非谓语to have done用法是什么？ 还有一个问题，非谓语从句作主语的时候，To have don...

to have done\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f

to have done\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7528\u5728indirect speech \uff08report speech\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3ato have \u662f\u7528\u5728indirect speech\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5e38\u8ddf\u5728think\u3001claim\u3001believe \u7b49\u4e8e\u9648\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u591a\u4ee5\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002
to have done\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0fto do\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u6001\uff0c\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u3001\u52a8\u8bcding\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4e09\u79cd\uff0cto have done \u5f15\u51fa\u76ee\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u548cto do\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002


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\u5b83\u7684\u6784\u6210\u662f\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd(have/has) +\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u3002

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\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u66b4\u6652\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c \u662f\u53ef\u6015\u7ecf\u5386\u662f\u7cfb\u8868\u7ed3\u6784 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u53ea\u6709v-ing\u548c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u3002
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A\u3002 Exposure to sunlight for a long time was a terrible experience for me
B. Having been exposed to the sunlight for a long time was a terrible experience for me
C To have been exposed to sunlight for a long time was a terribel experience for me
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7528 to have been exposed to sunlight\u5462\uff1f
A \u4eba\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u67d0\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6709\u88ab\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u7528 be+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a
\u662f \u72b6\u6001\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8981\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5c11\u7528\u66b4\u9732\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u897f\u65b9\u4eba \u8bf4 \u770b\u7535\u89c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f be exposed to TV, \u53bb\u98df\u5802\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f be exposed to the dining hall.
\u53bb\u4e0a\u8bfe\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f be exposed to the classroom. \u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u54ea\u513f\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4f60\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c
B \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7528 to have been exposed \u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5148\u201c\u66b4\u6652\u201d\uff0c\u540ecried. \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5f62\u5f0f\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u5148\u4e8e\u53e5\u5b50\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\u3002
\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e45\u7b49\u4e86
\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5148\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e45\u7b49\uff0c\u7136\u540e sorry \u4e00\u4e0b\u3002
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1、表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。

如：He seems to have caught a cold.

他似乎感冒了。

2、表示在某个给定的时间之前已完成的动作。

如：I hope to have finished the work by now.

我希望现在以前已完成这项工作。

3、表示过去未曾实现的想法和愿望。

如：I should like to have come earlier.

我本想早点来的。

与谓语动词不同点

1、非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

2、非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

3、非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。

4、谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。

5、英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。

to have done 是动词不定式的完成时态。
to do 本身是表示将来和主动
to have done 就表示完成和主动了。
如果用作状语或者宾语，表达含义是发生在主句谓语动词之前。
eg：he seems to have had breakfast. 他似乎已经吃了早饭。
如果用作定语，就表示完成和主动。

扩展阅读：having been ... hurry ... ought to have done ... assume ... 非谓语动词having done ... have been done ... have done 是什么时态 ... 非谓语having done的用法 ... having done 非谓语举例 ...