八国联军侵华四器时期,清朝的皇帝是谁如题 谢谢了
\u6e05\u671d\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u53eb\u4ec0\u4e48\u540d\u5b57\uff1f\u5982\u9898 \u8c22\u8c22\u4e86\u592a\u7956 \u627f\u5929\u5e7f\u8fd0\u5723\u5fb7\u795e\u529f\u8087\u7eaa\u7acb\u6781\u4ec1\u5b5d\u777f\u6b66\u7aef\u6bc5\u94a6\u5b89\u5f18\u6587\u5b9a\u4e1a\u9ad8\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u52aa\u5c14\u54c8\u8d64 1616\u5e74-1626\u5e74 \u5929\u547d 1616\u5e74\u20141626\u5e74 \u798f\u9675 \u592a\u5b97 \u5e94\u5929\u5174\u56fd\u5f18\u5fb7\u5f70\u6b66\u5bbd\u6e29\u4ec1\u5723\u777f\u5b5d\u656c\u654f\u662d\u5b9a\u9686\u9053\u663e\u529f\u6587\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u7687\u592a\u6781 1627\u5e74-1643\u5e74 \u5929\u806a 1627\u5e74\u20141636\u5e74 \u5d07\u5fb71636\u5e74-1643\u5e74 \u662d\u9675 \u4e16\u7956 \u4f53\u5929\u9686\u8fd0\u5b9a\u7edf\u5efa\u6781\u82f1\u777f\u94a6\u6587\u663e\u6b66\u5927\u5fb7\u5f18\u529f\u81f3\u4ec1\u7eaf\u5b5d\u7ae0\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u798f\u4e34 1644\u5e74-1661\u5e74 \u987a\u6cbb 1644\u5e74\u20141661\u5e74 \u5b5d\u9675 \u5723\u7956 \u5408\u5929\u5f18\u8fd0\u6587\u6b66\u777f\u54f2\u606d\u4fed\u5bbd\u88d5\u5b5d\u656c\u8bda\u4fe1\u529f\u5fb7\u5927\u6210\u4ec1\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u7384\u70e8 1662\u5e74-1722\u5e74 \u5eb7\u7199 1662\u5e74\u20141722\u5e74 \u666f\u9675 \u4e16\u5b97 \u656c\u5929\u660c\u8fd0\u5efa\u4e2d\u8868\u6b63\u6587\u6b66\u82f1\u660e\u5bbd\u4ec1\u4fe1\u6bc5\u777f\u5723\u5927\u5b5d\u81f3\u8bda\u5baa\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u80e4\u799b 1723\u5e74-1735\u5e74 \u96cd\u6b63 1723\u5e74\u20141735\u5e74 \u6cf0\u9675 \u9ad8\u5b97 \u6cd5\u5929\u9686\u8fd0\u81f3\u8bda\u5148\u89c9\u4f53\u5143\u7acb\u6781\u6577\u6587\u594b\u6b66\u94a6\u660e\u5b5d\u6148\u795e\u5723\u7eaf\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u5f18\u5386 1736\u5e74-1795\u5e74 \u4e7e\u9686 1736\u5e74\u20141795\u5e74 \u88d5\u9675 \u4ec1\u5b97 \u53d7\u5929\u5174\u8fd0\u6577\u5316\u7ee5\u7337\u5d07\u6587\u7ecf\u6b66\u5b5d\u606d\u52e4\u4fed\u7aef\u654f\u82f1\u54f2\u777f\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u9899\u7430 1796\u5e74-1820\u5e74 \u5609\u5e86 1796\u5e74\u20141820\u5e74 \u660c\u9675 \u5ba3\u5b97 \u6548\u5929\u7b26\u8fd0\u7acb\u4e2d\u4f53\u6b63\u81f3\u6587\u5723\u6b66\u667a\u52c7\u4ec1\u6148\u4fed\u52e4\u5b5d\u654f\u5bbd\u5b9a\u6210\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u65fb\u5b81 1821\u5e74-1850\u5e74 \u9053\u5149 1821\u5e74\u20141850\u5e74 \u6155\u9675 \u6587\u5b97 \u534f\u5929\u7fca\u8fd0\u6267\u4e2d\u5782\u8c1f\u61cb\u5fb7\u632f\u6b66\u5723\u5b5d\u6e0a\u606d\u7aef\u4ec1\u5bbd\u654f\u663e\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u5955\u8a5d 1851\u5e74-1861\u5e74 \u54b8\u4e30 1851\u5e74\u20141861\u5e74 \u5b9a\u9675 \u7a46\u5b97 \u7ee7\u5929\u5f00\u8fd0\u53d7\u4e2d\u5c45\u6b63\u4fdd\u5927\u5b9a\u529f\u5723\u667a\u8bda\u5b5d\u4fe1\u654f\u606d\u5bbd\u6bc5\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u8f7d\u6df3 1862\u5e74-1874\u5e74�0�1 \u540c\u6cbb 1862\u5e74\u20141874\u5e74 \u60e0\u9675 \u5fb7\u5b97 \u540c\u5929\u5d07\u8fd0\u5927\u4e2d\u81f3\u6b63\u7ecf\u6587\u7eac\u6b66\u4ec1\u5b5d\u777f\u667a\u7aef\u4fed\u5bbd\u52e4\u666f\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u8f7d\u6e49 1875\u5e74-1908\u5e74�0�1 \u5149\u7eea 1875\u5e74\u20141908\u5e74 \u5d07\u9675 -\u89c1�0�5 \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u6ea5\u4eea 1908\u5e74-1911\u5e74 \u5ba3\u7edf 1909\u5e74\u20141911\u5e74
\u6e05\u592a\u7956 \u627f\u5929\u5e7f\u8fd0\u5723\u5fb7\u795e\u529f\u8087\u7eaa\u7acb\u6781\u4ec1\u5b5d\u777f\u6b66\u7aef\u6bc5\u94a6\u5b89\u5f18\u6587\u5b9a\u4e1a\u9ad8\u7687\u5e1d\uff08\u8ffd\u5c0a\uff09 \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u52aa\u5c14\u54c8\u8d64\uff081559\uff0d1626\uff09 1616\u5e74\uff5e1626\u5e74 \u5929\u547d \u798f\u9675
\u6e05\u592a\u5b97 \u5e94\u5929\u5174\u56fd\u5f18\u5fb7\u5f70\u6b66\u5bbd\u6e29\u4ec1\u5723\u777f\u5b5d\u656c\u654f\u662d\u5b9a\u9686\u9053\u663e\u529f\u6587\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u7687\u592a\u6781\uff081592\u20141643\uff09 1626\u5e74\uff5e1643\u5e74 \u5929\u806a \u5d07\u5fb7 \u662d\u9675
\u6e05\u4e16\u7956 \u4f53\u5929\u9686\u8fd0\u5b9a\u7edf\u5efa\u6781\u82f1\u777f\u94a6\u6587\u663e\u6b66\u5927\u5fb7\u5f18\u529f\u81f3\u4ec1\u7eaf\u5b5d\u7ae0\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u798f\u4e34\uff081638\u20141661\uff09 1643\u5e74\uff5e1661\u5e74 \u987a\u6cbb \u5b5d\u9675
\u6e05\u5723\u7956 \u5408\u5929\u5f18\u8fd0\u6587\u6b66\u777f\u54f2\u606d\u4fed\u5bbd\u88d5\u5b5d\u656c\u8bda\u4fe1\u4e2d\u548c\u529f\u5fb7\u5927\u6210\u4ec1\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u7384\u70e8\uff081654\u20141722\uff09 1661\u5e74\uff5e1722\u5e74 \u5eb7\u7199 \u666f\u9675
\u6e05\u4e16\u5b97 \u656c\u5929\u660c\u8fd0\u5efa\u4e2d\u8868\u6b63\u6587\u6b66\u82f1\u660e\u5bbd\u4ec1\u4fe1\u6bc5\u777f\u5723\u5927\u5b5d\u81f3\u8bda\u5baa\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u80e4\u799b\uff081678\u20141735\uff09 1722\u5e74\uff5e1735\u5e74 \u96cd\u6b63 \u6cf0\u9675
