叔本华和尼采为什么对女性都抱有很深的偏见和蔑视？ 有关于尼采的故事吗？
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\u3000\u3000\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c•\u5a01\u5ec9•\u5c3c\u91c7\uff08Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche\uff0c1844\u5e7410\u670815\u65e5\uff0d1900\u5e748\u670825\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u5fb7\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u30021844\u5e74\u5c3c\u91c7\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u5dde\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e61\u6751\u7267\u5e08\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u5c3c\u91c7\u81ea\u5e7c\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u7740\u6ce2\u5170\u8d35\u65cf\u8840\u7edf\u5e76\u4e3a\u6b64\u800c\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u8c6a\u30021865\u5e74\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u8fdb\u5165\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521\u5927\u5b66\u653b\u8bfb\u53e4\u5178\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u89e6\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u5c3c\u91c7\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u8003\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u30021869\u5e74\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec525\u5c81\u7684\u5c3c\u91c7\u88ab\u8058\u4e3a\u745e\u58eb\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u53e4\u5178\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u30021879\u5e74\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u804c\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6f2b\u6e38\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u671f\u30021889\u5e74\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4e0d\u88ab\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5c3c\u91c7\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u5fcd\u53d7\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5b64\u72ec\uff0c\u5728\u90fd\u7075\u5927\u8857\u4e0a\u62b1\u4f4f\u4e00\u5339\u6b63\u5728\u53d7\u9a6c\u592b\u8650\u5f85\u7684\u9a6c\u7684\u8116\u5b50\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7406\u667a\u30021900\u5e74\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u4e0e\u4e16\u957f\u8f9e\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7455\u5c81\u3002
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\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u4e45\u4ed6\u968f\u5168\u5bb6\u642c\u5230\u4e86\u5357\u5821(Naumburg)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c3c\u91c7\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5fd8\u8bb0\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u65e9\u5df2\u523b\u5165\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u7236\u4eb2\u4e3a\u699c\u6837\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u65f6\u5e38\u7ed9\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u6717\u8bf5\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5c0f\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7236\u4eb2\u8fc7\u65e9\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4fe1\u6559\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u4eec(\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u3001\u59b9\u59b9\u3001\u7956\u6bcd\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u59d1\u59d1)\u56e2\u56e2\u56f4\u4f4f\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u628a\u4ed6\u5a07\u60ef\u5f97\u8106\u5f31\u800c\u654f\u611f\u3002\u5728\u5c3c\u91c7\u7684\u6210\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u7ec8\u751f\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u672c\u8272\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u77f3\u96d5\u4e00\u822c\u7eaf\u6734\u3002
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\u3000\u30001864\u5e74\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u675c\u68ee(Paul Deussen)\u8fdb\u5165\u6ce2\u6069\u5927\u5b66\u653b\u8bfb\u795e\u5b66\u548c\u53e4\u5178\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b66\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u518d\u5b66\u4e60\u795e\u5b66\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u5e38\u542c\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6beb\u65e0\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u6fc0\u60c5\u5730\u91cd\u590d\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u3001\u8d39\u5e0c\u7269\u3001\u8c22\u6797\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u6fc0\u53d1\u4eba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u5b9e\u8bc1\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u9605\u8bfb\u798f\u683c\u7279\u548c\u6bd4\u5e0c\u7eb3\u7684\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6ca1\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u5c3c\u91c7\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u8bd7\u4eba\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6fc0\u60c5\u3001\u8d85\u5e38\u548c\u5177\u6709\u795e\u79d8\u6027\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u518d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u4e0e\u51b7\u9759\u3002\u5c3c\u91c7\u5728\u4fee\u517b\u548c\u6c14\u8d28\u4e0a\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5e73\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4ece\u6ca1\u60f3\u8fc7\u8981\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5b81\u8212\u9002\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6709\u8282\u5236\u7684\u6b22\u4e50\u548c\u75db\u82e6\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u601c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7406\u60f3\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5c3c\u91c7\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u559c\u597d\uff0c\u4ed6\u70ed\u7231\u5e0c\u814a\u8bd7\u4eba\uff0c\u559c\u6b22\u5df4\u8d6b\u3001\u8d1d\u591a\u82ac\u548c\u62dc\u4f26\u3002
