在电解饱和食盐水的过程中，当阴阳两极共收集到224mL气体(标准状况)时， 理论上可得到氢氧化钠 ( )g
\u5728\u7535\u89e3\u9971\u548c\u98df\u76d0\u6c34\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u9634\u9633\u4e24\u6781\u5171\u6536\u96c6\u5230224mL\u6c14\u4f53(\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5)\u65f6\uff0c \u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0 ( )g0.4g
\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u662fn=V/Vm=0.224/22.4=0.01mol
2NaCl+2H2O=\u901a\u7535=2NaOH+H2\u2191+Cl2\u2191
\u901a\u8fc7\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7684H2\u4e0eCl2\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5H2\u548cCl2\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u90fd\u662f0.01/2=0.005mol
2NaCl+2H2O=\u901a\u7535=2NaOH+H2\u2191+Cl2\u2191
2 1
n 0.005mol
n=0.01mol
NaOH\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u662fm=nM=0.01*40=0.4g
\u4f60\u597d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u662f\u88ab\u8feb\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u9634\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u8377\u603b\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u7b49\u3002\u968f\u7740\u98df\u76d0\u6c34\u7684\u70b9\u89e3\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u6700\u591a\u7684\u662fNa+\u548cOH-\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u8feb\u5f62\u6210NaOH\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u968f\u7740\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u79bb\u5b50\u90fd\u88ab\u6d88\u8017\u6216\u5f62\u6210\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u8feb\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e86\u3002
\u5728\u9971\u548c\u98df\u76d0\u6c34\u4e2d\u6709NaCl\u7535\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u7684Na+\u548cCl-,H2O\u7535\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5c11\u91cfH+\u548cOH-
\u7535\u5b50\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u7531\u8d1f\u6781\u5411\u6b63\u6781\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u7535\u6781\u7684\u8d1f\u6781\u805a\u96c6\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u7684\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u8fc7\u6765\u53d1\u751f\u7535\u79bb\uff0c\u540c\u7406\u7535\u6781\u6b63\u6781\u5927\u91cf\u7535\u5b50\u6d41\u8d70\u5148\u6b63\u7535\u6027\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u8fc7\u6765\u7535\u79bb\u3002
\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u79bb\u987a\u5e8f\u662fCl->OH- \u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u79bb\u987a\u5e8f\u662fH+>Na+
\u9634\u6781\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a 2H+ +2e-=H2\u2191
\u9633\u6781\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a 2Cl- -2e-=Cl2\u2191
\u603b\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a2NaCl + 2H2O =\u7535= 2NaOH + H2\u2191 + Cl2\u2191
\u968f\u7740\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\uff0cH+\u548cCl-\u88ab\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u53d8\u6210H2\u548cCl2 \u3002\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u5927\u91cf\u7684Na+\u548cOH-\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u8feb\u7ed3\u5408\u5f62\u6210NaOH \uff08\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u590d\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u590d\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u4e24\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u5404\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u79bb\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u6c34\u6216\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u79bb\u5b50\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u8feb\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65b0\u7269\u8d28\uff09\u3002
\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002
80 1 1
X 0.005 X= 0.4g
0.4g
绛旓細鐢佃В楗卞拰椋熺洂姘寸殑杩囩▼涓,闃存瀬鍙戠敓杩樺師鍙嶅簲,姘㈢瀛愬緱鐢靛瓙,鐢熸垚姘㈡皵.鑰屾阿绂诲瓙鏄按鐢电鍑虹殑,鍏跺弽搴斿悗鍓╀綑鐨勪负姘㈡哀鏍圭瀛愶紝鍥犳锛岄槾鏋佷骇鐢烵H-銆
绛旓細鐩稿弽鍦ㄩ槼鏋佽浣縉aCl楗卞拰娑蹭腑鐨勭瀛愭斁鐢靛埗鍙朇lO2锛屽彲鐭ユ槸鍏朵腑鐨勬隘绂诲瓙鏀剧數鍙樻垚ClO2锛岃屾隘绂诲瓙鏀剧數鍙樻垚ClO2鐨勮繃绋嬩腑鍏朵腑鐨勫鍑轰簡锛岄氬父婧舵恫涓己澶辩殑姘х敱姘存潵琛ュ厖锛屼粠灏卞彲浠ラ鍑1涓槼鏋佺殑鐢佃В鍙嶅簲鏂圭▼寮忎簡銆傞槾鏋侊細2H+ +2e = H2锛岄槼鏋 Cl- -5e +2H2O =ClO2 +4H+ 锛屽叾涓殑鏁伴噺鍏崇郴(鏍规嵁寰楀け鐢靛瓙瀹堟亽)...
绛旓細涓轰粈涔鐢佃В楗卞拰椋熺洂姘鏃堕槾鏋佷骇鐗╀负姘㈡皵 鍦ㄩ鐩愭按閲屾隘鍖栭挔瀹屽叏鐢电锛屾按鍒嗗瓙鏄井寮辩數绂荤殑锛屽洜鑰屽瓨鍦ㄧ潃Na+銆丠+銆丆l-銆丱H-鍥涚绂诲瓙銆傚嵆锛 NaCl= Na++Cl- H2O =H++OH- 鍦ㄧ數鍦虹殑浣滅敤涓嬶紝甯﹁礋鐢电殑OH-鍜孋l-绉诲悜闃虫瀬锛屽甫姝ｇ數鐨凬a+鍜孒+绉诲悜闃存瀬銆 鍦ㄩ槼鏋侊紝Cl-姣擮H-瀹规槗澶卞幓鐢靛瓙琚哀鍖栨垚姘師瀛愰槾鏋...