\u6e05\u9ad8\u5b97 \u6cd5\u5929\u9686\u8fd0\u81f3\u8bda\u5148\u89c9\u4f53\u5143\u7acb\u6781\u6577\u6587\u594b\u6b66\u94a6\u660e\u5b5d\u6148\u795e\u5723\u7eaf\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u5f18\u5386\uff081711\u20141799\uff09 1735\u5e74\uff5e1795\u5e74 \u4e7e\u9686 \u88d5\u9675
\u6e05\u4ec1\u5b97 \u53d7\u5929\u5174\u8fd0\u6577\u5316\u7ee5\u7337\u5d07\u6587\u7ecf\u6b66\u5149\u88d5\u5b5d\u606d\u52e4\u4fed\u7aef\u654f\u82f1\u54f2\u777f\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u9899\u7430\uff081760\u20141820\uff09 1796\u5e74\uff5e1820\u5e74 \u5609\u5e86 \u660c\u9675
\u6e05\u5ba3\u5b97 \u6548\u5929\u7b26\u8fd0\u7acb\u4e2d\u4f53\u6b63\u81f3\u6587\u5723\u6b66\u667a\u52c7\u4ec1\u6148\u4fed\u52e4\u5b5d\u654f\u5bbd\u5b9a\u6210\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u65fb\u5b81\uff081782\u20141850\uff09 1820\u5e74\uff5e1850\u5e74 \u9053\u5149 \u6155\u9675
\u6e05\u6587\u5b97 \u534f\u5929\u7fca\u8fd0\u6267\u4e2d\u5782\u8c1f\u61cb\u5fb7\u632f\u6b66\u5723\u5b5d\u6e0a\u606d\u7aef\u4ec1\u5bbd\u654f\u5e84\u4fed\u663e\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u5955\u8a5d\uff081830\u20141861\uff09 1850\u5e74\uff5e1861\u5e74 \u54b8\u4e30 \u5b9a\u9675
\u6e05\u7a46\u5b97 \u7ee7\u5929\u5f00\u8fd0\u53d7\u4e2d\u5c45\u6b63\u4fdd\u5927\u5b9a\u529f\u5723\u667a\u8bda\u5b5d\u4fe1\u654f\u606d\u5bbd\u660e\u8083\u6bc5\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u8f7d\u6df3\uff081856\u20141875\uff09 1861\u5e74\uff5e1875\u5e74 \u797a\u7965 \u540c\u6cbb \u60e0\u9675
\u6e05\u5fb7\u5b97 \u540c\u5929\u5d07\u8fd0\u5927\u4e2d\u81f3\u6b63\u7ecf\u6587\u7eac\u6b66\u4ec1\u5b5d\u777f\u667a\u7aef\u4fed\u5bbd\u52e4\u666f\u7687\u5e1d \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u8f7d\u6e49\uff081871\u20141908\uff09 1875\u5e74\uff5e1908\u5e74 \u5149\u7eea \u5d07\u9675
\u65e0 \u65e0 \u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u6ea5\u4eea\uff081906\u20141967\uff09 1908\u5e74\uff5e1912\u5e74 \u5ba3\u7edf \u534e\u9f99\u9675\u56ed\uff081\uff09
绛旓細1900骞村叚鏈堝湪鍏浗鑱斿啗杩涘寳浜墠淇╂湀鍦嗘槑鍥涔夊拰鍥㈢粰鐑т簡锛屽師鍥犳槸涔夊拰鍥㈠湪鍖椾含涔辨斁鐏儳浜嗗崐涓寳浜煄锛屽渾鏄庡洯琚繖鍦哄叏鍖椾含鐨勭伀鐏炬尝鍙婏紝绗簩娆¤鐑с傚拰鍦嗘槑鍥竴鍚屼粯涔嬩竴鐐殑杩樻湁缈版灄闄㈠拰姘镐箰澶у吀锛岄櫔钁殑鏈夊叏鍖椾含鐨勬墍鏈夋磱琛屻佹磱甯冭銆佹磱椁愬巺銆佹磱鑽浠ュ強娲嬪姟杩愬姩鐨勫熀纭璁炬柦锛屾棤杈滃彈鐏剧殑鏄寳浜櫨濮撳綋鐒...
绛旓細鍏跺疄杩欎釜鎴樹簤瀹冪殑褰卞搷鍔涙洿澶т竴浜涳紝鐗瑰埆瀵逛簬娓呮湞鏉ヨ褰卞搷鏇村ぇ涓浜涖傚洜涓烘垜浠兘鐭ラ亾绛夊埌杩欎釜鏃跺欐竻鏈濆叾瀹炲凡缁忔槸鐥呭叆鑶忚倱浜嗭紝鎵浠ュ緢闅炬湁涓绉嶅姏閲忚兘澶熼樆姝粬浠殑涓涓叆渚碉紝鎵浠ュ湪寰堝鎯呭喌涔嬩笅鎴戜滑閮芥槸闈炲父琚姩鐨勶紝鑰屼笖鍦ㄥ綋鏃剁殑娓呮湞涔熸病鏈変竴鏀啗闃熻兘澶熸姉琛鍏浗鑱斿啗锛鎵浠ユ垜璁や负杩欑幇鍦ㄧ殑鎯呭喌鏉ヨ濡傛灉瑕佹槸璁娓呮湞...
