求帮写一篇英语讲稿，介绍一位中国的历史人物，要求三分钟左右 有人能帮写一篇两三分钟的请英语演讲稿吗？
\u8dea\u6c42\u5e2e\u5199\u4e00\u7bc71\u520630\u79d2\u7684\u8bb2\u7a3f,\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5510\u4ee3\u81f3\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u8981\u6c421\u520630\u79d2\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u8c22\u8c22\uff01\uff01\u6b66\u5219\u5929\uff08624\u2014705\uff09\uff0c\u540d\u66cc\uff0c\u5e76\u5dde\u6587\u6c34\uff08\u4eca\u5c71\u897f\u6587\u6c34\u4e1c\uff09\u4eba\uff0c\u5510\u9ad8\u5b97\u674e\u6cbb\u7684\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u5510\u4e2d\u5b97\u674e\u663e\u3001\u5510\u777f\u5b97\u674e\u65e6\u4e4b\u6bcd\uff0c\u9ad8\u5b97\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u76f8\u7ee7\u5e9f\u6389\u4e24\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u4e2d\u5b97\u548c\u777f\u5b97\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u4e86\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u6539\u56fd\u53f7\u4e3a\u201c\u5468\u201d\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u6b66\u5468\u201d\u3002\u5979\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e5f\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u524d\u671f\uff0c\u91cd\u7528\u9177\u540f\uff0c\u4e25\u5389\u6253\u51fb\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5143\u8001\u91cd\u81e3\uff0c\u52cb\u8d35\u65e7\u65cf\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u6253\u7834\u5927\u65cf\u63a7\u5236\u653f\u5c40\uff0c\u5784\u65ad\u9ad8\u5b98\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u5b9a\u90fd\u6d1b\u9633\u3002690\u2014705\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\u3002\u4e16\u4eba\u636e\u5176\u5c0a\u53f7\u201c\u5219\u5929\u5927\u5723\u7687\u5e1d\u201d\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6b66\u5219\u5929\uff08\u5219\uff0c\u6cd5\u5219\u4e5f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5219\u4e5f\u3002\u5219\u5929\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u5929\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u5929\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u4e0a\u5929\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff09\u3002\u6027\u5de7\u6167\uff0c\u591a\u6743\u672f\u3002\u5510\u671d\u5f00\u56fd\u529f\u52cb\u6b66\u58eb\u5f5f\u7684\u6b21\u5973\uff0c\u751f\u6bcd\u6768\u6c0f\u662f\u6b66\u58eb\u5f5f\u7684\u7eed\u59bb\uff0c\u9647\u53f3\u5927\u58eb\u65cf\u3001\u968b\u671d\u5bb0\u76f8\u3001\u9042\u5b81\u516c\u6768\u8fbe\u4e4b\u5973\u3002
\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u662f\u5510\u592a\u5b97\u674e\u4e16\u6c11\u7684\u624d\u4eba\uff0c\u5510\u9ad8\u5b97\u674e\u6cbb\u7684\u7687\u540e\u3002\u592a\u5b97\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u5a9a\u5a18\u201d\u3002\u5979\u5728\u534f\u52a9\u9ad8\u5b97\u5904\u7406\u519b\u56fd\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f50\u6301\u671d\u653f\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4eb2\u767b\u5e1d\u4f4d\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u5723\u795e\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u5e9f\u5510\u795a\u4e8e\u4e00\u65e6\uff0c\u6539\u56fd\u53f7\u4e3a\u5468\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7a7a\u524d\u7edd\u540e\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5973\u7687\u3002\u4ece\u5979\u53c2\u4e0e\u671d\u653f\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u5230\u75c5\u79fb\u4e0a\u9633\u5bab\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u6267\u653f\u8fd1\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e0a\u627f\u201c\u8d1e\u89c2\u4e4b\u6cbb\u201d\uff0c\u4e0b\u542f\u201c\u5f00\u5143\u76db\u4e16\u201d\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u8d1e\u89c2\u9057\u98ce\u201d\u5386\u53f2\u529f\u7ee9\uff0c\u662d\u662d\u4e8e\u4e16\u3002\u8bda\u5982\u5b8b\u5e86\u9f84\u5bf9\u5979\u7684\u4e2d\u80af\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1a\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u662f\u201c\u5c01\u5efa\u65f6\u4ee3\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5973\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u201d\u3002
\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5510\u521d\u65b0\u8d35\u663e\u5ba6\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff0c\u663e\u8d6b\u7684\u6743\u52bf\uff0c\u8c6a\u5962\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6ecb\u517b\u4e86\u5979\u65e0\u9650\u91cf\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6b32\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u521d\u5510\u6781\u91cd\u58eb\u65cf\u7684\u95e8\u9600\u4e4b\u98ce\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u6b66\u6c0f\u5eb6\u65cf\u7684\u95e8\u7b2c\uff0c\u4f4e\u5fae\u7684\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u53c8\u4f7f\u5979\u9971\u53d7\u6d41\u4fd7\u7684\u8f7b\u89c6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7518\u57cb\u6ca1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5883\u9047\u4e0e\u906d\u9645\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u523a\u6fc0\u7740\u9752\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6b66\u5219\u5929\uff0c\u9676\u51b6\u4e86\u5979\u72c2\u5984\u5730\u53bb\u8ffd\u9010\u548c\u652b\u53d6\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u552f\u6211\u662f\u4ece\u7684\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u548c\u4ee5\u51b7\u9177\u800c\u4e0d\u62e9\u624b\u6bb5\u5730\u53bb\u62a5\u590d\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u5979\u4ee5\u540e\u4ece\u653f\u4e43\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u5357\u9762\u79f0\u5b64\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u5c24\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5979\u4e00\u751f\u529f\u8fc7\u53c2\u5dee\u7684\u4fee\u517b\u3002\u54c1\u5fb7\u3001\u6027\u683c\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u6839\u6e90\u3002