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绛旓細2H++2e=H2鈫 (杩樺師鍙嶅簲)H鍦ㄩ槾鏋佷笂涓嶆柇寰楀埌鐢靛瓙鑰岀敓鎴愭阿姘旀斁鍑猴紝鐮村潖浜嗛檮杩戠殑姘寸殑鐢电骞宠 锛屽洜鑰屾按鍒嗗瓙澶ч噺鐢电鎴怘鍜孫H锛屼笖鐢熸垚OH鐨勫揩鎱㈣繙澶т簬鍏跺悜闃虫瀬瀹氬悜杩愬姩鐨勯熺巼銆傚洜姝わ紝闃存瀬闄勮繎鐨凮H澶ч噺澧炲姞锛屼娇婧舵恫涓骇鐢熸阿姘у寲閽狅細OH-+ Na+= NaOH 鎵浠鐢佃В楗卞拰椋熺洂姘寸殑鎬荤殑鍖栧鏂圭▼寮忓彲浠ヨ〃绀哄涓嬶細2NaCl+2...
绛旓細闃虫瀬pH鏈変袱绉嶈鐐:1鐞嗚娲:浠栦滑璁や负姘皵鍏ㄩ儴閫稿嚭,鐢遍槾鏋佹墿鏁ｇ殑OH-浣垮緱PH澧炲ぇ 2銆佸疄璺电悊璁烘淳:浠栦滑璁や负姘皵瑕侀稿嚭,蹇呴』鍏堜娇寰楁按婧舵恫楗卞拰,鍥犳姘皵浼氬拰姘村彂鐢熷皯閲忕殑鍙嶅簲,鏈夌洂閰哥敓鎴愪娇寰桺H鍑忓皬 鍦ㄤ腑瀛︿竴鑸兘鎸夌悊璁烘淳鐨勮鐐,鍚﹀垯闅惧害澶ぇ 渚嬪:鐢佃В姘涓ゆ瀬鎵寰楃殑姘斾綋浣撶Н涓嶆槸2:1 ,鍘熷洜姘ф皵鐨勬憾瑙ｅ害姣旀阿姘斿ぇ...
绛旓細1 L 1 mol?L-1鐨凬a2CO3婧舵恫涓瑿O32-鐨勬暟鐩皬浜嶯A锛屾晠C閿欒锛汥銆佷緷鎹數鏋佸弽搴旂數瀛愯浆绉昏绠楋紝鐢佃В楗卞拰椋熺洂姘达紝褰撻槾鏋佸湪鏍囧噯鐘跺喌涓嬩骇鐢2.24L姘㈡皵锛岀墿璐ㄧ殑閲=2.24L22.4L/mol=0.1mol锛岀數鏋佸弽搴斾负锛2H++2e-=H2鈫戯紝杞Щ鐨勭數瀛愭暟涓0.2 NA锛屾晠D姝ｇ‘锛涙晠閫塁锛...
绛旓細杩欐槸鍥犱负NaCl鏄己鐢佃В璐紝鍦ㄦ憾娑查噷瀹屽叏鐢电锛屾按鏄急鐢佃В璐紝涔熷井寮辩數绂伙紝鍥犳鍦ㄦ憾娑蹭腑瀛樺湪Na+銆丠+銆丆l-銆丱H-鍥涚绂诲瓙銆傚綋鎺ラ氱洿娴佺數婧愬悗锛屽甫璐熺數鐨凮H-鍜孋l-鍚戦槼鏋佺Щ鍔紝甯︽鐢电殑Na+鍜孒+鍚戦槾鏋佺Щ鍔ㄣ傚湪杩欐牱鐨勭數瑙ｆ潯浠朵笅锛孋l-姣擮H-鏇存槗澶卞幓鐢靛瓙锛屽湪闃虫瀬琚哀鍖栨垚姘師瀛愶紝姘師瀛愮粨鍚堟垚姘垎瀛愭斁鍑猴紝...
绛旓細NaCl鏄己鐢佃В璐,鍦ㄦ憾娑查噷瀹屽叏鐢电,鍦ㄦ憾娑蹭腑瀛樺湪Na+銆丠+銆丆l-銆丱H-鍥涚绂诲瓙.褰撴帴閫氱洿娴佺數婧愬悗,甯﹁礋鐢电殑OH-鍜孋l-鍚戦槼鏋佺Щ鍔,甯︽鐢电殑Na+鍜孒+鍚戦槾鏋佺Щ鍔.闃存瀬鍙嶅簲锛2H+锛2e-锛滺2鈫 鐢变簬H+鍦ㄩ槾鏋佷笂涓嶆柇寰楀埌鐢靛瓙鑰岀敓鎴怘2鏀惧嚭,鐮村潖浜嗛檮杩戠殑姘寸殑鐢电骞宠 ,姘村垎瀛愮户缁數绂诲嚭H+鍜孫H-,鎵浠ュ湪闃存瀬鍖...
绛旓細浣犲ソ锛佸湪楗卞拰椋熺洂姘翠腑婊村叆閰氶厼锛屽湪闃存瀬闄勮繎鐪嬪埌婧舵恫鍙樼孩锛屼笖鏈夋棤鑹叉皵浣撲骇鐢 璋㈣阿锛