绛旓細鍦嗘槑鍥槸涓嶆槸鍏浗鑱斿啗鐑х殑鍦嗘槑鍥笉鏄叓鍥借仈鍐涚儳鐨,鑰屾槸鍦1860骞磋鑻辨硶鑱斿啗鐑ф瘉鐨勩傚渾鏄庡洯鏄腑鍥娓呬唬澶у瀷鐨囧鍥灄,浣嶄簬鍖椾含甯,鐢卞渾鏄庡洯鍙婂叾闄勫洯闀挎槬鍥拰缁槬鍥粍鎴,鏈夆滀竾鍥箣鍥濅箣绉般傚渾鏄庡洯濮嬪缓浜1707骞,鍗犲湴闈㈢Н3.5骞虫柟鍗冪背,寤虹瓚闈㈢Н杈20涓囧钩鏂圭背,鏈変竴鐧句簲鍗佷綑鏅,鏈鍒濇槸搴风啓甯濈粰鐨囧洓瀛愯儰_鐨勮祼鍥傚悍鐔欎负...
绛旓細鏄庢湯娓呭垵 娓呭啗鍏ュ叧涔嬪悗锛屽巻缁忓悍鐔欍侀泹姝ｃ佷咕闅嗕笁鏈濊繎鐧惧勾鐨勬椂闂锛屾竻鏈鍏堝悗灏嗘紶鍖楄挋鍙ゅ拰鍗媺鐗硅挋鍙ゅ洓閮ㄦ晠鍦扮撼鍏ヤ簡缁熸不鑼冨洿銆傝屾牴鎹竻寤风粺娌昏挋鍙ょ殑鐩熸棗鍒跺害锛岄櫎浜嗙洿灞炰簬鍏棗鐨勫叓鏃楄挋鍙わ紝鍏朵粬钂欏彜鐜嬪叕璐垫棌锛岄兘鏈夊惉浠庢竻寤锋寚鎸ワ紝涔冭嚦浜庣洿鎺ュ嚭鍏电殑涔夊姟銆傚洜姝わ紝鍏浗鑱斿啗渚靛崕涔嬫椂锛岃櫧鐒跺彂鐢熶簡涓滃崡浜掍繚绛夊湴鏂圭潱鎶氫笉鍚...
绛旓細鍐嶅姞涓婅嚜宸遍鐨勭殗鍚庤鍐疯惤锛屾厛绂т互鐝嶅涓嶅彈绀兼硶銆佺弽鐝犱覆鐝犺澶繃濂㈠崕绛夊師鍥犳枼璐ｇ弽濡冿紝鐢氳嚦瀵瑰叾鍔ㄧ敤瑜。寤锋潠銆傚厜缁彉娉曞け璐ヨ杞锛岀弽濡冧篃鍙楀埌鐗佃繛琚菇闂簬閽熺补瀹悗鐨勫寳涓夋墍銆傛渶鍚鍏浗鑱斿啗杩涘寳浜椂锛屾厛绂у懡浜哄皢鍏舵姇鍏ヤ簳涓傚彧鍙儨鍏夌华铏界劧浣滀负鐨囧笣锛屽嵈杩炶嚜宸卞績鐖辩殑濂充汉閮戒繚鎶や笉浜嗐
绛旓細"搴氬瓙"浜屽瓧,鍦ㄤ腑鍥借繎浠ｅ彶涓婃浘鏄竴涓矇閲嶇殑瀛楃溂,鍦ㄤ袱涓敳瀛愪箣鍓嶇殑鍏厓1900骞,涓浗鐖嗗彂浜"鍏浗鑱斿啗渚靛崕鎴樹簤",娓呮斂搴鍦ㄦ垬鍚庤杩璁婅緵涓戞潯绾︺,璧旀4.5浜夸袱鐧介摱銆傚洜涓鸿繖鍦烘垬浜夊彂鐢熷湪搴氬瓙骞,鎵浠ヨ繖绗旈挶涔熻绉颁綔"搴氬瓙璧旀"銆 褰撳勾鐨勫叓鍥借仈鍐涗汉鏁板彧鏈夊洓涓囧浜,鑰屽綋鏃跺寳浜煄鍛ㄥ洿閮ㄧ讲鐫8涓囨竻鍐,闄や簡娣啗銆佺敇鍐涜繖浜...