\u5219\u5929\u81ea\u5e7c\u806a\u6167\u654f\u4fd0\uff0c\u6781\u5584\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u80c6\u8bc6\u8d85\u4eba\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u6df1\u611f\u5979\u662f\u53ef\u9020\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u9042\u6559\u5979\u8bfb\u4e66\u8bc6\u5b57\uff0c\u4f7f\u5979\u901a\u6653\u4e16\u7406\u3002\u53f2\u8f7d\uff0c\u5219\u5929\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u662f\u535a\u89c8\u7fa4\u4e66\uff0c\u535a\u95fb\u5f3a\u8bb0\uff0c\u8bd7\u8bcd\u6b4c\u8d4b\u4e5f\u90fd\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u957f\u4e8e\u4e66\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b57\u6001\u5353\u8366\u4e0d\u7fa4\u3002
\u8d1e\u89c2\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\uff08637\uff09\uff0c14\u5c81\u7684\u6b66\u6c0f\u4ee5\u957f\u76f8\u4fca\u7f8e\uff0c\u5165\u9009\u5bab\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u5c01\u201c\u624d\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u5165\u5bab\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6b66\u6c0f\u884c\u4e8b\u5e72\u7ec3\uff0c\u5584\u89e3\u4eba\u610f\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u59ff\u8272\u5a07\u8273\uff0c\u9887\u5f97\u592a\u5b97\u6b22\u5fc3\uff0c\u9042\u8d50\u53f7\u201c\u5a9a\u5a18\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u5f90\u8d24\u5983\u806a\u6167\u8fc7\u4eba\uff0c\u6b66\u6c0f\u5931\u5ba0\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u624d\u4eba\u6863\u6b21\u5f98\u5f8a\uff0c\u540e\u7ed3\u8bc6\u674e\u6cbb\u3002
\u8d1e\u89c2\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff08649\uff09\uff0c\u592a\u5b97\u6b7b\u53bb\uff0c\u5219\u5929\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u5ad4\u5983\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u957f\u5b89\u611f\u4e1a\u5bfa\u524a\u53d1\u4e3a\u5c3c\u3002\u592a\u5b97\u4e5d\u5b50\u674e\u6cbb\u5373\u4f4d\u540e\uff0c\u56e0\u65e9\u5148\u4e0e\u5219\u5929\u6697\u901a\u6b3e\u66f2\uff0c\u5bf9\u5979\u6781\u6709\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u9042\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f80\u6765\u4e8e\u611f\u4e1a\u5bfa\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\u91cd\u53ec\u5219\u5929\u5165\u5b98\uff0c\u664b\u5c01\u4e3a\u201c\u662d\u4eea\u201d\u3002\u6c38\u5fbd\u516d\u5e74\uff08655\uff09\uff0c\u6781\u53d7\u9ad8\u5b97\u5ba0\u5e78\u7684\u6b66\u5219\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u5bab\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u7a33\u64cd\u80dc\u5238\uff0c\u5e76\u65e5\u4fc3\u9ad8\u5b97\u7acb\u5df1\u4e3a\u540e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7687\u540e\u7684\u5e9f\u7acb\u4e43\u56fd\u4e4b\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u987b\u4e0e\u91cd\u81e3\u4eec\u5546\u5b9a\u3002\u5f53\u9ad8\u5b97\u628a\u5e9f\u7687\u540e\u738b\u6c0f\uff0c\u7acb\u5219\u5929\u4e3a\u7687\u540e\u7684\u6253\u7b97\u5411\u891a\u9042\u826f\u3001\u957f\u5b59\u65e0\u5fcc\u7b49\u5fe0\u8d1e\u91cd\u81e3\u8bf4\u660e\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u906d\u5230\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b66\u6c0f\u51fa\u8eab\u5351\u5fae\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9c\u4e3a\u540e\uff0c\u4e14\u592a\u5b97\u5d29\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u8a00\u201c\u4f73\u513f\u4f73\u5987\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5e9f\u738b\u7687\u540e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9ad8\u5b97\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u7684\u540c\u8c0b\u8bb8\u656c\u5fe0\u4ee5\u53ca\u674e\u4e49\u5e9c\u3001\u7b49\u4e00\u4e9b\u671d\u4e2d\u5978\u4f5e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u540e\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u4eb2\u81ea\u6740\u6b7b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5973\u513f\uff0c\u5ac1\u7978\u738b\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u9ad8\u5b97\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u8fd9\u5e74\u7684\u5341\u6708\u65ad\u7136\u9881\u8bcf\uff0c\u5e9f\u7687\u540e\u738b\u6c0f\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u518c\u7acb\u5219\u5929\u4e3a\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u518c\u7acb\u7687\u540e\u540e\uff0c\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u6b79\u6bd2\u81f3\u6781\uff0c\u5c06\u738b\u7687\u540e\u3001\u8427\u6dd1\u5983\u624b\u811a\u780d\u65ad\uff0c\u9189\u9aa8\u3002
\u5219\u5929\u767b\u4e0a\u7687\u540e\u5b9d\u5ea7\u540e\uff0c\u673a\u667a\u7cbe\u660e\uff0c\u201c\u901a\u6587\u53f2\uff0c\u591a\u6743\u8c0b\u201d\u7684\u957f\u5904\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u957f\u8db3\u7684\u53d1\u6325\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u9ad8\u5b97\u5bf9\u5979\u5ba0\u7231\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u522b\u773c\u76f8\u770b\u3002\u5979\u4ea6\u5229\u7528\u7687\u540e\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u7687\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5df1\u7684\u5ba0\u7231\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u671d\u653f\uff0c \u201c\u767e\u53f8\u594f\u4e8b\uff0c\u65f6\u65f6\u4ee4\u540e\u51b3\u4e4b\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u6c38\u5fbd\u516d\u5e74\uff08655\uff09\u5230\u663e\u5e86\u56db\u5e74\uff08659\uff09\u7684\u4e94\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5979\u5e7f\u5f04\u51a4\u6848\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u68ee\u68ee\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u6e05\u9664\u653f\u654c\uff0c\u8d2c\u5c1a\u4e66\u53f3\u4ec6\u5c04\u8bf8\u9042\u826f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u90c1\u95f7\u800c\u6b7b\uff1b\u9edc\u540c\u4e2d\u4e66\u95e8\u4e0b\u957f\u5b59\u65e0\u5fcc\uff0c\u903c\u5176\u81ea\u7f22\uff1b\u7f62\u514d\u671d\u4e2d\u8bf8\u9042\u826f\u3001\u957f\u5b59\u5143\u5fcc\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u548c\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u626b\u9664\u4e86\u5979\u53c2\u653f\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u8d1e\u89c2\u9057\u98ce\u4e4b\u79f0\u7684\u6c38\u5fbd\u4e4b\u6cbb\u7ed3\u675f\u3002
