如何用化学方法区别食盐和碳酸氢铵 实验室拟用食盐和碳酸氢铵制备NaHCO3，将所得NaHCO3...
\u98df\u76d0\u4e0e\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94f5\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u697c\u4e3b\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e94\u5728\u9971\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNaCl+NH4HCO3\uff08\u9971\u548c\uff09=NH4Cl+NaHCO3\uff08\u6c89\u6dc0\uff09
\u4e0d\u8fc7\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94f5\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
HCl+NH4HCO3==H2O+CO2\uff08\u6c14\u4f53\uff09+NH4Cl
\uff081\uff09\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94f5\u4e0e\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u572830\u2103\u65f6\u76f8\u5dee\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u6790\u51fa\uff0c\u82e5\u6e29\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4f4e\uff0c\u5219\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e8e35\u2103\u65f6NH4HCO3\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u6545\u53cd\u5e94\u6e29\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u572830\uff5e35\u2103\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e3a\u5b9c\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u5728100\u2103\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u6e29\u5ea6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u6052\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u6c34\u6d74\u52a0\u70ed\u6765\u63a7\u5236\uff1b\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a30\uff5e35\u2103\uff1b\u6c34\u6d74\u52a0\u70ed\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u672a\u53cd\u5e94\u5b8c\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u3001\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94f5\u53ca\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u4f1a\u9644\u7740\u5728\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u6676\u4f53\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u7528\u84b8\u998f\u6c34\u6d17\u6da4NaHCO3\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u9664\u53bb\u9644\u7740\u5728\u6676\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u7684NH4+\u3001Cl-\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\u9664\u53bb\u9644\u7740\u5728\u6676\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u7684NH4+\u3001Cl-\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u8fc7\u6ee4\u9664\u53bb\u6790\u51fa\u7684\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u672a\u6790\u51fa\uff0c\u662f\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u7684\u9971\u548c\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u672a\u6790\u51fa\u7684NaCl\u3001NH4Cl\u3001NH4HCO3\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6bcd\u6db2\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\u4e3aNaHCO3\u3001NaCl\u3001NH4Cl\u3001NH4HCO3\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1aNaHCO3\u3001NaCl\u3001NH4Cl\u3001NH4HCO3\uff1bNaHCO3\uff1b\uff084\uff09a\uff0e\u52a0\u5165\u78e8\u7ec6\u7684NH4HCO3\u56fa\u4f53\uff0c\u589e\u5927\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2dHCO3-\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u6eb6\u89e3\u5e73\u8861\u5411\u751f\u6210\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u6790\u51fa