\u3000\u30001865\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u656c\u7231\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8001\u5e08\u674e\u8c22\u5c14\u601d(F. W. Ritschls)\u5230\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5c3c\u91c7\u867d\u7136\u5e74\u7eaa\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u54f2\u5b66\u6c89\u601d\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9752\u5e74\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u5076\u50cf\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4ece\u6717\u683c\u3001\u65bd\u76ae\u5c14\u3001\u6cf0\u5e0c\u7c73\u52d2\u3001\u675c\u6797\u3001\u54c8\u7279\u66fc\u90a3\u91cc\u6c72\u53d6\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
\u3000\u30001867\u5e74\uff0c23\u5c81\u7684\u5c3c\u91c7\u5e94\u5f81\u5165\u4f0d\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u8fd1\u89c6\u773c\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5be1\u5987\u7684\u72ec\u5b50\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e78\u514d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8428\u591a\u74e6\u548c\u8272\u5f53\u7684\u795e\u5723\u65e5\u5b50\u91cc\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8981\u53bb\u5f53\u5175\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u5728\u884c\u519b\u4e2d\u4ece\u9a6c\u4e0a\u6454\u4e0b\u6765\u626d\u4f24\u4e86\u80f8\u808c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u9000\u5f79\u3002
\u3000\u30001868\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u674e\u8c22\u5c14\u601d\u5411\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u63a8\u8350\u4ed6\uff1a\u201c39\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8fd8\u4ece\u672a\u89c1\u5230\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u50cf\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5c3c\u91c7\u4e00\u6837\u5982\u6b64\u65e9\u719f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u6837\u5e74\u8f7b\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5982\u6b64\u6210\u719f\u2026\u2026\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4fdd\u4f51\u4ed6\u957f\u5bff\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u9884\u8a00\u4ed6\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eca\u5e7424\u5c81\uff0c\u4f53\u683c\u5065\u58ee\uff0c\u7cbe\u529b\u5145\u6c9b\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u8eab\u5fc3\u90fd\u5f88\u987d\u5f3a\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u662f\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521\u8fd9\u91cc\u6574\u4e2a\u9752\u5e74\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u5ba0\u513f\u2026\u2026\u60a8\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u67d0\u79cd\u5947\u8ff9\uff0c\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u5947\u8ff9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u65e2\u53ef\u7231\u53c8\u8c26\u865a\u3002\u201d\u674e\u8c22\u5c14\u601d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u4e16\u95f4\u9884\u8a00\u5c3c\u91c7\u662f\u4f4d\u5929\u624d\u3002
\u3000\u30001869\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u88ab\u8058\u4e3a\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u53e4\u5178\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u662f\u5c3c\u91c7\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u76f8\u5bf9\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u5728\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5e74\u957f\u548c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u745e\u58eb\u8457\u540d\u6587\u5316\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u96c5\u53ef\u5e03•\u6ce2\u514b\u54c8\u7279(Jakob Burckharat)\u30021869\u5e745\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u521d\u6b21\u5230\u745e\u58eb\u5362\u585e\u6069\u57ce\u90ca\u7684\u7279\u5229\u666e\u62dc\u8bbf\u4e86\u534e\u683c\u7eb3\u3002\u540c\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u53d1\u8868\u5c31\u804c\u6f14\u8bf4\uff0c\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u8377\u9a6c\u548c\u53e4\u5178\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u300b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u57ce\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u8d35\u65cf\u5bb6\u7684\u5927\u95e8\u90fd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u655e\u5f00\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u4e0a\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u65b0\u5ba0\u30021870\u5e74\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u88ab\u8058\u4e3a\u6b63\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u4f20\u6765\u4e86\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5f00\u6218\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u4e3b\u52a8\u8981\u6c42\u4e0a\u524d\u7ebf\u3002\u5728\u9014\u7ecf\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u961f\u519b\u5bb9\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u9a91\u5175\u96c4\u8d73\u8d73\u6c14\u6602\u6602\u5730\u7a7f\u57ce\u800c\u8fc7\u3002\u7a81\u7136\u95f4\u5c3c\u91c7\u7684\u7075\u611f\u5982\u6f6e\u6c34\u822c\u6d8c\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u611f\u5230\uff0c\u81f3\u5f3a\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u2018\u751f\u547d\u610f\u5fd7\u2019\u51b3\u4e0d\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8868\u73b0\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u2018\u6218\u6597\u610f\u5fd7\u2019\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u2018\u5f3a\u529b\u610f\u5fd7\u2019\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u2018\u8d85\u5f3a\u529b\u610f\u5fd7\u2019\uff01
