英国建筑历史 英国著名建筑物英文简介
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Edinburgh Castle is the symbol of the spirit of Edinburgh and even Scotland. It stands on the top of the extinct volcanic rocks and overlooks the city of Edinburgh.
Every August, a military band arrangement is held here, which shows the grandeur and grandeur of Edinburgh Castle.
No one who travels to Edinburgh will miss Edinburgh Castle, which can be seen from all corners of the city centre.
Edinburgh Castle became a royal castle in the 6th century, and Edinburgh Castle has since become an important royal residence and national administrative center.
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Buckingham Palace is the principal dormitory and office of the British monarch in London.
Located in Westminster, the palace is one of the venues for national celebrations and royal welcoming ceremonies, as well as an important tourist attraction.
Buckingham Palace is also an important gathering place at a time of celebration or crisis in British history.
From 1703 to 1705, Buckingham Palace, a large town hall building, was built here by Buckingham and John Sheffield, Duke of Normanby, which constitutes the main building of today.
In 1761, George III acquired the mansion and served as a private dormitory.
Since then, the palace expansion project has lasted for more than 75 years, mainly presided over by architects John Nassy and Edward Broll, which constructed three-sided buildings for the central courtyard.
In 1837, Queen Victoria ascended the throne and Buckingham Palace became the official palace of the King of England.
At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the public facade of the palace was built, forming the image of Buckingham Palace that continues today.
During World War II, the palace chapel was destroyed by a German bomb attack.
The Queen's Gallery on its site was opened to the public in 1962, displaying the Royal Collection.
Buckingham Palace is now open to visitors. Every morning, there will be a famous handover ceremony of the guards, which has become a great view of British Royal culture.
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Elizabeth Tower, formerly known as Big Ben, is the Bell Tower of Westminster Palace, one of the world's famous Gothic buildings, the landmark building of London.
In June 2012, Britain announced the renaming of the Bell Tower of Big Ben, a famous landmark in London, as "Elizabeth Tower".
The tower of Elizabeth is a bell tower on the Thames River in London, England. It is one of the landmarks of London. The bell tower is 95 meters high, 7 meters in diameter and 13.5 tons in weight.
Every 15 minutes, the Westminster bell rings. Since the construction of the Jubilee Metro Line, the tower of Elizabeth has been affected. Measurements show that the tower tilts about half a meter northwest.
The tower of Elizabeth, built on April 10, 1858, is the largest clock in Britain. The tower is 320 feet tall and the minute needle is 14 feet long.
Elizabeth's tower is artificially wound. During congressional meetings, the clock shines every hour.
Every year, when the time changes between summer and winter, the clock will stop and repair, exchange parts, and adjust the tone of the clock.
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Westminster Palace, also known as the House of Parliament, is the seat of the British Parliament.
Westminster Palace is one of the representative works of Gothic Renaissance Architecture, which was listed as World Cultural Heritage in 1987.
The building consists of about 1,100 separate rooms, 100 stairs and 4.8 kilometers of corridors.
Although today's palaces were basically rebuilt in the 19th century, many of the original historical relics, such as the Westminster Hall, are still preserved.
Today they are used for major public ceremonies, such as pre-funeral displays.
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London Eye, situated on the Thames River in London, UK, is the world's first and largest Ferris wheel for sightseeing up to 2005. It is one of London's landmarks and famous tourist attractions.
The London Eye is built to celebrate the new millennium, so it is also called the Millennium Ferris Wheel. Passengers can take the London Eye to get a bird's eye view of London.
The London Eye becomes a huge blue halo at night, which greatly adds to the dreamlike temperament of the Thames River.
The London Eye also lights up the 2015 British general election, with the red light representing the British Labour Party, the blue representing the Conservative Party.
the purple representing the British Independent Party, and the Yellow representing the Liberal Democratic Party.
