英语复数在哪几种情况下加S，ES，IVES等？

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fairy\u2192fairies; lady\u2192ladies; story\u2192stories \u56db\u3001\u4ee5-o\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u6765\u8bcd\u6216\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u5c31\u52a0-es\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u52a0-s\u6784\u6210\u590d\u6570\u3002\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u52a0\u8bfb[z]\u3002\u4f8b\uff1atomato\u2192tomatoes; potato\u2192potatoes; torpedo\u2192torpedoes; bingo\u2192bingoes\u53cd\u4f8b\uff1asilo\u2192silos; piano\u2192pianos\uff08\u5916\u6765\u8bcd\uff09; photo\u2192photos; macro\u2192macros\uff08\u7f29\u5199\u8bcd\uff09 \u4e94\u3001\u4ee5-f\u6216-fe\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u591a\u4e3a\u5c06-f\u6216-fe\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a-ves\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5c3e\u97f3[f]\u6539\u8bfb[vz]\u3002\u4f8b\uff1aknife\u2192knives; life\u2192lives; leaf\u2192leaves; staff\u2192staves; scarf\u2192scarves\u53cd\u4f8b\uff1aroof\u2192roofs \u516d\u3001\u4ee5-us\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff08\u591a\u4e3a\u5916\u6765\u8bcd\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c06-us\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a-i\u6784\u6210\u590d\u6570\u3002\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5c3e\u97f3[Es]\u6539\u8bfb[ai]\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d[kEs]\u8981\u6539\u8bfb\u4e3a[sai]\uff0c[gEs]\u8981\u6539\u8bfb\u4e3a[dVai]\u3002\u4f8b\uff1afungus\u2192fungi; abacus\u2192abaci; focus\u2192foci; cactus\u2192cacti; cestus\u2192cesti \u4e03\u3001\u4ee5-is\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c06-is\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a-es\u3002\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5c3e\u97f3[is]\u6539\u8bfb[i:z]\u3002\u4f8b\uff1aaxis\u2192axes; basis\u2192bases; naris\u2192nares; hypothesis\u2192hypotheses; restis\u2192restes \u516b\u3001\u4ee5-ix\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c06-ix\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a-ices\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5c3e\u97f3[iks]\u6539\u8bfb[isi:z]\u3002\u4f8b\uff1amatrix\u2192matrices; directrix\u2192directrices; calix\u2192calices; appendix\u2192appendices \u53cd\u4f8b\uff1aaffix\u2192affixes \u4e5d\u3001\u4ee5-um\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c06-um\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a-a\u3002\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u53bb\u6389\u9f3b\u5c3e\u97f3\u3002\u4f8b\uff1aforum\u2192fora; stadium\u2192stadia; aquarium\u2192aquaria; datum\u2192data; vacuum\u2192vacua \u5341\u3001\u4ee5-a\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u8bcd\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u540e\u8f8d-e\u3002\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5c3e\u97f3[E]\u6539\u8bfb[i:]\u3002\u4f8b\uff1alarva\u2192larvae; formula\u2192formulae; ala\u2192alae; media\u2192mediae; hydra\u2192hydrae\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u97f3\u3002\u4f8b\uff1afish\u2192fish; sheep\u2192sheep; cattle\u2192cattle; deer\u2192deer; salmon\u2192salmon \u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u4f8b\uff1aman\u2192men; woman\u2192women; child\u2192children; person\u2192people; ox\u2192oxen \u5341\u4e09\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u5355\u6570\u8bcd\u5f97\u52a0en\u624d\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u590d\u6570\u8bcd\uff1a\u4f8b\uff1aox\u2192oxen; child\u2192children; brother\u2192brethren \u5341\u56db\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u5355\u6570\u8bcd\u5f97\u6539\u5934\u6362\u9762\u4e00\u756a,\u624d\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u590d\u6570\u8bcd\u4f8b\uff1aanalysis\u2192analyses\u5206\u6790; basis\u2192bases\u57fa\u7840; datum\u2192data\u6570\u636e; foot\u2192feet;formula\u2192formulae/formulas\u516c\u5f0f; goose\u2192geese; louse\u2192lice\u8671\u5b50; man\u2192menmouse\u2192mice; medium\u2192media/mediums\u5a92\u4ecb; memorandum\u2192memoranda/memorandums\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55;parenthesis\u2192parentheses \u5706\u62ec\u53f7; phenomenon\u2192phenomena\u73b0\u8c61; radius\u2192radii \u534a\u5f84tooth\u2192teeth; woman\u2192women \u5341\u4e94\u3001\u6709\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u5355\u6570\u3001\u590d\u6570\u4e0d\u5206\u7684\u4f8b\uff1adeer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon \u9c91\u9c7c; trout \u9cdf\u9c7c \u5341\u516d\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u867d\u5206\u5355\u6570\u3001\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u591a\u7684\u603b\u662f\u5355\u6570\u8bcd\u4f8b\uff1aabscence; clothing; film; help; furniture\u5bb6\u5177; machinery\u673a\u68b0; news; scenery\u98ce\u666f; sugar;traffic\u4ea4\u901a \u5341\u4e03\u3001\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u5219\u4ee5\u590d\u6570\u8bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u8f83\u591a\u4f8b\uff1abellows\u98ce\u7bb1; clothes; police; shorts\u77ed\u88e4; scissors\u526a\u5200; spectacles\u773c\u955c; shears\u5927\u526a\u5200trousers\u957f\u88e4; wages\u5de5\u8d44 \u5341\u516b\u3001compound nouns\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u590d\u6570\u8bcd\u662f\u4ee5\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4f8b\uff1adaughter-in-law\u2192daughters-in-law \u5ab3\u5987; father-in-law\u2192fathers-in-law\u5cb3\u7236man-of-war\u2192men-of-war\u5175\u8230; maid-servant\u2192maid-servantsstep-son\u2192step-sons\u665a\u5b50; son-in-law\u2192sons-in-law \u5341\u4e5d\u3001\u82e5\u8868\u8fbe\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u6570\u91cf\u8bcd\u4f8b\uff1apair(\u5bf9\uff0c\u53cc); suit(\u5957); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers \u4e8c\u5341\u3001\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u7279\u522b\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4f8b\uff1agoods\u8d27\u7269\uff0cwaters\u6c34\u57df\uff0cfishes\uff08\u5404\u79cd\uff09\u9c7c \u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u9664\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\u5143\u3001\u89d2\u3001\u5206\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u5143\u3001\u82f1\u9551\u3001\u6cd5\u90ce\u7b49\u90fd\u6709\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\uff1aa dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters \u4ee5O\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u52a0es\u6784\u6210\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u5982\uff1aheroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes \u4f46\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u7c7b\u8bcd\u53ea\u52a0s\uff1a1.\u4ee5\u201c\u5143\u97f3+o\u201d\u6216\u201coo\u201d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u8bcd\u5982:videos,radios,studios,folios,oratorios,embryos,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,taboos 2.\u4e00\u4e9b\u5916\u6765\u8bcd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u97f3\u4e50\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\uff1apianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos 3.\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f29\u5199\u8bcd\u548c\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\uff1akilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos \u6709\u4e2a\u522b\u8bcd\u52a0\u4e24\u79cd\u8bcd\u5c3e\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\uff1aarchipelago(e)s,halo(e)s,cargoes(\u82f1\uff09\uff0ccargos(\u7f8e\uff09