绛旓細搴风啓鐨勫悗闈鐨勭殗甯濇槸闆嶆锛屽鍚嶄负鐖辨柊瑙夌綏路鑳ょ銆傜埍鏂拌缃椔疯儰绂涳紙1678骞12鏈13鏃モ1735骞10鏈8鏃ワ級锛屽嵆娓呬笘瀹锛屾竻鏈绗簲浣嶇殗甯濓紝瀹氶兘鍖椾含鍚庣涓変綅鐨囧笣锛岃挋鍙ゅ皧绉颁负绾充紛鎷夊皵鍥炬墭甯冩睏銆傚悍鐔欏笣绗洓瀛愶紝姣嶄负瀛濇伃浠佺殗鍚庯紝鍗冲痉濡冧箤闆呮皬锛岀敓浜庡寳浜传绂佸煄姘稿拰瀹傞泹姝ｅ笣鐨勪竴绯诲垪绀句細鏀归潻瀵逛簬搴蜂咕鐩涗笘鐨勮繛缁叿鏈...
绛旓細鍏浗鑱斿啗鏄1900骞村崰棰嗗寳浜殑锛屽叕鍏1900骞5鏈28鏃ワ紙娓呭厜缁簩鍗佸叚骞达級锛屼互褰撴椂鐨勫ぇ鑻卞笣鍥姐佺編鍒╁潥鍚堜紬鍥姐佹硶鍏拌タ绗笁鍏卞拰鍥姐佸痉鎰忓織甯濆浗銆佷縿缃楁柉甯濆浗銆佸ぇ鏃ユ湰甯濆浗銆佹剰澶у埄鐜嬪浗銆佸ゥ鍖堝笣鍥戒负棣栫殑鍏釜涓昏鍥藉瀵瑰ぇ娓呭笣鍥借繘琛屾瑁呬镜鐣ャ1900骞存槬锛屼箟鍜屽洟杩愬姩鎴愪负浜鍏浗鑱斿啗渚靛崕鎴樹簤鐨勫鐏储锛屼互姝や负鍊熷彛锛屽叓鍥借仈...
绛旓細1900骞,11鍥藉垪寮哄睍寮浜嗕竴鍦虹柉鐙傜殑渚电暐琛屼负,钃勮皨宸蹭箙鐨勮鍒掍篃缁堜簬钀藉疄,娓呮斂搴闈㈠杩欏満娈嬮叿鐨勬姤澶嶈鍔,琛ㄧ幇寰楀崄鍒嗚蒋寮,浠ユ厛绂т负棣栫殑娓呮斂搴滆櫧鐒朵笉鐢樺啀鍋氭磱浜虹殑闄勫焊,浼佸浘鏈夋墍鎶垫姉,浣嗘槸鍦ㄧ幇瀹為潰鍓,浠栦滑杩樻槸閫夋嫨浜嗗眻鏈,鏈缁,绛捐浜嗗眻杈辩殑銆婅緵涓戞潯绾︺,娓呭环涔熷畬鍏ㄦ垚涓轰簡娲嬩汉鐨勬湞寤枫 浣嗚璧鍏浗鑱斿啗渚靛崕鐨鍘熷洜 ,寰堝浜...
绛旓細鍏浗鑱斿啗渚电暐涓浗鏄細1900锝1901骞 1900锝1901骞达紙娓呭厜缁簩鍗佸叚骞磋嚦浜屽崄涓冨勾锛夛紝鐢辫嫳銆佷縿銆佹棩銆佺編銆佹硶銆佸痉銆佹剰銆佸ゥ鍏浗娲鹃仯鐨勫啗闃熺粍鎴愮殑渚靛崕鑱斿啗銆19涓栫邯鏈紝涔夊拰鍥㈠弽甯濈埍鍥借繍鍔ㄧ垎鍙戙1900骞5鏈堬紝鍒楀己鍐冲畾鑱斿悎鍑哄叺闀囧帇涔夊拰鍥紝闄嗙画澧炲叺鍖椾含鍜屽ぉ娲ャ6鏈10鏃ワ紝鑻卞浗娴峰啗涓皢E.瑗挎懇灏旂巼棰嗚仈鍚堢壒閬ｉ槦2000...