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古典文艺复兴传统
欧洲各国文艺复兴时期的建筑风格（意大利在15世纪，法国在15世纪后叶，英国在16世纪）是形成美国文艺复兴的深刻背景，虽然各国在文艺复兴时期都渗入本国的灵气与思想，但有一点是共同的，即对古典风格的继承与创新。在别墅风格的体现上均具备对称、平衡和细部装饰精美等特点。在这一时期，西欧对美国别墅风格的影响是明显的，也是在这一时期，欧洲开始逐步成为世界上经济、政治和文化方面最强大的地区，属于这一传统的风格有乔治亚风格、亚当风格。
英国别墅强调门廊的装饰性，比较“讲究门面”。乔治亚风格 在英国殖民国家中整整流行了一个世纪（18世纪），它是由意大利文艺复兴风格传入英国后派生出来的，并秉承古典主义对称与和谐的原则，是对美国最有影响的一种风格。它的特征为：
A、正立面常有古典门廊；
B、廊檐下有长方形团排列，屋檐上有齿饰；
C、窗户上下成对，分割成许多小网格（9到12个），通常窗户也是5列，为中央对称；
D、大门常有长方形雕花组成排列图案，门梁 上有竖向排列的长方形花纹。
有五种形态：侧山墙；双折线屋顶；四坡屋顶；中央山墙；常作为城市住宅。
◎ 亚当风格（Adam）
亚当风格是乔治亚风格的发展与精华，在美国东北部极为流行，它吸取了亚当兄弟对意大利文艺复兴风格的研究成果。与乔治亚风格相比，屋檐齿饰加长，正门上方加了一个半圆形或椭圆形气窗，墙面窗户有装饰窗修饰，其余的特征和形态与乔治亚当风格几乎一致。
◎ 英国民居风格(Postmedieval English)
美国本土上除印地安人住宅外，最早的当数中世纪后英国民居风格了，这类建筑首先由英国人在美国东北海岸最富饶的地带兴建，多数为木结构，能保存下来至今已有300多年的历史，它外型单调。其建筑特征是：
A、 陡峭的侧三角形屋顶，屋檐几乎无装饰；
B、木板大门，斜网格窗，显眼的精制的大烟囱。
它有两种形态：两层木屋，中央烟囱（北方）；两层砖屋，两侧烟囱（南方）
英国切斯特——一座维多利亚建筑风格保存最完好的中世纪小城（ZT）如果你喜欢欧洲那种黑白分明的维多利亚建筑风格，那你就去英国英格兰西北部的小城切斯特（Chster），在那里，你可以心情地欣赏那些建造于中世纪、至今有保存最完好的维多利亚建筑，精致的、黑白分明的切斯特，它一定会令你大饱眼福。
也许很多人不知道这个名字，但是我相信很多人都知道英国的维多利亚建筑中黑白分明的建筑风格，也知道足球巨星欧文。切斯特，就是欧文的故乡，一座拥有两千多年历史、英国至今保存维多利亚建筑风格最完整的一个古城。它拥有众多的黑白相间的中世纪建筑，又有至今年保存完好的古城墙围绕着古趣盎然的建筑物，交相辉映出极为出众的古城市街景观特色。
走进切斯特，最大的视觉感受是这里黑白建筑的完美与精致，这就是切斯特古城的特点，街道两旁随处可见的半木结构的老屋，黑木为柱，白土为墙，清雅别致、极有韵味的房屋，窗子外面挂着很多绿色植物或花卉，精致里透着一种自然之美。切斯特小城被曲折的迪河环绕着，小巧而漂亮。走入切斯特，思绪便很快随着小城里的维多利亚时代的黑白建筑而回到中世纪。
来到切斯特，要想完整地欣赏这座美丽的小城，最好的游程就是登上古城墙，因为漫步古城墙一圈，也就基本上把切斯特看了个精透了。
英国，带着浪漫的气息，英国的乡村小道是很只得去的地方。青翠的小草，七色的花，漫山遍野。田园里的篱笆仿佛把你带离了喧嚣的世界，漫步在这世外桃源别不小心踩进了农场主的地界，哈哈，交错纵横的小路可是有着自己的主人呢，
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