翻译一篇英语小短文
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Christmas is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. No one knows the exact date of Christ's birth, but most Christians observe Christmas on December 25. On this day, many go to church, where they take part in special religious services. During the Christmas season, they also exchange gifts and decorate their homes with holly, mistletoe, and Christmas trees. The word Christmas comes from Cristes maesse, an early English phrase that means Mass of Christ. The story of Christmas comes chiefly from the Gospels of Saint Luke and Saint Matthew in the New Testament.
The history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years. Many of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the Christ child was born. The 12 days of Christmas, the bright fires, the yule log, the giving of gifts, carnivals(parades) with floats, carolers who sing while going from house to house, the holiday feasts, and the church processions can all be traced back to the early Mesopotamians.
Many of these traditions began with the Mesopotamian celebration of New Years. The Mesopotamians believed in many gods, and as their chief god-Marduk. Each year as winter arrived it was believed that Marduk would do battle with the monsters of chaos. To assist Marduk in his struggle the Mesopotamians held a festival for the New Year. This was Zagmuk, the New Year's festival that lasted for 12 days.
The Persians and the Babylonians celebrated a similar festival called the Sacaea. Part of that celebration included the exchanging of places, the slaves would become the masters and the masters were to obey. The ancient Greeks held a festival similar to that of the Zagmuk/Sacaea festivals to assist their god Kronos who would battle the god Zeus and his Titans.
The Roman's celebrated their god Saturn. Their festival was called Saturnalia which began the middle of December and ended January 1st. With cries of "Jo Saturnalia!" the celebration would include masquerades in the streets, big festive meals, visiting friends, and the exchange of good-luck gifts called Strenae (lucky fruits). The Romans decked their halls with garlands of laurel and green trees lit with candles. Again the masters and slaves would exchange places.
"Jo Saturnalia!" was a fun and festive time for the Romans, but the Christians thought it an abomination to honor the pagan god. The early Christians wanted to keep the birthday of their Christ child a solemn and religious holiday, not one of cheer and merriment as was the pagan Saturnalia.
Some legends claim that the Christian "Christmas" celebration was invented to compete against the pagan celebrations of December. The 25th was not only sacred to the Romans but also the Persians whose religion Mithraism was one of Christianity's main rivals at that time. The Church eventually was successful in taking the merriment, lights, and gifts from the Saturanilia festival and bringing them to the celebration of Christmas.
The exact day of the Christ child's birth has never been pinpointed. Traditions say that it has been celebrated since the year 98 AD. In 137 AD the Bishop of Rome ordered the birthday of the Christ Child celebrated as a solemn feast. In 350 AD another Bishop of Rome, Julius I, choose December 25th as the observance of Christmas.
The birth of Jesus had a story: In Nazareth, a city of Galilee. The virgin's name was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit. Joseph her husband was minded to put her away secretly. While he thought about these things, Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid to take Mary as wife. And Mary will bring forth a Son, and he shall call his name, Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.
Before Jesus births, Joseph and Mary came to Quirnius was governing Syria. So all went to be registered, everyone to his own city. Joseph also went up out of Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and of the lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. So it was that while they were there, the days were completed for her to be delivered. And she brought forth her firstborn Son, and wrapped him in swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.
And that, Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus, is on 25th, December every year. But nobody knows the actual birthday of Jesus. And the Christmas has become popular when Christmas cards appeared in 1846 and the concept of a jolly Santa Claus was first made popular in nineteenth Century.
The custom of giving gifts to relatives and friends on a special day in winter probably began in ancient Rome and northern Europe. In these regions, people gave each other small presents as part of their year-end celebrations.
In the 1800's, two more Christmas customs became popular--decorating Christmas trees and sending Christmas cards to relatives and friends. Many well-known Christmas carols, including ``Silent Night" and ``Hark! The Herald Angels Sing," were composed during this period. In the United States and other countries, Santa Claus replaced Saint Nicholas as the symbol of gift giving.
The word Xmas is sometimes used instead of Christmas. This tradition began in the early Christian church. In Greek, X is the first letter of Christ's name. It was frequently used as a holy symbol.
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Spring, melting ice on the river, fish in the water to travel to travel, sprouting trees, flowers, the green color.
Spring beauty!
Winter, the leaves have been falling, the earth has become a white, the river is frozen.
绛旓細like happiness, to those who are aiming at something higher. It is a byproduct of great, simple living. The joy of living comes from what we put into living, not from what we seek to get from it. 缈昏瘧 鐢熸椿涔嬩箰瓒ｆ潵婧愪簬鑹ソ鐨勬儏缁紝淇¤禆杩欎簺鎯呯华锛屽苟浠荤敱瀹冧滑濡傚悓楦熷効楂樼繑浜庡ぉ...