\u663e\u5e86\u4e94\u5e74\uff08660\uff09\uff0c\u9ad8\u5b97\u674e\u6cbb\u56e0\u60a3\u51e4\u7729\uff0c\u76ee\u4e0d\u80fd\u89c6\uff0c\u9042\u4e0b\u8bcf\u59d4\u6258\u6b66\u540e\u534f\u7406\u653f\u4e8b\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u5219\u5929\u4ece\u53c2\u653f\u6b65\u4eba\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u201c\u9edc\u965f\u751f\u6740\uff0c\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u53e3\uff0c\u5929\u5b50\u62f1\u624b\u800c\u5df2\u201d\uff0c\u4eba\u867d\u5728\u5e55\u540e\uff0c\u5374\u9065\u63a7\u4e86\u671d\u5ef7\u5b9e\u6743\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u9ad8\u5b97\u540e\u6094\uff0c\u56fe\u8c0b\u6536\u56de\u5927\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u5bc6\u4ee4\u4e2d\u4e66\u4f8d\u90ce\u4e0a\u5b98\u4eea\u8349\u8bcf\u5e9f\u540e\u3002\u5c82\u77e5\u673a\u4e8b\u4e0d\u5bc6\uff0c \u201c\u8c0b\u6cc4\u4e0d\u679c\u201d\uff0c\u6b66\u540e\u624b\u8fa3\u5fc3\u72e0\uff0c\u5148\u4e0b\u624b\u4e3a\u5f3a\uff0c\u7acb\u5c06\u4e0a\u5b98\u4eea\u5904\u6b7b\u3002\u9ad8\u5b97\u4e4b\u4e3e\uff0c\u529f\u4e8f\u4e00\u7bd1\uff0c\u53cd\u4f7f\u6b66\u540e\u66f4\u4e3a\u8b66\u89c9\u3002
\u6b66\u5219\u5929\uff0c\u957f\u5b50\u674e\u5f18\u56e0\u75c5\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u6b21\u5b50\u674e\u8d24\uff08\u636e\u8bf4\u662f\u9ad8\u5b97\u4e0e\u6b66\u540e\u80de\u59d0\u97e9\u56fd\u592b\u4eba\u6240\u751f\uff09\u88ab\u6d41\u653e\uff08\u6740\u5bb3\uff09\uff0c\u4e09\u5b50\u88ab\u5e9f\uff0c\u56db\u5b50\u5f85\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u767b\u57fa\u540e\uff0c\u6539\u540d\u6b66\u8f6e\u3002
\u9ad8\u5b97\u867d\u538c\u5176\u72ec\u884c\u72ec\u65ad\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u4e8b\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u501a\u91cd\u5979\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5c31\u4f7f\u6b66\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u4ece\u5e55\u540e\u8d70\u5411\u524d\u53f0\uff0c\u7adf\u4e0e\u9ad8\u5b97\u540c\u4e34\u7d2b\u5bb8\u6bbf\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u63a5\u53d7\u7fa4\u81e3\u671d\u62dc\u3002\u4e0a\u5143\u5143\u5e74\uff08674\uff09\uff0c\u9ad8\u5b97\u53f7\u5929\u7687\uff0c\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u4eba\u8c13\u4e4b\u201c\u4e8c\u5723\u201d\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u9ad8\u5b97\u5f62\u540c\u865a\u8bbe\uff0c\u5510\u671d\u6743\u67c4\uff0c\u5c3d\u5728\u6b66\u540e\u5219\u5929\u638c\u63e1\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002
\u4ece\u4e0a\u5143\u5143\u5e74\uff08674\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5929\u4ee5\u201c\u5929\u540e\u201d\u4e4b\u5c0a\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u81f3\u5929\u6388\u5143\u5e74\uff08690\uff09\u6b63\u5f0f\u79f0\u5e1d\u768416\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b66\u6c0f\u4e3a\u5f53\u7687\u5e1d\u505a\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6709\u529b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u738b\u4f4d\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0a\uff0c\u9ad8\u5b97\u60f3\u7985\u4f4d\u4e8e\u957f\u5b50\u674e\u5f18\u3002\u6b66\u540e\u5219\u4e0d\u5ff5\u6bcd\u5b50\u4e4b\u60c5\uff0c\u5c06\u674e\u5f18\u6bd2\u6b7b\uff0c\u7acb\u6b21\u5b50\u674e\u8d24\u4e3a\u592a\u5b50\u3002\u674e\u8d24\u88ab\u9ad8\u5b97\u59d4\u4ee5\u4e34\u56fd\u4e4b\u4efb\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u653f\u52a1\u9887\u4e3a\u7cbe\u5e72\uff0c\u6b66\u540e\u5219\u5e9f\u674e\u8d24\u4e3a\u5eb6\u4eba\uff0c\u7acb\u4e09\u5b50\u674e\u663e\u4e3a\u592a\u5b50\u3002\u5f18\u9053\u5143\u5e74\uff08683\uff09\uff0c\u9ad8\u5b97\u5352\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b97\u674e\u663e\u521a\u521a\u7ee7\u4f4d\uff0c\u6b66\u540e\u5219\u4ee5\u7687\u592a\u540e\u540d\u4e49\u4e34\u671d\u79f0\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u4fbf\u5e9f\u6389\u4e2d\u5b97\uff0c\u6539\u5c01\u5e90\u9675\u738b\uff0c\u7acb\u56db\u5b50\u674e\u65e6\u4e3a\u5e1d\uff0c\u662f\u777f\u5b97\u3002\u674e\u663e\u3001\u674e\u65e6\u90fd\u662f\u660f\u5eb8\u65e0\u80fd\u4e4b\u8f88\uff0c\u5728\u7687\u5e1d\u4f4d\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u5080\u5121\uff0c\u5904\u5904\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u6b66\u540e\u3002
\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u300a\u6c0f\u65cf\u5fd7\u300b\u4e3a\u300a\u59d3\u6c0f\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u8fde\u300a\u6c0f\u65cf\u5fd7\u300b\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5217\u5165\u7684\u6b66\u6c0f\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u59d3\u6c0f\u5f55\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5374\u5b9a\u4e3a\u59d3\u6c0f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u95e8\u9600\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6b66\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u73b0\u3002
