已知25℃、101kPa下，如图所示，石墨的燃烧热为393.51kJ/mol，金刚石的燃烧热为395.41kJ/mol．下列说法或
c(\u77f3\u58a8\uff09+O2(g)=CO2(g) h=-393.51kj/mol c(\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\uff09+O2(g)=CO2(g) h=-395.41kj/mol\u4e24\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u76f8\u51cf\uff1a
c(\u77f3\u58a8\uff09-c(\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\uff09+O2(g)-O2(g)=CO2(g)-CO2(g)+h1(-393.51kj/mol) -h2(-395.41kj/mol)
\u6574\u7406\uff1a
c(\u77f3\u58a8\uff09-c(\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\uff09=h1(-393.51kj/mol) -h2(-395.41kj/mol)
\u5c06c(\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\uff09\u79fb\u81f3\u7b49\u5f0f\u53f3\u8fb9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97h1-h2=1.9kj/mol\uff1a
c(\u77f3\u58a8\uff09=c(\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\uff09 h=1.9kj/mol
\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3a\u5438\u70ed\u3002
\u53c8\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u548c\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u662f\u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u5f62\u4f53\uff0c\u5355\u4f4dmol\u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u5355\u4f4dmol\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u6bd4\u77f3\u58a8\u591a\u542b1.9kj\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u6545\uff0c\u7b49\u8d28\u91cf\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u80fd\u91cf\u9ad8\u3002
\u7531\u77f3\u58a8\u3001\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u2460C\uff08\u77f3\u58a8\uff09+O2\uff08g\uff09=CO2\uff08g\uff09\uff1b\u25b3H=-393.51kJ?mol-1\u2461C\uff08\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\uff09+O2\uff08g\uff09=CO2\uff08g\uff09\uff1b\u25b3H=-395.41kJ?mol-1\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u76d6\u65af\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5c06\u2460-\u2461\u53ef\u5f97\uff1aC\uff08\u77f3\u58a8\uff09=C\uff08\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\uff09\uff1b\u25b3H=+1.9kJ?mol-1\uff0c\u5219\uff1aA\u3001\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u78b3\u5355\u8d28\u5747\u6613\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u6545A\u9519\u8bef\uff1bB\u3001\u77f3\u58a8\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u5438\u70ed\uff0c\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\u4e8e\u77f3\u58a8\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u80fd\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