\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\uff0c\u6545a\u9519\u8bef\uff1bb\uff0e\u52a0\u5165\u78e8\u7ec6\u7684NaCl\u56fa\u4f53\uff0c\u589e\u5927\u6eb6\u6db2Cl-\u6d53\u5ea6\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6eb6\u89e3\u5e73\u8861\u5411\u751f\u6210\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u6790\u51fa\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\uff0c\u6545b\u6b63\u786e\uff1bc\uff0e\u6e29\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u57280\uff5e10\u2103\u65f6\uff0c\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u7684\u6790\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcd\u6db2\u4e2d\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u4e3a\u9971\u548c\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u4f1a\u6790\u51fa\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\uff0c\u6545c\u9519\u8bef\uff1bd\uff0e\u6e29\u5ea6\u5728100\u2103\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\u6790\u51fa\uff0c\u6545d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1ab\uff1b\uff085\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751fCO32-+H+=HCO3-\uff0c\u52a0\u915a\u915e\u505a\u6307\u793a\u5242\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7531\u7ea2\u8272\u5230\u65e0\u8272\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u53cd\u5e94\u5230\u7ec8\u70b9\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u7532\u57fa\u6a59\u6307\u793a\u5242\uff0c\u6307\u793aHCO3-+H+=CO2+H2O\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\uff0c\u7531\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2dCO32-\u5b8c\u5168\u53cd\u5e94\u6d88\u8017\u76d0\u9178\u4f53\u79ef2V1 mL\uff0c\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u7684\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u53cd\u5e94\u6d88\u8017\u76d0\u9178\u4f53\u79ef\u4e3a\uff08V2-2V1 \uff09mL\uff0c\u6545\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u6d88\u8017\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf=cmol/L\u00d7\uff08V2-2V1\uff09\u00d710-3L=c\u00d7\uff08V2-2V1\uff09\u00d710-3mol\uff0c\u7531\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u6837\u54c1\u4e2dn\uff08NaHCO3\uff09=c\u00d7\uff08V2-2V1\uff09\u00d710-3mol\uff0c\u6545\u6837\u54c1\u4e2d\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570=c\u00d7(V2?2V1)\u00d710?3mol\u00d784g/molW g\u00d7100%=8.4c(V2?2V1)W%\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1aCO32-+H+=HCO3-\uff1b\uff08V2-2V1 \uff09\uff1b8.4c(V2?2V1)W%\uff0e
1.加入稀盐酸，只要有气泡生成的就是碳酸氢铵，另一个是食盐2.加热（当然不能去闻气味，虽然NH3的确有气味），用湿润的红色石蕊试纸，变蓝的就是碳酸氢铵，另一个是食盐
3.电解的方法，有黄绿色气体生成的是食盐，另一个是碳酸氢铵
加入稀盐酸，就可以啦。
冒泡有气体释放出来的并能使澄清石灰水变混浊就是后者。
如果在家里 可以加醋~~~~
加热也可以
加碱，加热，臭的就是后者
绛旓細瀹為獙鏄矖绯欑殑棰楃矑锛岀櫧绯栨墜鎰熸瘮杈冩煍杞紝纰抽吀姘閾垫湁涓绉嶆皑姘旂殑鍒烘縺鎬ф皵鍛
绛旓細鍧囨憾浜庢按 涓嶆憾鐨勬槸闈㈢矇 鍔犵閰搁摱锛屼骇鐢熺櫧鑹叉矇娣锛屼笖涓嶆憾浜庨吀鐨勬槸椋熺洂 鍓╀笅鐨勯偅涓槸纰抽吀姘閾
绛旓細鍏堝皢涓夌婧舵恫鏍囦笂A銆丅銆丆 鍒嗗埆鍙栧皯閲廇銆丅銆丆婧舵恫杩涜涓や袱娣峰悎锛圓+B銆丄+C銆丅+C锛夛紝鑻涓嶢鍜孋娣峰悎閮芥棤鏄庢樉鐜拌薄鍒橞鏄椋熺洂姘 1.鍙栭傞噺A鍜孋婧舵恫锛岀敤鑳跺ご婊寸鍚稿彇A婧舵恫缂撴參婊村叆C婧舵恫涓2.鍙栭傞噺A鍜孋婧舵恫锛岀敤鑳跺ご婊寸鍚稿彇C婧舵恫缂撴參婊村叆A婧舵恫涓傝嫢1涓骇鐢熸皵娉￠熺巼澶т簬2涓殑鍒橝鏄纰抽吀姘閽燙...
绛旓細鏀惧湪钂稿彂鐨块噷鍔犵儹锛屾秷澶变簡鐨勬槸纰抽吀姘閾碉紝鍚戜笉娑堝け鐨勪袱绮夋湯閲屽姞娴撶～閰革紝鍙橀粦浜嗙殑鏄櫧绯栵紝鍓╀笅鐨勫氨鏄椋熺洂鍟
绛旓細鍥炵瓟锛氭湁杩欐牱鍑犵鏂规硶: 1.绾⒈鏄纰抽吀閽,椋熺洂鐨勪富瑕佹垚鍒嗘槸姘寲閽,鎵浠ュ湪涓ょ绮夋湯涓垎鍒姞鍏ヤ竴浜涢唻,鏈夊啋娉＄殑灏辨槸绾⒈鍜綖锝(娉℃场涓轰骇鐢熺殑浜屾哀鍖栫⒊姘斾綋) 2.涓婇潰鏄鍖栧鏂规硶,鐗╃悊鏂规硶鍙互鐢ㄦ墜瑙︽懜鍜屾劅瑙,杩樻湁鐪肩潧瑙傚療灏卞彲浠ヨ鲸鍒簡,椋熺洂鐩稿姣旇緝绮楃硻,鏈夐绮掓劅,绾⒈娌℃湁浠涔堥绮掓劅,寰堟粦,鍍忛潰绮 妤间富瑕佺殑...