\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u662f\u53d8\u66f4\u5b98\u540d\uff0c\u6539\u4e1c\u90fd\u6d1b\u9633\u4e3a\u795e\u90fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u767b\u4f4d\u79f0\u5e1d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fc8\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u5411\u4e3e\u56fd\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u5927\u4f4d\u4e00\u7edf\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u6b66\u540e\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u653f\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u906d\u5230\u7687\u65cf\u674e\u6c0f\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u58eb\u65cf\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u67f3\u5dde\u523a\u53f2\uff0c\u5510\u521d\u5143\u52cb\u5f90\u4e16\u7ee9\u4e4b\u540e\u5f90\u656c\u4e1a\uff0c\u53ec\u5341\u6570\u4e07\u5175\u9a6c\u7387\u5148\u4e8e\u626c\u5dde\u53d1\u96be\uff0c\u540d\u8457\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u300a\u8ba8\u6b66\u66cc\u6a84\u300b\uff0c\u904d\u6492\u57df\u4e2d\u3002\u5b97\u5ba4\u7405\u73a1\u738b\u674e\u51b2\u5728\u535a\u5dde\uff0c\u8d8a\u738b\u674e\u8d1e\u5728\u8c6b\u5dde\u4e5f\u76f8\u7ee7\u53cd\u6b66\uff0c\u4e3e\u5175\u8ba8\u4f10\u3002\u5219\u5929\u6b66\u540e\u5bf9\u6b64\u6beb\u4e0d\u624b\u8f6f\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u5728\u5979\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u6325\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53db\u4e71\u5f88\u5feb\u5e73\u606f\uff0c\u5f90\u656c\u4e1a\u3001\u674e\u51b2\u3001\u674e\u8d1e\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u96be\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u6b7b\u4e8e\u6218\u573a\uff0c\u6216\u88ab\u6355\u6740\uff0c\u65e0\u4e00\u5e78\u514d\u3002
\u6050\u6016\u7684\u65a9\u6740\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u682a\u8fde\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5730\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6b66\u540e\u7684\u51b7\u9177\u679c\u65ad\u3002
\u516c\u5143690\u5e74\uff0c\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eb2\u4e34\u5e1d\u4f4d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u5148\u501f\u4f5b\u50e7\u6cd5\u660e\u4e4b\u53e3\uff0c\u5e7f\u9020\u8206\u8bba\uff1a\u201c\u6b66\u540e\u4e3a\u5f25\u52d2\u4f5b\u8f6c\u751f\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u5510\u4e3a\u5929\u5b50\u3002\u201d\u63a5\u7740\u53c8\u4e00\u624b\u5bfc\u6f14\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u5510\u777f\u5b97\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u516d\u4e07\u81e3\u6c11\u4e0a\u8868\u529d\u8fdb\uff0c\u8bf7\u6539\u56fd\u53f7\u7684\u58ee\u4e3e\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6c34\u5230\u6e20\u6210\uff0c\u5219\u5929\u6b66\u540e\u5728\u201c\u4e0a\u5c0a\u5929\u793a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u987a\u4ece\u4f17\u8bae\u201d\u7684\u201c\u4e07\u5c81\u201d\u58f0\u4e2d\uff0c\u767b\u4e34\u5927\u5b9d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u68a6\u5bd0\u4ee5\u6c42\u7684\u5919\u613f\uff0c\u6539\u5510\u4e3a\u201c\u5468\u201d\uff0c\u81ea\u53f7\u201c\u5723\u795e\u7687\u5e1d\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u5df2\u662f67\u5c81\u7684\u9ad8\u9f84\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u5728\u79f0\u5e1d\u524d\u4e09\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u53c2\u653f\u6267\u653f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8c0b\u7565\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u79f0\u5e1d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u5730\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5979\u5728\u7528\u4eba\u3001\u5904\u4e8b\u3001\u6cbb\u56fd\u7b49\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u624d\u80fd\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u6c14\u9b44\u3002
\u5219\u5929\u79f0\u5e1d\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u89c6\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u9009\u62d4\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u4e5d\u57df\u4e4b\u5e7f\uff0c\u5c82\u4e00\u4eba\u4e4b\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u5fc5\u4f2b\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u5171\u6210\u7fbd\u7ffc\u201d\u3002\u51e1\u80fd\u201c\u5b89\u90a6\u56fd\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b9a\u8fb9\u7586\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u5979\u4e0d\u8ba1\u95e8\u7b2c\uff0c\u4e0d\u62d8\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u4e00\u5f8b\u91cf\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e7f\u63fd\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u5979\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u968b\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u653e\u624b\u62db\u8d24\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u81ea\u4e3e\u4e3a\u5b98\u3001\u8bd5\u5b98\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7acb\u5458\u5916\u5b98\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5979\u8fd8\u9996\u521b\u4e86\u6bbf\u8bd5\u548c\u6b66\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e3a\u66f4\u591a\u66f4\u5e7f\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u641c\u7f57\u4eba\u624d\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e2d\u5510\u540d\u5c06\u90ed\u5b50\u4eea\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u6b66\u4e3e\u5f02\u7b49\u51fa\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5979\u65bd\u653f\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u91cc\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u201c\u6587\u4f3c\u4ec1\u6770\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6b66\u7c7b\u4f11\u6b66\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u81e3\u5e72\u5c06\u4e3a\u5176\u6548\u547d\uff0c\u6709\u529b\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u7740\u6b66\u5468\u7684\u653f\u6743\u3002
