋屼笉鐢ㄩ噸璧凤紝瀹夊叏鎬у拰绋冲畾鎬ч潪甯搁珮銆傛瘮杈冭捣鏉ワ紝windows鐨勬紡娲炲緢澶氾紝绋冲畾鎬х浉褰撳樊銆UNIX鐨涓昏鐗硅壊鏄粨鏋勭畝鐐笺佷究浜庣Щ妞嶅拰鍔熻兘鐩稿寮哄ぇ锛屼竴鐩村埌鐜板湪閮芥槸鏀垮簻銆侀噾铻嶃佺鐮旂瓑鍏抽敭閮ㄩ棬鎵浣跨敤鐨勪富瑕佹搷浣滅郴缁熴 浜掕仈缃戜笂鐨勫悇绉鏈嶅姟鍣锛屽ぇ澶氫篃鏄敤unix绯荤粺銆
绛旓細杩欏氨璺熲滀綘鏄敺鐨勶紝鎴戞槸涓浗鐨勨濈殑宸埆涓鏍枫傛湇鍔″櫒鍙互鏃㈡槸x86鍙堟槸UNIX锛屼篃鍙互鏃笉鏄痻86鍙堜笉鏄疷NIX銆倄86鍜孶NIX骞朵笉鏄绔嬬殑涓や釜鏂归潰锛屾瘮杈冧笉璧锋潵鐨勩俋86鎸鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑纭欢鏋舵瀯锛圕PU锛夛紝UNIX鎸囨湇鍔″櫒鐨勮蒋浠舵灦鏋勶紙OS锛夈傜‖浠舵灦鏋勬柟闈紝X86涓鑸唬琛ㄤ綆绔細灏忓瀷鏈轰互涓婏紙涓嶅惈锛夊緢灏戜細鐢╔86澶勭悊鍣紝SPARC銆...