绛旓細鑻辫灏忕煭鏂鍙缈昏瘧锛歍aking a Bus-Vacation-Holiday 鎼反澹-鍋囨湡-鍋囨棩 My family and I went to Honolulu,Hawaii during summer vacation.Honolulu is on a small island in the North Pacific Ocean.浜烘殤鍋囩殑鏈熼棿锛屾垜浠叏瀹朵汉鍘讳簡澶忓▉澶风殑Honolulu(妾棣欏北)銆傛獉棣欏北鏄綅浜庡お骞虫磱涓殑涓涓皬宀涗笂銆俉e too...
绛旓細鑻辫灏忕煭鏂鍙缈昏瘧濡備笅锛氱煭鏂囦竴锛歄nly when you understand the true meaning of life can you live truly. Bittersweet as life is, it's still wonderful, and it's fascinating even in tragedy. If you're just alive, try harder and try to live wonderfully.鐭枃涓缈昏瘧锛氬彧鏈夊湪浣犱簡瑙ｄ簡浜虹敓...
绛旓細The basketball games have given me the most wonderful time in my life.缈昏瘧:鎴戝枩娆㈢殑杩愬姩鏈夊緢澶氱,姣斿娓告吵銆佽窇姝ュ拰璺宠垶銆傜劧鑰,鎴戞渶鍠滄鐨勮繍鍔ㄦ槸绡悆銆傚綋鎴戝湪鍒濅腑鏃,鎴戝紑濮嬪湪瀛︽牎鎵撶鐞冦傞偅鏃,鎴戝彂鐜版垜宸茬粡娣辨繁鍦扮埍涓婁簡杩欓」杩愬姩銆傜幇鍦,鎴戞兂鐪嬬鐞冩瘮璧,鎴戝彲浠ャ傜鐞冩瘮璧涚粰浜嗘垜鐢熷懡涓渶缇庡ソ鐨勬椂鍏夈傘愮瘒涓夈...
绛旓細鑻辫婕旇灏忕煭鏂甯缈昏瘧绡1 鑷珛 On Independence 鈥淒epend on yourself鈥 is what nature says to every man. Parents can help you. Teachers can help you. others still can help you. But all these only help you to help yourself 鈥滆嚜绔嬧濇槸鑷劧瀵规瘡涓汉鐨勮姹.涔熻浣犵殑鐖舵瘝銆佽佸笀鑳藉甯姪浣...
绛旓細姹鑻辫灏忕煭鏂甯缈昏瘧100瀛20绡 4涓洖绛 #鐑# 浣犲彂鏈嬪弸鍦堜細浣跨敤閮ㄥ垎浜哄彲瑙佸姛鑳藉悧? 鐧惧害缃戝弸e00eb65 2011-08-14 路 TA鑾峰緱瓒呰繃5532涓禐 鐭ラ亾灏忔湁寤烘爲绛斾富 鍥炵瓟閲:1246 閲囩撼鐜:0% 甯姪鐨勪汉:688涓 鎴戜篃鍘荤瓟棰樿闂釜浜洪〉 鍏虫敞 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴 1.A happy DayIt was sunny and very hot today. ...
绛旓細1.閲戦奔 Goldfish Stan: I won 92 goldfish.Fred: Where are you going to keep them?Stan: In the bathroom 銆侳red: But what will you do when you want to take a bath?Stan: Blindfold them!鏂腹锛氭垜璧簡 92 鏉￠噾楸笺傚紬闆峰痉锛氫綘鎯冲湪鍝効鍏诲畠浠紵鏂腹锛氭荡瀹ゃ傚紬闆峰痉锛氫絾鏄綘鎯虫礂婢℃椂鎬庝箞鍔...
绛旓細銆愮瘒涓銆慖 have a good friend. she is a beautiful girl. she has long black hair, two big black eyes and a red mouth. her voice is better. she is good at singing.She is a clever girl. She likes reading books , playing computer games and chess. she is also nice. she ...
绛旓細1 my little dog can't read Mrs.Brown:Oh,my dear,I have lost my precious little dog!Mrs.Smith:But you must put an advertisement in the papers!Mrs.Brown:It's no use,my little dog can't read.鎴戠殑鐙椾笉璇嗗瓧 甯冩湕澶汉锛氬摝锛屼翰鐖辩殑锛屾垜鎶婄弽鐖辩殑灏忕嫍缁欎涪浜嗭紒鍙插瘑鏂か浜猴細鍙槸浣犺鍦...
绛旓細to accompany me to go home锛宎ccompany me to do my homework鈥︹nce锛宱utside under a heavy downpour锛宨t seemed to be a warrior锛宲rotecting my homework and book.姣忎竴澶╋紝瀹冮兘浼氶櫔鎴戜笂璇撅紝闄垜鍥炲锛岄櫔鎴戝仛瀹跺涵浣滀笟鈥︹︽湁涓娆★紝澶栭潰涓嬭捣浜嗗剧泦澶ч洦锛屽畠鍍忎竴涓垬澹紝淇濇姢鎴戠殑浣滀笟鍜屼功銆