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5219\u5929\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5efa\u56fd\u4e4b\u672c\uff0c\u5fc5\u5728\u52a1\u519c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u52a1\u519c\u5219\u7530\u57a6\uff0c\u7530\u57a6\u5219\u7c9f\u591a\uff0c\u7c9f\u591a\u5219\u4eba\u5bcc\u201d\u3002\u5979\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u201c\u7530\u7574\u57a6\u8f9f\uff0c\u5bb6\u6709\u4f59\u7cae\u201d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u5347\u4efb\uff1b\u201c\u4e3a\u653f\u82db\u6ee5\uff0c\u6237\u53e3\u6d41\u79fb\u201d\u7684\u201c\u8f7b\u8005\u8d2c\u5b98\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u975e\u65f6\u89e3\u66ff\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5979\u6267\u653f\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u91cc\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u6c38\u5fbd\u65f6\u5168\u56fd\u6237\u6570\u4e3a380\u4e07\u6237\uff0c\u5230\u5219\u5929\u4e34\u7ec8\u7684\u795e\u9f99\u5143\u5e74\uff0c\u6e10\u589e\u4e3a615\u4e07\u6237\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u589e\u957f\u4e00\u500d\u3002\u4ec5\u6b64\u4e00\u70b9\u5373\u53ef\u770b\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\u5728\u6297\u51fb\u5916\u6765\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fb9\u5883\u5b89\u5b81\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u76f8\u90bb\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5219\u5929\u65bd\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u5410\u8543\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u548c\u9a9a\u6270\uff0c\u5219\u5929\u7ed9\u4e88\u575a\u51b3\u7684\u62b5\u5fa1\u548c\u53cd\u51fb\u3002\u957f\u5bff\u4e8c\u5e74\uff08692\uff09\u5979\u6d3e\u5927\u5c06\u738b\u5b5d\u6770\u51fb\u8d25\u5410\u8543\uff0c\u6536\u590d\u5b89\u897f\u56db\u9547\uff0c\u590d\u7f6e\u5b89\u897f\u90fd\u62a4\u5e9c\u4e8e\u9f9f\u5179\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u5ead\u5dde\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5317\u5ead\u90fd\u62a4\u5e9c\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u897f\u5317\u8fb9\u9632\uff0c\u6253\u901a\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea6\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u901a\u5411\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u201c\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5979\u65bd\u653f\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u91cc\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u8fb9\u519b\u5c6f\u7530\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5929\u6388\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5a04\u5e08\u5fb7\u68c0\u6821\u4e30\u5dde\u90fd\u7763\u201c\u5c6f\u7530\u79ef\u8c37\u6570\u767e\u4e07\uff0c\u5175\u4ee5\u9976\u7ed9\u201d\u3002\u5927\u8db3\u5143\u5e74\uff08701\uff09\uff0c\u90ed\u5143\u632f\u4efb\u51c9\u5dde\u90fd\u7763\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u5c6f\u7530\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u519b\u7cae\u53ef\u652f\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u201d\u3002\u6b66\u6c0f\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5c6f\u7530\u3002\u5bf9\u8fb9\u533a\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u51cf\u8f7b\u4eba\u6c11\u8f6c\u8f93\u4e4b\u52b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de9\u56fa\u8fb9\u9632\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u6b66\u66cc\u638c\u6743\u8fd1\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8fc7\u5931\u3002\u5979\u91cd\u7528\u9177\u540f\uff0c\u5956\u52b1\u544a\u5bc6\u3002\u4f7f\u4e0d\u5c11\u6c61\u540f\u6a2a\u884c\u4e00\u65f6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5211\u8baf\u903c\u4f9b\uff0c\u6ee5\u6740\u65e0\u8f9c\uff0c\u8bec\u9677\u4e8e\u4eba\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e0d\u5c11\u6587\u81e3\u6b66\u5c06\u8499\u53d7\u4e0d\u767d\u4e4b\u51a4\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u6b66\u5468\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5de9\u56fa\u8d77\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u641e\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u6fc0\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u81ea\u5371\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5979\u653e\u624b\u9009\u5b98\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u56e2\u6025\u5267\u3002\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u52a0\u91cd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u5979\u665a\u5e74\u597d\u5927\u559c\u529f\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5962\u9761\uff0c\u8017\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u8d22\u8d44\u548c\u52b3\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u5ef6\u7f13\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u8fc7\u5931\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u7684\u652f\u6d41\u3002\u5979\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5973\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6392\u9664\u4e07\u96be\uff0c\u5728\u7edf\u6cbb\u957f\u8fbe\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0a\u627f\u201c\u8d1e\u89c2\u4e4b\u6cbb\u201d\uff0c\u4e0b\u542f\u201c\u5f00\u5143\u76db\u4e16\u201d\uff0c\u9769\u9664\u65f6\u5f0a\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u79d1\u4e3e\uff0c\u7834\u9664\u95e8\u9600\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u62d8\u4e00\u683c\u4efb\u7528\u8d24\u624d\uff0c\u987a\u5e94\u5386\u53f2\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u5927\u5200\u9614\u65a7\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u529f\u7ee9\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u529f\u8fc7\u53c2\u534a\u3002\u5979\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u529f\u8fc7\uff0c\u6070\u5982\u5979\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7acb\u4e0b\u7684\u90a3\u5757\u201c\u65e0\u5b57\u7891\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u53bb\u4f5c\u51fa\u8bc4\u8bba\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u3002
