有关牛顿的英语介绍 要英汉双译的 主要内容要有关的他的研究成果 谢谢 有关大学物理“牛顿万有引力”或“爱因斯坦相对论”的论文，谢谢...

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\u6765\u81ea\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1 Sir Isaac Newton PRS MP (/ˈnjuːtən/;[9] 25 December 1642 \u2013 20 March 1726/7[1]) was an Englishphysicist and mathematician (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in thescientific revolution. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), first published in 1687, laid the foundations for classical mechanics. Newton made seminal contributions to optics, and he shares credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of calculus.
Newton's Principia formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which dominated scientists' view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. By deriving Kepler's laws of planetary motion from his mathematical description of gravity, and then using the same principles to account for the trajectories of comets, the tides, the precession of the equinoxes, and other phenomena, Newton removed the last doubts about the validity of the heliocentric model of the Solar System. This work also demonstrated that the motion of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies could be described by the same principles. His prediction that Earth should be shaped as an oblate spheroidwas later vindicated by the measurements of Maupertuis, La Condamine, and others, which helped convince most Continental European scientists of the superiority of Newtonian mechanics over the earlier system of Descartes.
Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colours of the visible spectrum. He formulated an empirical law of cooling, studied the speed of sound, and introduced the notion of aNewtonian fluid. In addition to his work on calculus, as a mathematician Newton contributed to the study of power series, generalised the binomial theorem to non-integer exponents, developed a methodfor approximating the roots of a function, and classified most of the cubic plane curves.
Newton was a fellow of Trinity College and the second Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at theUniversity of Cambridge. He was a devout but unorthodox Christian and, unusually for a member of the Cambridge faculty of the day, he refused to take holy orders in the Church of England, perhaps because he privately rejected the doctrine of the Trinity. Beyond his work on the mathematical sciences, Newton dedicated much of his time to the study of biblical chronology and alchemy, but most of his work in those areas remained unpublished until long after his death. In his later life, Newton became president of the Royal Society. Newton served the British government as Warden and Master of
the Royal Mint.

Isaac Newton,a physical scientist ,mathematician and astronomer of Britain.艾萨克·牛顿，英国物理学家兼数学家和天文学家。He was graduated from Oxford University and had been chairman of the Royal Society of Britain.毕业于牛津大学，是英国皇家学会会长。He was one of the initiators of calculous.微积分的创始人之一。The calcuious founded by Newton is a landmark in history of maths.他创立的微积分是数学史上的里程碑。In mechanics ,he founded the three laws of movements which have been the bases of the classical mechanics .在力学上，他创立了作为经典力学基础的运动三定律。He discovered the law of universal gravitation,so he is called Father of Classical Mechanics.发现了万有引力定律，被后人称为经典力学之父。In optics,he discovered that the white light is composed of different tinctorial light.在光学上，他发现了白光是由不同颜色的光复合而成的。His discovering formed the bases of spectral analysis.成为光谱分析的基础。In astronomy,he created the reflecting telescope,and observed the laws of the planet,and thought that the earth isn't regular sphere .在天文学方面，创制了反射式望远镜，观察行星运行规律，提出地球不是正球形。He wrote some works,such as the Mathematics Principle of Natural Philosophy,the Optics,and so on.著有《自然哲学的数学原理》、《光学》等。

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