\u3000\u30001870\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u91cd\u8fd4\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u575b\u3002\u4ed6\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u5170\u8328•\u5965\u5f17\u5c14\u8d1d\u514b(Franz Overbeck)\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u5f88\u5feb\u6210\u4e3a\u631a\u53cb\u5e76\u5171\u5c45\u4e00\u6240\u4f4f\u5b85\u30021872\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u4e13\u8457\u300a\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u300b(Die Geburt der Tragodie)\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u827a\u672f\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u6d6a\u6f2b\u8272\u5f69\u548c\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5e7c\u7a1a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u53cd\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u6c14\u606f\u3002\u5c3c\u91c7\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c31\u6b64\u6b62\u6b65\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bc5\u7136\u653b\u51fb\u6700\u53d7\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u5178\u8303\u2014\u5927\u536b•\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u62a8\u51fb\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u7c97\u4fd7\u7684\u50b2\u6162\u548c\u611a\u7b28\u7684\u81ea\u5f97\uff1a\u201c\u53f8\u6c64\u8fbe\u66fe\u53d1\u51fa\u5fe0\u544a\uff1a\u6211\u4e00\u6765\u5230\u4e16\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6218\u6597\u3002\u201d\u300a\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u5b9c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u300b(Unzeitgemabe Betrachtungen)\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u53d1\u8868\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f15\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u7247\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u559d\u5f69\u58f0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u7ef4\u62c9\u83ab\u7ef4\u8328\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u5708\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u3002
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\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u4e45\u4ed6\u968f\u5168\u5bb6\u642c\u5230\u4e86\u5357\u5821(Naumburg)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c3c\u91c7\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5fd8\u8bb0\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u65e9\u5df2\u523b\u5165\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u7236\u4eb2\u4e3a\u699c\u6837\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u65f6\u5e38\u7ed9\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u6717\u8bf5\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5c0f\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7236\u4eb2\u8fc7\u65e9\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4fe1\u6559\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u4eec(\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u3001\u59b9\u59b9\u3001\u7956\u6bcd\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u59d1\u59d1)\u56e2\u56e2\u56f4\u4f4f\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u628a\u4ed6\u5a07\u60ef\u5f97\u8106\u5f31\u800c\u654f\u611f\u3002\u5728\u5c3c\u91c7\u7684\u6210\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u7ec8\u751f\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u672c\u8272\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u77f3\u96d5\u4e00\u822c\u7eaf\u6734\u3002
\u3000\u300010\u5c81\u65f6\u4ed6\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u5357\u5821\u6587\u79d1\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u97f3\u4e50\u6781\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u300214\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u666e\u592b\u8fbe\u4e2d\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\u8bfe\u7a0b\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u7684\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f88\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4f1f\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u8bd7\u4eba\u548c\u5267\u4f5c\u5bb6Novalis\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7684\u5b66\u8005Schlegel\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7231\u56fd\u8005\u8d39\u5e0c\u7279\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5c3c\u91c7\u5374\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u5c11\u73a9\u800d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u8fd1\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u7684\u4ed6\u9664\u4e86\u7406\u667a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u7740\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u5916\uff0c\u97f3\u4e50\u548c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u611f\u60c5\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5bc4\u6258\u3002