绛旓細B銆侀摐涓濈殑棰滆壊涓虹传绾㈣壊锛岃岄搧涓濈殑棰滆壊涓洪摱鐧借壊锛屾墍浠ュ彲鐢ㄨ瀵熼鑹查壌鍒摐涓濆拰閾佷笣锛屾晠B姝ｇ‘锛汣銆侀厭绮惧拰鐧介唻鐨勬皵鍛充笉鍚岋紝鎵浠ュ彲鐢ㄩ椈姘斿懗鍖哄垎閰掔簿涓庣櫧閱嬶紝鏁匔姝ｇ‘锛汥銆纰抽吀姘閾靛彈鐑垎瑙ｇ敓鎴愭皑姘旓紝姘ㄦ皵鍏锋湁鍒烘縺鎬х殑姘斿懗锛岃屾隘鍖栭挔鍙楃儹涓嶅垎瑙ｏ紝鎵浠ュ彲鐢ㄥ姞鐑壌鍒涓殑纰抽吀姘㈤摰鍜椋熺洂锛屾晠D姝ｇ‘锛庢晠閫夛細A锛
绛旓細閫氬父鐘跺喌涓嬶紝姘寲閽犲湪姘翠腑鐨勬憾瑙ｈ兘鍔涙瘮纰抽吀姘閽犲己銆椋熺洂鐨勪富瑕佹垚鍒嗘槸姘寲閽狅紝纰抽吀姘㈤挔淇楃О灏忚嫃鎵擄紝鍏堟潵鐪嬬湅杩欎袱绉嶇墿璐ㄧ殑婧惰В搴﹁〃 浠庤〃涓彲浠ョ湅鍑猴紝姘寲閽犵殑婧惰В搴︽瘮杈冨ぇ銆
绛旓細锛1锛夌⒊閰告阿閽犱織绉板皬鑻忔墦锛屽彲浠ヤ笌閰稿弽搴斾骇鐢熸皵浣擄紝鏁呭彲浠ラ夋嫨鍘ㄦ埧涓殑椋熼唻閴村埆椋熺洂鍜岀⒊閰告阿閽狅紝鏁呭～锛氬皬鑻忔墦锛岄閱嬶紱锛2锛夋嵁鍥惧彲浠ョ煡閬擄紝鑱氳嫰涔欑儻銆佸鏂欏睘浜庢湁鏈哄悎鎴愭潗鏂欙紝閾濆叿鏈夊欢灞曟э紝鍙互灏嗛摑鍧楀姞宸ユ垚閾濈當锛屾晠濉細鈶犫懁锛屽欢灞曟э紱锛3锛夌朝绫冲瘜鍚硸绫伙紝鐦﹁倝銆佽櫨浠佸瘜鍚泲鐧借川锛岄鐩愬睘浜庢棤鏈虹洂锛屾鐗╂补...
绛旓細鏉愭枡锛氬潻鍩氾紝閰掔簿鐏紝娉ヤ笁瑙掞紝閾佹灦鍙帮紝鐜荤拑妫掔瓑绛夈傝繃绋嬶細娉ヤ笁瑙掓斁鍦ㄩ搧鏋跺彴涓;鍧╁煔鏀惧湪娉ヤ笁瑙掍笂;鎶婁笁涓墿鍝佸垎鍒姞鐑備竴锛氭湁鐗规畩姘斿懗鐨纰抽吀姘姘;浜屽彉榛戠殑鏄櫧娌欑硸;涓夛細鏃犳槑鏄惧彉鍖栫殑鏄椋熺洂銆
绛旓細鏈夎繖鏍峰嚑绉嶆柟娉曪細1.绾⒈鏄纰抽吀閽狅紝椋熺洂鐨勪富瑕佹垚鍒嗘槸姘寲閽狅紝鎵浠ュ湪涓ょ绮夋湯涓垎鍒姞鍏ヤ竴浜涢唻锛屾湁鍐掓场鐨勫氨鏄函纰卞挴锝烇綖锛堟场娉′负浜х敓鐨勪簩姘у寲纰虫皵浣擄級2.涓婇潰鏄鍖栧鏂规硶锛岀墿鐞嗘柟娉曞彲浠ョ敤鎵嬭Е鎽稿拰鎰熻锛岃繕鏈夌溂鐫涜瀵熷氨鍙互杈ㄥ埆浜嗭紝椋熺洂鐩稿姣旇緝绮楃硻锛屾湁棰楃矑鎰燂紝绾⒈娌℃湁浠涔堥绮掓劅锛屽緢婊戯紝鍍忛潰绮 妤间富瑕佺殑鏄...