705\u5e74\uff0c\u5bb0\u76f8\u5f20\u67ec\u4e4b\u4e58\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u5e74\u8001\u75c5\u5371\uff0c\u62e5\u7acb\u4e2d\u5b97\u590d\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c0a\u6b66\u6c0f\u4e3a\u201c\u5219\u5929\u5927\u5723\u7687\u5e1d\u201d\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u51ac\uff0c\u6b66\u6c0f\u6b7b\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7482\u5c81\uff0c\u9057\u8bcf\u201c\u53bb\u5e1d\u53f7\uff0c\u79f0\u5219\u5929\u5927\u5723\u7687\u540e\u3002\u201d\u674e\u767d\u628a\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u5217\u4e3a\u5510\u671d\u201c\u4e03\u5723\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\u636e\u6797\u8bed\u5802\u5148\u751f\u300a\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u6b63\u4f20\u300b\uff0c\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u4e00\u751f\u5171\u8c0b\u6740\u4e86\u4e5d\u5341\u4e09\u4eba\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u53d7\u5230\u682a\u8fde\u7684\u4eb2\u5c5e\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eb2\u4eba\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u4eba\uff0c\u5510\u5b97\u5ba4\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u4eba\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u5927\u81e3\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u4eba\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u8d70\u72d7\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u8be5\u6b7b\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u51a4\u6848\uff1b\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u786e\u4e3a\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u6240\u5bb3\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u522b\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b66\u5219\u5929\u7684\u8bec\u9677\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b14\u8d26\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u7559\u7ed9\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6162\u6162\u53bb\u7b97\u4e86\u3002
Science and art are the obverse and reverse of Nature's medal; the one expressing the eternal order of things, in terms of feeling, the other in terms of thought.
Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Galileo\u2019s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic church or poet William Blake\u2019s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.
Until recently the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics--but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked \u201canti-science\u201d in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.
Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as \u201cThe Flight from Science and Reason,\u201d held in New York City in 1995, and \u201cScience in the Age of (Mis) information,\u201d which assembled last June near Buffalo.
Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science\u2019s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview
By Kevin
Mar, 20, 2005
1 Introduction
Emperor Gaozu, also known under the name Liu Bang, was the first emperor of the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 24 AD). He was born into a peasant family in Pei (present Pei County in Jiangsu Province), and was once one of the leaders of the peasant insurrections in the late Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC).1
Having suffered a lot under the despotic rule, Liu Bang rose against it at the end of the Qin Dynasty together with Xiang Yu. The two of them became two important leaders of the peasant uprisings which were taking place at the time. In 206 BC, Liu Bang started by breaking the capital city of Qin, Xianyang, thus putting an end to the notorious Qin Dynasty. He abandoned the harsh laws, reduced taxes and instituted three regulations in order to protect the interests of normal people. These actions made him popular with the people.
However, Liu Bang's actions and fame were the source of Xiang Yu's envy. Xiang Yu had the intention of becoming an emperor with control over the entire country. When Xiang Yu proclaimed himself the King of Chu, Liu Bang realized that he was inferior to Xiangyu and adopted the suggestions of Xiaohe to move to Hanzhong (present Hanzhong in Shaanxi Province) with the title "King of Han" which was conferred by Xiangyu. In Hanzhong, Liu Bang focused his efforts on developing the agriculture and training an army, through which he reinforced his material accumulation and military power. Before long, Liu Bang left Hanzhong and stationed in the Central Shanxi Plain, where he launched a war now known as the Chu-Han War, against Xiangyu. The war lasted four years (206 - 202 BC) and ended with Liu Bang's victory. Having defeated Xiangyu, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty in 202 BC and made Chang'an (present city of Xian) his capital city. Liu Bang became historically known as Emperor Gaozu.
During the time Liu Bang was in power, he continued to use the centralism created by Qin, replaced original vassals and granted lands to his relatives. In economy, he reduced taxes and developed agriculture, but he restricted the commerce. Emperor Gaozu's efforts laid a solid foundation for the over four-hundred-year reign of the Han Dynasty.
2 What qualifications make him a leader?
Liu Bang is broad-minded man, and well known for his generosity and willingness to help others. He was not good at fighting in the battle field or planning the strategy. But he knew his followers clearly, and appointed them to the most suitable positions and gave them the power they need.
On the contrary, His most formidable opponent, a general named Xiang YU, is arrogant and blindness to men of ability. Xiang Yu can invite anyone he wanted to his camps, but he was stingy in rewards. When rewards came, Liu Bang would give people their fair share. Thus, many people went to Xiang Yu in the beginning, but left for Liu Bang. This allowed Liu Bang to win.