\u3000\u30001864\u5e74\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u675c\u68ee(Paul Deussen)\u8fdb\u5165\u6ce2\u6069\u5927\u5b66\u653b\u8bfb\u795e\u5b66\u548c\u53e4\u5178\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b66\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u518d\u5b66\u4e60\u795e\u5b66\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u5e38\u542c\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6beb\u65e0\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u6fc0\u60c5\u5730\u91cd\u590d\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u3001\u8d39\u5e0c\u7269\u3001\u8c22\u6797\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u6fc0\u53d1\u4eba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u5b9e\u8bc1\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u9605\u8bfb\u798f\u683c\u7279\u548c\u6bd4\u5e0c\u7eb3\u7684\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6ca1\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u5c3c\u91c7\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u8bd7\u4eba\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6fc0\u60c5\u3001\u8d85\u5e38\u548c\u5177\u6709\u795e\u79d8\u6027\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u518d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u4e0e\u51b7\u9759\u3002\u5c3c\u91c7\u5728\u4fee\u517b\u548c\u6c14\u8d28\u4e0a\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5e73\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4ece\u6ca1\u60f3\u8fc7\u8981\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5b81\u8212\u9002\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6709\u8282\u5236\u7684\u6b22\u4e50\u548c\u75db\u82e6\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u601c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7406\u60f3\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5c3c\u91c7\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u559c\u597d\uff0c\u4ed6\u70ed\u7231\u5e0c\u814a\u8bd7\u4eba\uff0c\u559c\u6b22\u5df4\u8d6b\u3001\u8d1d\u591a\u82ac\u548c\u62dc\u4f26\u3002
\u3000\u30001865\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u656c\u7231\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8001\u5e08\u674e\u8c22\u5c14\u601d(F. W. Ritschls)\u5230\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5c3c\u91c7\u867d\u7136\u5e74\u7eaa\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u54f2\u5b66\u6c89\u601d\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9752\u5e74\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u5076\u50cf\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4ece\u6717\u683c\u3001\u65bd\u76ae\u5c14\u3001\u6cf0\u5e0c\u7c73\u52d2\u3001\u675c\u6797\u3001\u54c8\u7279\u66fc\u90a3\u91cc\u6c72\u53d6\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
\u3000\u30001867\u5e74\uff0c23\u5c81\u7684\u5c3c\u91c7\u5e94\u5f81\u5165\u4f0d\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u8fd1\u89c6\u773c\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5be1\u5987\u7684\u72ec\u5b50\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e78\u514d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8428\u591a\u74e6\u548c\u8272\u5f53\u7684\u795e\u5723\u65e5\u5b50\u91cc\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8981\u53bb\u5f53\u5175\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u5728\u884c\u519b\u4e2d\u4ece\u9a6c\u4e0a\u6454\u4e0b\u6765\u626d\u4f24\u4e86\u80f8\u808c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u9000\u5f79\u3002
\u3000\u30001868\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u674e\u8c22\u5c14\u601d\u5411\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u63a8\u8350\u4ed6\uff1a\u201c39\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8fd8\u4ece\u672a\u89c1\u5230\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u50cf\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5c3c\u91c7\u4e00\u6837\u5982\u6b64\u65e9\u719f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u6837\u5e74\u8f7b\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5982\u6b64\u6210\u719f\u2026\u2026\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4fdd\u4f51\u4ed6\u957f\u5bff\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u9884\u8a00\u4ed6\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eca\u5e7424\u5c81\uff0c\u4f53\u683c\u5065\u58ee\uff0c\u7cbe\u529b\u5145\u6c9b\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u8eab\u5fc3\u90fd\u5f88\u987d\u5f3a\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u662f\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521\u8fd9\u91cc\u6574\u4e2a\u9752\u5e74\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u5ba0\u513f\u2026\u2026\u60a8\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u67d0\u79cd\u5947\u8ff9\uff0c\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u5947\u8ff9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u65e2\u53ef\u7231\u53c8\u8c26\u865a\u3002\u201d\u674e\u8c22\u5c14\u601d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u4e16\u95f4\u9884\u8a00\u5c3c\u91c7\u662f\u4f4d\u5929\u624d\u3002
