现在完成进行时与过去完成时的区别 现在完成时，过去完成时，现在完成进行时的区别
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\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\uff1ahad + past participle
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He had studied Chinese before he came to Taiwan. \u4ed6\u5230\u53f0\u6e7e\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u66fe\u5b66\u8fc7\u4e2d\u6587\u3002
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1ahad been doing
I had been studying\uff0e\u6211\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u3002
2\u3001\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0d\u540c
\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u8f83\u65e9\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u5f0f\u3002\u5360\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u5f0f\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5f0f\u60df\u4e00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f verb to have \u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528had \u3002
I had been watching TV before you called me.\u4f60\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u7ed9\u6211\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u5728\u770b\u7535\u89c6\u3002
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5f88\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u65f6\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff1a
He was still waiting\uff0e\uff08\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\uff09\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7b49\u3002
3\u3001\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u5728told, said, knew, heard, thought\u7b49\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u53bb\u8fc7\u5df4\u9ece\u3002
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u6001\u5f88\u5c11\u7528\u5728\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u4ee5\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4ee3\u66ff\uff1a
He had not practised English for many years\uff0e\u4ed6\u5f88\u5c11\u7ec3\u4e60\u82f1\u8bed\u3002
\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff1a\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u5230\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65f6\u4e3a\u6b62\uff08\u6216\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4e3a\u6b62\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\uff08\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7ed3\u675f\uff09\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5f00\u59cb\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+have/has+\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd(p.p\uff09\uff08V-ed\uff09 e.g done \u2460\u80af\u5b9a\u53e5\u4e2d\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+has/have+\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd(p.p)\uff08V-ed\uff09+\u5bbe\u8bed\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\uff09.\u2461\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\u4e2d\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+haven't/hasn't+\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff08p.p\uff09\uff08V-ed\uff09+\u5bbe\u8bed.\u2462\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u4e2d\uff1aHave/Has+\u4e3b\u8bed+\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff08p.p)\uff08V-ed\uff09+\u5bbe\u8bed\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\uff08\u672b\u5c3e\u7528\u95ee\u53f7\uff09\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6(past perfect tense)\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u52a8\u4f5c\u4ee5\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u201d\u8868\u793a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u70b9\u9020\u6210\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u6216\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u53bb\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4e3b\u8bed+had+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcdvpp.(done)\u2460\u80af\u5b9a\u53e5\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+had+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd+\u5176\u4ed6.\u2461\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+had+not+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd+\u5176\u4ed6.\u2462\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1aHad+\u4e3b\u8bed+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd+\u5176\u4ed6?\u80af\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54\uff1aYes,\u4e3b\u8bed+had.\u5426\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54\uff1aNo,\u4e3b\u8bed+hadn't.\u2463\u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1a\u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd\u6216\u8bcd\u7ec4+\u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff08Had+\u4e3b\u8bed+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd+\u5176\u4ed6\uff09\u2464\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+had (not) +been+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd+\u5176\u4ed6\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff1a\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5f88\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fc7\u53bb\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u8fd8\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u7ed3\u675f
现在完成时态有两种用法，一种是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，另一种是过去发生的动作发生到现在，并有可能持续下去。 现在完成时态表示过去的过去，即在过去的时间点之前发生的动作。例如：Before I came home，he had finished his work. 在我到家之前，他已经做完了工作。这句就必须用过去完成时态，因为I came home是过去发生的动作，过去的动作之前，就是他完成工作，所以是过去的过去，过去完成时态，而现在完成时态中是绝对不允许出现过去的时间状语的。(1) 现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作：
I have read the book. 我读过这本书。
I have been reading the book. 我一直在读这本书。
【注】有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)：
How long have you worked [been working] here? 你在这儿工作多久了？
I’ve lived [been living] here since 1988. 自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。
(2) 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感****彩：
I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。(陈述事实)
I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)
(3) 现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况，若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况，则通常用现在完成时：
He has lived in Paris. 他(一直)住在巴黎。
He has been living in Paris. 他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性)
(4) 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时：
I’ve only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。
They’ve been married for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。
The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。
(5) 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替：
The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已漆了一个月。
The problem has been studied for five days. 这个问题已研究了五天。
现在完成时：1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack has been feeling very well recently.
3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
标 1） 概念：表示过去的过去
其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
志:1句中常有延续性动词 2时间点前有since
I have been learning English for 10 years.
I had fininshed my job by the end of last month.