\u8d8a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u77f3\u58a8\u6bd4\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u7b49\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u6bd4\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u80fd\u91cf\u4f4e\uff0c\u6545B\u9519\u8bef\uff1bC\u3001\u4f9d\u636e\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5206\u6790\uff0c1mol\u77f3\u58a8\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5438\u65361.9KJ\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u6545C\u6b63\u786e\uff1bD\u3001\u77f3\u58a8\u548c\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u6545D\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u6545\u9009C\uff0e
| 由图象可知石墨、金刚石燃烧的热化学方程式分别为：C（石墨）+O 2 （g）=CO 2 （g）；△H=-393.51kJ．mol -1 ；C（金刚石）+O 2 （g）=CO 2 （g）；△H=-395.41kJ．mol -1 ，二者相减可得C（s、石墨）=C（s、金刚石）△H=+1.9 kJ/mol， A．金刚石燃烧放出能量较多，则说明金刚石总能量较大，石墨比金刚石稳定，故A错误； B．由以上分析可知C（s、石墨）=C（s、金刚石）△H=+1.9 kJ/mol，故B正确； C．应反应放热，则△H＜0，金刚石放出的热量多，则有△H 1 ＞△H 2 ，故C错误； D．催化剂不改变反应热的大小，故D错误． 故选B． |
绛旓細A
绛旓細閽犵殑鐕冪儳鐑负锛511kJ/mol2锛屾晠C閿欒锛汥锛庣儹鍖栧鏂圭▼寮25鈩銆101kPa涓锛氣憼2Na锛坰锛+12O2锛坓锛夆晲Na2O锛坰锛夆柍H=-414kJ/mol锛屸憽2Na锛坰锛+O2锛坓锛夆晲Na2O2锛坰锛夆柍H=-511kJ/mol锛屸憼脳2-鈶″彲寰楋細Na2O2锛坰锛+2Na锛坰锛夆晲2Na2O锛坰锛夆柍H=-317kJ/mol锛屾晠D姝ｇ‘锛涙晠閫夛細D锛
绛旓細瑙ｏ細锛1锛夎CH4鍜孒2鐨勪綋绉垎鍒负X銆乊 CH4 + 2O2 =鐐圭噧= CO2 + 2H2O 鈻砎鍑忓皯浣撶Н 1 2 1 2 X 2X X 2X 2H2 + O2 =鐐圭噧= 2H2O 鈻砎鍑忓皯浣撶Н 2 1
绛旓細B 鐢遍鎰忓彲寰1molC 8 H 18 鐕冪儳鐢熸垚浜屾哀鍖栫⒊鍜屾恫鎬佹按鏃舵斁鍑5 518 kJ鐑噺锛屾晠绛旀涓築
绛旓細鍙互鎶=鐞嗚В涓虹瓑鍙凤紝鈶-鈶″彲浠ユ寜绛夊彿宸﹁竟鐨勭墿璐ㄧ浉鍑忕瓑浜庣瓑鍙峰彸杈圭殑鐗╄川鐩稿噺(绫讳技浜 浜屽厓涓娆℃柟绋 鐨勮绠)C(鐭冲ⅷ )+O2(g)-[C(閲戝垰鐭)+O2(g)]=CO2(g)-CO2(g)灏嗚礋鐨勭Щ鍒板彟涓杈 C(鐭冲ⅷ)=C(閲戝垰鐭)鈻矵鐨勮绠楀氨鏄憼鐨勨柍H-鈶＄殑鈻矵 鈻矵=-393.51-(-395.41)=1.9kJ/mol 鎴戞槸杩欎箞绠楃殑...
绛旓細1m³鐢茬兎鏍囧喌涓嬩负1000/22.4mol锛宸茬煡鍦25掳C銆101KPa涓,1molCH4鍏呭垎鐕冪儳(C杞寲涓篊02姘斾綋,H杞寲涓烘恫鎬佹按)鏀惧嚭鐨勭儹閲忎负89OkJ锛屾墍浠ユ斁鍑虹殑鎬昏兘閲忎负890*1000/22.4kJ=9732.1kJ
绛旓細(1)5 5 (2) (3)10<a<20 (1)璁炬贩鍚堟皵涓瑿O涓簒 L銆 2CO+O 2 2CO 2 鍑忓皯1X 2H 2 +O 2 2H 2 O(l) 鍑忓皯3(10-x) (10-x)鍥犱负 + (10-x)=(10+15)-15锛岃В寰梮="5L " 10-x="5" L(2)鍚岀悊涓嬪垪鏂圭▼寮忥細 + (10-x)=(10+15)-...
绛旓細锛1锛夊湪25鈩銆101kPa涓嬶紝1g涔欑兎鐕冪儳鐢熸垚CO2鍜屾恫鎬佹按鏃舵斁鐑璔kJ锛1mol涔欑兎锛堣川閲忎负30g锛夌噧鐑х敓鎴愪簩姘у寲纰冲拰娑叉佹按鏀剧儹30QKJ鐑噺锛屽垯琛ㄧず涔欑兎鐕冪儳鐑殑鐑寲瀛︽柟绋嬪紡涓篊₂H₆锛坓锛+7/2O₂锛坓锛夆晲2CO₂锛坓锛+3H₂O锛坙锛夆柍H=-30QkJ/mol锛屾晠绛旀涓猴細C₂H&#...
绛旓細閫塂锛孉鏃犳硶纭畾閽犵殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺锛汢鈻矵=-97kj/mol;C閽炬斁鐑瘮閽犲锛屾墍浠モ柍H3<H1;D1寮*2锛屽皢2寮忓弽鍚戝啀灏嗕袱鑰呯浉鍔犲垯鈻矵=-317KJ/mol姝ｇ‘
绛旓細(1) 2 CO+O2=2CO2 2 H2 +O2=2H2O 涓や釜鍙嶅簲鐗╁拰姘ф皵鐨勬瘮渚嬪潎鏄2:1 鍒欏彲鎺ㄥ鍑轰簩姘у寲纰冲拰姘㈡皵瀹屽叏鍙嶅簲锛屾哀姘旀秷鑰5L.杩樺墿涓10L(杩欐槸涓嶅彉鐨)CO鍙嶅簲姘斾綋浣撶Н涓嶅彂鐢熷彉鍖 闄や簡O2澶栧墿浣欑殑姘斾綋涓篊O2锛孷(CO2)=V(CO)=15L --10L=5L V(H2)=10L--5L=5L V(CO2)=V(CO)=a -10 L V(...