\u3000\u30001869\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u88ab\u8058\u4e3a\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u53e4\u5178\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u662f\u5c3c\u91c7\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u76f8\u5bf9\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u5728\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5e74\u957f\u548c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u745e\u58eb\u8457\u540d\u6587\u5316\u827a\u672f\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u96c5\u53ef\u5e03•\u6ce2\u514b\u54c8\u7279(Jakob Burckharat)\u30021869\u5e745\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u521d\u6b21\u5230\u745e\u58eb\u5362\u585e\u6069\u57ce\u90ca\u7684\u7279\u5229\u666e\u62dc\u8bbf\u4e86\u534e\u683c\u7eb3\u3002\u540c\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u53d1\u8868\u5c31\u804c\u6f14\u8bf4\uff0c\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u8377\u9a6c\u548c\u53e4\u5178\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u300b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u57ce\u91cc\u6240\u6709\u8d35\u65cf\u5bb6\u7684\u5927\u95e8\u90fd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u655e\u5f00\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u4e0a\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u65b0\u5ba0\u30021870\u5e74\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u88ab\u8058\u4e3a\u6b63\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u4f20\u6765\u4e86\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5f00\u6218\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u4e3b\u52a8\u8981\u6c42\u4e0a\u524d\u7ebf\u3002\u5728\u9014\u7ecf\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u961f\u519b\u5bb9\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u9a91\u5175\u96c4\u8d73\u8d73\u6c14\u6602\u6602\u5730\u7a7f\u57ce\u800c\u8fc7\u3002\u7a81\u7136\u95f4\u5c3c\u91c7\u7684\u7075\u611f\u5982\u6f6e\u6c34\u822c\u6d8c\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u611f\u5230\uff0c\u81f3\u5f3a\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u2018\u751f\u547d\u610f\u5fd7\u2019\u51b3\u4e0d\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8868\u73b0\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u2018\u6218\u6597\u610f\u5fd7\u2019\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u2018\u5f3a\u529b\u610f\u5fd7\u2019\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u2018\u8d85\u5f3a\u529b\u610f\u5fd7\u2019\uff01
\u3000\u30001870\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u91cd\u8fd4\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u575b\u3002\u4ed6\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u5170\u8328•\u5965\u5f17\u5c14\u8d1d\u514b(Franz Overbeck)\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u5f88\u5feb\u6210\u4e3a\u631a\u53cb\u5e76\u5171\u5c45\u4e00\u6240\u4f4f\u5b85\u30021872\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u4e13\u8457\u300a\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u300b(Die Geburt der Tragodie)\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u827a\u672f\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u6d6a\u6f2b\u8272\u5f69\u548c\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5e7c\u7a1a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u53cd\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u6c14\u606f\u3002\u5c3c\u91c7\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c31\u6b64\u6b62\u6b65\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bc5\u7136\u653b\u51fb\u6700\u53d7\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u5178\u8303\u2014\u5927\u536b•\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u62a8\u51fb\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u7c97\u4fd7\u7684\u50b2\u6162\u548c\u611a\u7b28\u7684\u81ea\u5f97\uff1a\u201c\u53f8\u6c64\u8fbe\u66fe\u53d1\u51fa\u5fe0\u544a\uff1a\u6211\u4e00\u6765\u5230\u4e16\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6218\u6597\u3002\u201d\u300a\u60b2\u5267\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u5b9c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u300b(Unzeitgemabe Betrachtungen)\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u53d1\u8868\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f15\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u7247\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u559d\u5f69\u58f0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u7ef4\u62c9\u83ab\u7ef4\u8328\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u5708\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u3002
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绛旓細"濂充汉鎼炲摬瀛︼紝瀵逛簬濂充汉鍜屽摬瀛︿袱鏂归潰閮芥槸鎹熷銆" 杩欐槸鎴戠殑涓鍒欓殢鎰熶腑鐨勮瘽锛屽彂琛ㄤ互鍚庯紝鎷涙潵濂戒簺鎶楄銆傛湁浜鸿矗澶囨垜鍙椾簡钄戣濂充汉鐨鍙旀湰鍗銆 灏奸噰鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝杩欐湭鍏嶅啢鏋夈傝繖鍒欓殢鎰熷啓鍦ㄦ垜璇诲彅鏈崕銆佸凹閲囦箣鍓嶏紝鍙戞槑鏉冨綋灞炴垜銆傚喌涓旀垜鐨 鍑哄彂鐐圭粷闈炶攽瑙嗗コ浜猴紝鎴戝湪杩欏垯闅忔劅涓帴鐫鍐欑殑閭ｅ彞纭槸鐪熷績璇濓細"鑰佸ぉ鐭ラ亾锛...
绛旓細鎸栬嫤灏奸噰 19涓栫邯寰峰浗鍞績涓讳箟鍝插瀹跺凹閲(1844--1900骞)瀵瑰コ鎬鐗瑰埆浠囪,浠栦竴鐢熶笉鎺ヨЕ濂充汉,鏇剧粡杩欐牱璇磋繃:鈥滅敺瀛愬簲鍙楁垬浜夌殑璁粌,濂冲瓙鍒欏簲鍙楀啀鍒涢犳垬澹殑璁粌銆傗濆張璇:鈥滀綘鍒板コ浜洪偅閲屽幓鍚?鍙埆蹇樹簡甯︿笂浣犵殑闉瓙!鈥 鑻卞浗鍝插瀹剁綏绱(1872--1970骞)瀵瑰凹閲囩殑鍝插鏋佷负涓嶆弧,鎸栬嫤浠栬:鈥滃崄涓コ浜,鏈変節涓コ浜轰細浣夸粬...