Xiang Yu had a reputation for courage and magnanimity, but he was incapable of employing wise generals; when someone did render service he hesitated to compensate him with a fief. Instead he awarded his favorites. With this he was sowing the seeds of his destruction.
For example, Han Xin, one of the most important general of Liu Bang, had been an officer under Xiang Yu. Disappointed because his plans were rejected, Han Xin left Xiang Yu and joined Liu Bang's camp. Liu Bang chose an auspicious day, an altar was built, and to the roll of drums Han Xin was presented with the seal and certificate giving him power over the army. Then he directed the troops to defeat Xiang Yu. Further more, Ying Bu and Peng Yue, who were both powerful warlord, left Xiang Yu and joined Liu Bang, causing Xiang Yu to lose his power in the east.
In a word, Liu Bang was not a good fighter, but a good leader; while Xiang Yu was a great honorable fighter but he wasn't a great leader.
3 what challenges did he confront, and how did he overcome these challenges?
The biggest challenge that Liu Bang confronted is the war against Xiang Yu. At that time, Liu Bang is inferior to Xiang Yu. He knew clearly that if he fights with Xiang Yu face to face. So he followed the order of Xiang Yu and retreated to a remote countryside and fostered his strength secretly. In order to gain the trust of Xiang Yu, he even burn the only way from the area he ruled to the outside, meaning that he will not go out and fight again. The trick worked, and Xiang Yu didn’t pay any attention to him anymore. Then he focused his efforts on developing new agricultural methods for the people and trained his troops. He accumulated vast wealth and used it to increase his military power. When he was ready, he marched out and defeat Xiang Yu four years later. From the example we can see that he is a good leader because he knows the situation clearly and makes the right strategic decision.
4 Leadership style
There are many kinds of leadership styles. Two of the most extreme kinds are the autocrat and the democratic method. The leadership style should adjust to the particular circumstance. Even within the same organization, the situation could change from time to time, and the leadership style should change accordingly. We can see clearly from the example of Leonard D Schaeffer, who is the CEO of Blue Cross of California. His leadership style changed from autocratic to participative and to a reformer according to the internal and external of the organization.2 Liu Bang did do, too. When he was fighting against Qin Dynasty and Xiang Yu, he was a participative leader. He trusted his followers and appointed them to the best position. He just made some important decisions. He knows the importance of letting go.
When he became the emperor, his leadership style changed to autocratic. He didn’t trust his followers as much as he did before. He was always afraid that those people will betray him and rebel. So he seized the power to himself and became an autocratic leader. Routing loyal generals from his fiefdoms and replaced them with his own relatives.3 He tried to make every decision, big or small. And he was so afraid of the rebel and arrested and killed many of his faithful followers, which sowed the seed of the collapse of the empire.
5 What lessons can we learn form him?
There are three lessons we can learn from him.
Firstly, a good leader should know his followers very well and make the best of their abilities. The leader can’t be, and shouldn’t be, an expert in everything. He should know the strongpoint and shortcoming of his followers and give them the best position suitable for them.
Secondly, a good leader should be fare to his followers. He should encourage the good people and punish the bad ones according to their performance, not to his own will. If he fails to do so, the good ones will lose the impetus and the bad ones will remain bad. The moral of the team will drop dramatically.
Lastly, a good leader should learn to deal with crisis. Before a crisis, a good leader is extremely important. If he stays calm and made some right decision, the group will stay calm and run effectively. If not, the group will malfunction and much loss will occur. Just as Jeffrey W. Greenberg said in the article “September 11, 2001, a CEO’s Story”, “In a time of crisis, there is something reassuring about hearing the voice of a person in a position of authority, even if the information being provided is scant.” 4Liu Bang did well. Once upon a time in a battle, he was shot by an arrow in the chest and fell down the horse. His solders were so nervous and began to panic. He, as a good leader, knew the importance to stay calm before his man, tried to get up and pretend nothing serious happened. He said: “I was hurt in the toes, no big deal!” The solders got relieved when hearing his words. The situation was under control again. If he fell down and didn’t get up in time, the troop would probably retreat. So, it’s import for a good leader to behave calmly and wisely in a crisis.
The liu bang is a...........
绛旓細鎴戠埍鑻辫锛瀹冪粰浜嗘垜涓涓壊褰╂枒鏂撶殑姊︺傛垜甯屾湜鏈夋湞涓鏃ユ垜鍙互鐣呮父涓栫晫锛岀敤鎴戞祦鍒╃殑鑻辫锛屾垜鍙互鍜屼笘鐣屽悇鍦扮殑浜轰氦鍙嬨傛垜鑳界湅鍒拌澶氱殑鍚嶈儨銆傛垜甯屾湜鎴戣兘澶熷埌浼︽暒鍘伙紝鍥犱负閭ｉ噷鏄嫳璇殑鏁呬埂銆傛垜涔熷笇鏈涚敤鎴戞祦鍒╃殑鑻辫鏉ュ皢鎴戜滑鐨勫悕鑳浠嬬粛缁欒鑻辫鐨勬湅鍙嬶紝鎴戝笇鏈涗粬浠彲浠ュ儚鎴戜滑涓鏍风殑鐖辨垜浠殑鍥藉銆傛垜鐭ラ亾锛岀綏椹...