1\uff0e\u4e00\u822c\u540d\u8bcd\u590d\u6570\u662f\u5728\u540d\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u201cs\u201d,\u5982map\u2192maps,bag\u2192bags\u7b49\uff1b
2\uff0e\u4ee5s,sh,ch,x\u7b49\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u8bcd\u52a0\u201ces\u201d,\u5982bus\u2192buses,watch\u2192watches\u7b49\uff1b
3\uff0e\u4ee5\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0by\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u8bcd,\u53d8y\u4e3ai\u52a0es,\u5982baby\u2192babies\u7b49\uff1b\u4ee5\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0b y\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u53d8\u590d\u6570\u65f6,\u76f4\u63a5\u52a0s\u53d8\u590d\u6570,\u5982monkey\u2192monkeys,holiday\u2192holidays,storey\u2192storeys\uff08\u697c\u5c42\uff09\uff1b
4\uff0e\u4ee5o \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u53d8\u590d\u6570\u65f6\uff1a
a\uff09\u52a0s\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6709\uff1aphoto\u2192photos ,piano\u2192pianos,radio\u2192radios,zoo\u2192zoos

一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。读音变化：统一加读[iz]。例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes 三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。读音变化：加读[z]。例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories 四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。读音变化：加读[z]。例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros（缩写词） 五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves反例：roof→roofs 六、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词），通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。读音变化：尾音[Es]改读[ai]，其中[kEs]要改读为[sai]，[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。例：fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti 七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。读音变化：尾音[is]改读[i:z]。例：axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses; restis→restes 八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。读音变化：尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。例：matrix→matrices; directrix→directrices; calix→calices; appendix→appendices 反例：affix→affixes 九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。读音变化：去掉鼻尾音。例：forum→fora; stadium→stadia; aquarium→aquaria; datum→data; vacuum→vacua 十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。读音变化：尾音[E]改读[i:]。例：larva→larvae; formula→formulae; ala→alae; media→mediae; hydra→hydrae十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。读音变化：保持原音。例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon 十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。读音变化：没有规律。例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen 十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：例：ox→oxen; child→children; brother→brethren 十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词例：analysis→analyses分析; basis→bases基础; datum→data数据; foot→feet;formula→formulae/formulas公式; goose→geese; louse→lice虱子; man→menmouse→mice; medium→media/mediums媒介; memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;parenthesis→parentheses 圆括号; phenomenon→phenomena现象; radius→radii 半径tooth→teeth; woman→women 十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼 十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar;traffic交通 十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀trousers长裤; wages工资 十八、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰; maid-servant→maid-servantsstep-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law 十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 二十、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼 二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

鑻辨枃浠涔鎯呭喌涓嬪姞s鎴杄s,ies
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绛旓細涓銆佸悕璇澶嶆暟鐨勮鍒欏彉鍖 1)涓鑸鎯呭喌鍔爏.eg: map-maps bag-bags car-cars 2)浠s,sh,ch,x绛夌粨灏剧殑璇鍔爀s.eg:bus-buses watch-watches 3)浠e,se,ze,(d)ge绛夌粨灏剧殑璇嶅姞s eg: license-licenses 4)浠ヨ緟闊冲瓧姣+y 缁撳熬鐨勮瘝鍙榶 涓篿鍐嶅姞es eg: baby---babies 浜屻佸悕璇嶅鏁扮殑涓嶈鍒欏彉鍖 ...

鑻辫鍙澶嶆暟鏃,浠涔堟椂鍊欏幓e鍔爏
绛旓細浠缁撳熬鐨勪笓鏈夊悕璇嶏紝鎴栧厓闊冲瓧姣 y 缁撳熬鐨勫悕璇嶅彉澶嶆暟鏃讹紝鐩存帴鍔爏鍙樺鏁般鍔爀s锛濡傦細potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes

鑻辫鍦浠涔鎯呭喌涓嬪姞s
绛旓細1銆 鏃舵佹槸涓鑸幇鍦ㄦ椂銆佷富璇槸绗笁浜虹О鍗曟暟鐨勫彞瀛,鍔ㄨ瘝涓鑸鎯呭喌涓嬪姞s锛涘綋杩欎釜鍗曡瘝浠,s,x,sh,ch缁撳熬鏃鍔爀s .2銆佸悕璇嶅彉澶嶆暟锛歛銆佷竴鑸儏鍐典笅鍔爏锛涘綋杩欎釜鍗曡瘝浠,x,sh,ch缁撳熬鐨勬椂鍊鍔犱笂es, 浣唖tomach鐨勫鏁板舰寮忔槸stomachs銆俠銆 浠缁撳熬鐨勫悕璇 (1) 閫氬父鍔 es锛氫緥濡 鑻遍泟heroes (2) 浣嗕竴浜...

鑻辫鍚嶈瘝澶嶆暟鎬庝箞鍔犫渟鈥?
绛旓細鑻辫鍚嶈瘝澶嶆暟鐨勮鍒欏彉鍖栵細1銆 涓鑸鎯呭喌鍔爏 渚嬪锛歮ap-maps boy-boys girl-girls pen-pens bag-bags car-cars 锛堟竻杈呴煶鍚庤/s/锛屾祳杈呴煶鍜屽厓闊冲悗璇/z/锛/s/銆/z/銆/dʒ/绛夐煶鍚庡彂/iz/)2銆佷互s, sh, ch, x缁撳熬鍔爀s锛璇/iz/銆備緥濡傦細bus-buses銆亀atch-watches銆乥ox-boxes銆乥rush-...