第一句是现在进行时的例句，这种事态强调动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，现在好在进行着
第二句是过去完成时，它强调动作在过去的一个时间点之前就已经完成，也就是“过去的过去”。这句话中过去的一点是last month 在这个点之前我就完成了工作。
这两个时态是中国学生学习时态的难点，好好体会例句中的暗含时间特别重要
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绛旓細I have been doing it for years. 鎴戝凡缁忓仛浜嗗嚑骞翠簡銆傝鏄庤繖涓鍔ㄦ病鏈夋柇杩囷紝鐜板湪杩樺湪鍋氥傜幇鍦瀹屾垚鏃锛屽己璋杩囧幓瀹屾垚鐨鍔ㄤ綔瀵圭幇鍦ㄧ殑褰卞搷銆備緥:-Would you like to have lunch with me ?-I have had it.鎰忔濇槸璇存垜鍚冭繃锛屼笉鑳借窡浣犱竴璧峰幓浜嗐鐜板湪瀹屾垚杩涜鏃锛屽己璋冨姩浣滅殑鎸佺画杩涜锛岀幇鍦ㄥ姩浣滆繕鍦ㄨ繘琛...
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绛旓細閭ｅ氨鏄杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃銆傛瘮濡侷 have finished my homework. 灏辨槸涓涓吀鍨嬬殑鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃讹紝鍙堜緥濡侺ily said she had finished her homework. (Said 鍗宠冻浠ヨ瘉鏄嶭ily 璇寸殑鏃跺欏氨瀹屾垚浜嗕綔涓氾紝鍦╯aid 鏃跺凡缁忓畬鎴愪簡锛屽張鍥犱负瀹冩槸杩囧幓寮忔墍浠ユ槸杩囧幓鐨杩囧幓銆傛椂杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃讹紝妤间富缁嗗績瑙傚療灏变笉闅惧彂鐜拌繖绉嶅弬鐓э紒鏈涢噰绾筹紒
绛旓細1锛鐜板湪瀹屾垚杩涜鏃跺拰鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃鐨嗗彲琛ㄧず鍔ㄤ綔瀵圭幇鍦ㄤ骇鐢熺殑缁撴灉锛屼絾鍓嶈呮墍琛ㄧず鐨勭粨鏋滄槸鐩存帴鐨勶紝鑰屽悗鑰呮墍琛ㄧず鐨勫垯鏄渶鍚庣殑缁撴灉銆傚锛歐e have been cleaning the classroom锛庯紙a锛塛e have cleaned the classroom锛庯紙b锛夛紙a锛夊彞鍙瘧涓衡滄垜浠墦鎵暀瀹ゆ潵鐫銆傗濆叾鐩存帴缁撴灉鍙兘鏄細鎴戜滑韬笂閮芥槸鐏般傦紙b锛夊彞...
绛旓細They have been living in this city for ten years.They have lived in this city for ten years.浠栦滑鍦ㄨ繖涓煄甯傚凡缁忎綇浜10骞翠簡銆傦紙鍥涳級澶у鏁鐜板湪瀹屾垚杩涜鏃鐨勫彞瀛愪笉绛夊悓浜庣幇鍦瀹屾垚鏃剁殑鍙ュ瓙銆侷 have been writing a book.锛堝姩浣滆繕灏嗙户缁笅鍘伙級鎴戜竴鐩村湪鍐欎竴鏈功銆杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃 锛氳繃鍘诲畬鎴愭椂(past ...
绛旓細1锛夎繃鍘绘椂琛ㄧず杩囧幓鏌愭椂鍙戠敓鐨勫姩浣滄垨鍗曠函鍙欒堪杩囧幓鐨勪簨鎯咃紝寮鸿皟鍔ㄤ綔锛鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃涓鸿繃鍘诲彂鐢熺殑锛屽己璋冭繃鍘荤殑浜嬫儏瀵圭幇鍦ㄧ殑褰卞搷锛屽己璋冪殑鏄奖鍝嶃2锛夎繃鍘绘椂甯镐笌鍏蜂綋鐨勬椂闂寸姸璇繛鐢紝鑰岀幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂閫氬父涓庢ā绯婄殑鏃堕棿鐘惰杩炵敤锛屾垨鏃犳椂闂寸姸璇備竴鑸杩囧幓鏃剁殑鏃堕棿鐘惰:yesterday, last week锛屸go, in1980, in October,...
绛旓細杩欎袱绉瀹屾垚鏃鍏跺疄灏辨槸had涓巋ave鐨勫尯鍒傚 鎴戝凡缁忔敹闆嗛偖绁2骞翠簡銆侷 have been collecting stamps for two years.鎴戣繃鍘绘浘缁忓埌杩囬娓紙璇翠箣鍓嶅凡缁忓畬鎴愶級 I had ever been to HongKong 杩囧幓杩涜鏃娌′粈涔堝尯鍒紝灏辨槸鍜鐜板湪杩涜鏃舵湁鎵鍖哄埆灏辨槸浜嗐備竴涓敤浜庣幇鍦 涓涓敤浜庤繃鍘汇傚瑕佸彊杩 鑷繁鍦ㄨ繃鍘荤殑杩欎釜...