绛旓細姹備竴绡囪嫳璇紨璁茬,鍙互鏄皬鏁呬簨,涔熷彲浠浠嬬粛瀹朵汉鏈嬪弸銆傛垜鏈濂芥槸甯屾湜鏄竴涓皬鏁呬簨姣斿3鍙皬鐚,灏忕孩甯界瓑绛,鏄ぇ瀹舵墍鐔熺煡鐨勬晠浜嬨傛垜鏄鐪熸鐨勫幓婕旇姣旇禌鐨勩傚崟璇300~450涓惂銆傝嫳璇熀... 姹備竴绡囪嫳璇紨璁茬,鍙互鏄皬鏁呬簨,涔熷彲浠ヤ粙缁嶅浜烘湅鍙嬨傛垜鏈濂芥槸甯屾湜鏄竴涓皬鏁呬簨姣斿3鍙皬鐚,灏忕孩甯界瓑绛,鏄ぇ瀹舵墍鐔熺煡鐨勬晠浜...
绛旓細瑙ｉ鎬濊矾锛氬彲浠ユ妸鑷繁鍦ㄧ┖闂叉椂闂撮噷鍋氱殑浜嬫儏鍐欏嚭鏉ワ紝娉ㄦ剰鍐欒嫳璇浣滄枃鏃讹紝瑕佹敞鎰忔椂鎬侊紝鍗曡瘝涓嶈鍐欓敊锛岃寖鏂囧涓嬶細As a middle school student, I don't have much free time, but I still have a lot of things to do.浣滀负涓鍚嶄腑瀛︾敓锛屾垜娌℃湁寰堝鑷敱鏃堕棿锛屼絾鏄垜浠嶇劧鏈夊緢澶氫簨鎯呰鍋氥侷 like listening...
绛旓細鍦ㄥ墠闈㈢殑鍑犳鑰冭瘯涓紝鎴戦兘鑾峰緱浜嗕笉閿欑殑鎴愮哗锛岃繖涓鍒囬鍏堣褰掑姛浜庢垜鐨勫姫鍔涳紝褰撶劧瀛︿範鏂瑰紡涔熸槸闈炲父閲嶈鐨勩傛帴涓嬫潵鎴戠粰鍚勪綅浠嬬粛涓涓嬫垜鐨勫涔犵粡楠屻傜涓鎴戣寰楄鎯冲涔犲ソ鍏堝緱瀵瑰涔犳劅鍏磋叮銆備織璇濊锛氣滃叴瓒ｅ氨鏄渶濂界殑鑰佸笀銆傗濇湁浜嗗叴瓒ｆ墠浼氬瀛︿範鏈夊姩鍔涳紝鑷劧浼氳秺瀛﹁秺濂姐傜浜岋紝瑕佹兂鎼炲ソ瀛︿範锛屽繀椤绘帉鎻″ソ...
绛旓細Hello, everyone!I鈥檓 a girL(boy)l. I鈥檓 pretty! My name is guoxixi. I鈥檓 11. I鈥檓 from Huchuan primary school. I鈥檓 in Class2, Grade 5. I like animals: rabbit, panda, squirrel and bird. In my spare time. I like listening to music and reading. I think book is ...
绛旓細well. I love my family and my school . I am eager to make great achievements with my study and make friends with you all of you.鑰佸笀浠紝鍚屽浠紝鏃╀笂锛堜笅鍗堬級濂姐傛垜鏄檲娑涖11宀侊紝鎿呴暱鑻辫锛堟暟瀛︼級锛岃繕鏈夌數鑴戞父鎴忋傛垜鐖辨垜鐨勫鍜屾垜鐨勫鏍°傛垜鍗佸垎娓存湜瀛︿範杩涙锛屾効鎰忓拰澶у浜ゆ湅鍙嬨
绛旓細姹備竴绡囦粙缁姝屾墜鏉ㄥ潳鐨鑻辫婕旇绋 鎴戞潵绛 棣栭〉 鍦ㄩ棶 鍏ㄩ儴闂 濞变箰浼戦棽 娓告垙 鏃呮父 鏁欒偛鍩硅 閲戣瀺璐㈢粡 鍖荤枟鍋ュ悍 绉戞妧 瀹剁數鏁扮爜 鏀跨瓥娉曡 鏂囧寲鍘嗗彶 鏃跺皻缇庡 鎯呮劅蹇冪悊 姹借溅 鐢熸椿 鑱屼笟 姣嶅┐ 涓夊啘 浜掕仈缃 鐢熶骇鍒堕 鍏朵粬 鏃ユ姤 鏃ユ姤绮鹃 鏃ユ姤骞垮満 鐢ㄦ埛 璁よ瘉鐢ㄦ埛 瑙嗛浣滆 ...
绛旓細鏈夋病鏈夋湅鍙嬭兘甯垜鍐欎竴绡囪嫳璇紨璁绋 瑕佹眰:500瀛椾互鍐,楂樹簩姘村钩,5鍒嗛挓鍐呭彲浠ヨ瀹岀殑婕旇绋块鐩:TheunusualcircumstancesofmylifeorThebookthathasaffectedmelost.娉ㄦ剰:鏈濂藉湪10鏈28鏃ュ墠鑳界粰浠ョ瓟澶,鎴戝湪杩欏厛璇磋阿璋簡!... 瑕佹眰:500瀛椾互鍐,楂樹簩姘村钩,5鍒嗛挓鍐呭彲浠ヨ瀹岀殑婕旇绋块鐩:The unusual circumstances of my life ...
绛旓細杩欐槸浠ュ墠甯皬濡瑰啓鐨勶紝涓嶇煡浣犺兘鐢ㄤ笂涓嶏紵璇锋寚姝 Ladies and gentlemen,Good morning!It鈥檚 my great honor to be here, and I鈥檓 very happy to see you all! Thank you for being here. What I'm going to talk about is Courage 鈥斺 A Weapon To Defeat Death.Do you want to ...
绛旓細鎴栬呰繖涓狪 enter for the coopetition of the represent of the english,because Ilike this work and i feel like doing somethings about english study for my classmates.Of course,i think i hae some advantages over others on one hand,i was the represent of my class in 浣犵殑涓婁竴涓...