鑻辫鍗曡瘝澶嶆暟鏃,浠涔鎯呭喌涓嬪姞S浠涔堟儏鍐典笅?
绛旓細鑻辫鍗曡瘝鍙澶嶆暟瑙勫垯 1.1 鍚嶈瘝澶嶆暟鐨勮鍒欏彉鍖 1.涓鑸鎯呭喌 鍔 -s 娓呰緟闊冲悗璇/s/ map-maps 娴婅緟闊冲拰鍏冮煶鍚庤 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars 2. 浠s, sh, ch, x绛夌粨灏 鍔 -es 璇 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 3. 浠e, se, ze,绛夌粨灏 鍔 -s 璇 /iz/ license-licenses 4...

鑻辫鍗曡瘝澶嶆暟褰㈠紡浠涔鎯呭喌鍔爏浠涔堟儏鍐?浠涔鎯呭喌涓嬪姞es?
绛旓細1.涓鑸鎯呭喌涓,鍦ㄥ悕璇嶇殑鏈熬鍔犫s鏋勬垚銆傚:Tom鈥檚book2.浠モ-s鈥濈粨灏剧殑澶嶆暟鍚嶈瘝鐨勬墍鏈夋牸,鍙湪鍏舵湯灏惧姞鈥欍傚:ourteachers鈥檅ooks3.琛ㄧず鍑犱釜浜哄叡鍚屾嫢鏈夌殑涓滆タ鏃,鍙湪鏈鍚庝竴涓悕瀛椾笂鍔犳墍鏈夋牸銆傚:SuHaiandSuYang鈥檚bedroom鍏乤,an鍜宼he鐨勭敤娉1.鍗曡瘝鎴栧瓧姣嶇殑绗竴涓闊虫槸杈呴煶璇婚煶:abook,apeach,a鈥淯鈥.鍗曡瘝...

鑻辫鍙澶嶆暟鏃,浠涔堟椂鍊欏幓e鍔爏
绛旓細娌℃湁鍘e鍔爏鐨勭绫 1锛庝竴鑸悕璇澶嶆暟鏄湪鍚嶈瘝鍚庨潰鍔犱笂鈥渟鈥,濡俶ap鈫抦aps,bag鈫抌ags绛夛紱2锛庝互s,sh,ch,x绛夌粨灏剧殑璇嶅姞鈥es鈥,濡俠us鈫抌uses,watch鈫抴atches绛夛紱3锛庝互杈呴煶瀛楁瘝锛媦缁撳熬鐨勮瘝,鍙榶涓篿鍔爀s,濡俠aby鈫抌abies绛夛紱浠ュ厓闊冲瓧姣嶏紜 y缁撳熬鐨勫悕璇嶅彉澶嶆暟鏃,鐩存帴鍔爏鍙樺鏁,濡俶onkey鈫抦onkeys,hol...

鑻辫鎬庝箞澶嶆暟鍙榶
绛旓細鍙暟鍚嶈瘝鐨澶嶆暟锛屼竴鑸鎯呭喌涓嬪姞s锛瑕佹槸浠ヨ緟闊冲瓧姣嶅姞y锛岀粨灏惧氨鍙榶涓篿鍔爀s銆備互s锛宻h锛宔s锛宻锛寈锛宑h缁撳熬鐨勫悕璇嶅姞es銆備笅鍒楄瘝鍔爀s锛1銆乻/x/ch/sh缁撳熬鐨勮瘝鍔爀s銆傚锛歝lass, box, watch, brush, fox, match, dish, glass銆2銆佲滆緟闊+y鈥濈粨灏剧殑璇嶏紝y鏀逛负i鍚庯紝鍔爀s銆傚锛歝ity, country, ...

鍚嶈瘝澶嶆暟鍦涓鑸鎯呭喌涓,鍝簺娆＄殑璇嶅熬鏄鍔爏,鍝簺璇嶆槸鍔爀s
绛旓細涓嬪垪璇鍔爀s锛1)s/x/ch/sh缁撳熬鐨勮瘝鍔爀s 濡傦細class,box,watch,brush,fox,match,dish,glass,2锛夆滆緟闊+y鈥濈粨灏剧殑璇嶏紝y鏀逛负i鍚庯紝鍔爀s 濡傦細city,country,study,3)涓嬪垪o缁撳熬鐨勮瘝鍔爀s:tomato,potato,hero,zero,mango,negro,...

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