英语介绍日本的京都 日本京都英文介绍
\u65e5\u672c\u4eac\u90fd\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u82f1\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd!Kyoto (\u4eac\u90fd\u5e02, Ky\u014dto-shi?) listen (help\u00b7info) is a city in the central part of the island of Honsh\u016b, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area.
Although archaeological evidence places the first human settlement on the islands of Japan to approximately 10,000 BC, relatively little is known about human activity in the area before the 6th century AD. During the 8th century, when the powerful Buddhist clergy became involved in the affairs of the Imperial government, the Emperor chose to relocate the capital to a region far from the Buddhist influence. Emperor Kammu selected the village of Uda, at the time in the Kadono district of Yamashito Province, for this honor.[1]
The new city, Heian-ky\u014d (\u5e73\u5b89\u4eac "tranquility and peace capital"), became the seat of Japan's imperial court in 794, beginning the Heian period of Japanese history. Later, the city was renamed Kyoto ("capital city"). Kyoto remained Japan's capital until the transfer of the government to Edo in 1868 at the time of the Imperial Restoration. (Some believe that it is still a legal capital: see Capital of Japan.) After Edo was renamed Tokyo (meaning "Eastern Capital"), Kyoto was known for a short time as Saikyo (\u897f\u4eac Saiky\u014d, meaning "Western Capital").
An obsolete spelling for the city's name is Kioto; it was formerly known to the West as Meaco or Miako (Japanese: \u90fd; miyako "capital"). Another term commonly used to refer to the city in the pre-modern period was Keishi (\u4eac\u5e08), meaning "metropolis" or "capital".
The city suffered extensive destruction in the Ōnin War of 1467-1477, and did not really recover until the mid-16th century. Battles between samurai factions spilled into the streets, and came to involve the court nobility (kuge) and religious factions as well. Nobles' mansions were transformed into fortresses, deep trenches dug throughout the city for defense and as firebreaks, and numerous buildings burned. The city has not seen such widespread destruction since. Although there was some consideration by the United States of targeting Kyoto with an atomic bomb at the end of World War II, in the end it was decided to remove the city from the list of targets due to the "beauty of the city" (See Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), and the city was spared conventional bombing as well.
As a result, Kyoto is the only large Japanese city that still has an abundance of prewar buildings, such as the traditional townhouses known as machiya. However, modernization is continually breaking down the traditional Kyoto in favor of newer architecture, such as the Kyoto Station complex.
Kyoto became a city designated by government ordinance on September 1, 1956. In 1997, Kyoto hosted the conference that resulted in the protocol on greenhouse gas emissions that bears the city's name.
A common English pronunciation of Kyoto has three syllables as /key-oh-toe/ [kʰi'otəʊ]; however, the Japanese pronunciation has only two: [kʲoːto].
\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5,\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003:
Kyoto became the imperial capital in the late eighth century when Emperor Kammu relocated the court from Nara . His first choice was Nagaoka, southwest of today's Kyoto, but a few inauspicious events led the emperor to move again in 794 AD. This time he settled on what was to be known as Heian-kyo , "capital of peace and tranquillity", which he modelled on the Chinese Tang-dynasty capital Chang'an (today's Xi'an). The new city was built on a rectangular grid of streets, symmetrical about a north-south axis, with the Imperial Palace to the north and the main entrance in the south. By the late ninth century the city was already overflowing onto the eastern hills and soon had an estimated population of 500,000. For the aristocrats at least, it was a life of exquisite refinement, characterized by boating parties and poetry-writing competitions, while Japanese arts were evolving their own identity independent of earlier Chinese influences.
From then on the city had a rather roller-coaster ride. In the late twelfth century a fire practically destroyed the whole place, but two centuries later the Ashikaga shoguns were busily building some of the city's finest monuments, among them the Golden and Silver Pavilions (Kinkaku-ji and Ginkaku-ji). Many of the great Zen temples were established at this time and the arts reached new levels of sophistication. Once again, however, almost everything was lost during the Onin Wars (1467-78), which were waged largely within the city over an Ashikaga succession dispute.
Kyoto's knight in shining armour, however, was Toyotomi Hideyoshi , who came to power in 1582 and sponsored a vast rebuilding programme. The Momoyama period , as it's now known, was a golden era of artistic and architectural ostentation epitomized by Kyoto's famous Kano school of artists , who decorated the temples and palaces with their sumptuous, gilded screens. Even when Tokugawa Ieyasu moved the seat of government to Edo (now Tokyo) in 1603, Kyoto remained the imperial capital and stood its ground as the nation's foremost cultural centre. While the new military regime went in for extravagant displays of power, such as the Nijo-jo palace built for Ieyasu but rarely used, the emperor and his cohorts cocked a snook at such lack of taste by developing a talent for superb understatement in their architecture, gardens, arts and even everyday utensils; the rustic simplicity of the tea ceremony also evolved during this period. Undoubtedly, this sudden delight in simplicity was born partly from necessity, but it nevertheless spawned many of the crafts for which Kyoto is now famous.
In 1788 another huge conflagration swept through the city, but worse was to come; in 1868 the new Emperor Meijimoved the court to Tokyo. Kyoto went into shock and the economy foundered - but not for long. In the 1890s a canal was built from Biwa-ko to the city, and Kyoto, like the rest of Japan, embarked on a process of modernization . This has continued to this day - amidst growing controversy in recent years - as Kyoto attempts to catch up with Tokyo and Osaka. Though many traditional wooden houses have been lost to developers, the city narrowly escaped a worse fate. At the end of World War II Kyoto featured high on the list of potential targets for the Atom Bomb, but was famously spared by American Defence Secretary, Henry Stimson, who recognized the city's supreme architectural and historical importance.
\u6709\u5173\u4eac\u90fd\u666f\u70b9\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd:
http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=309
Introduction to Kyoto
If you go to only one place in all of Japan, Kyoto should be it. Not only is it the most historically significant town in the nation, this former capital was also the only major Japanese city spared from the bombs of World War II. As such, it's rife with temples, shrines, imperial palaces, and traditional wooden homes. In nearby Nara, another former capital -- one even more ancient than Kyoto -- is Japan's largest bronze Buddha and more historic temples.
Even though its well-preserved architecture and relics are what put Kyoto on the sightseeing map, I've always felt that its scenes from daily life are what make the city exceptional. Kyoto is home to the nation's greatest concentration of craft artisans, making Kyoto famous for its shops dealing in textiles, dyed fabrics, pottery, bambooware, cutlery, fans, metalwork, umbrellas, and other goods. No wonder Kyoto is also home to 20% of Japan's national treasures.
As your Shinkansen bullet train glides toward Kyoto Station, however, your first reaction is likely to be great disappointment. There's Kyoto Tower looming in the foreground like some misplaced spaceship. Kyoto Station itself is strikingly modern and unabashedly high tech, looking as though it was airlifted straight from Tokyo. Modern buildings and hotels surround the station on all sides, making Kyoto look like any other Japanese town.
In other words, as Japan's seventh-largest city with a population of about 1.5 million people, Kyoto hasn't escaped the afflictions of the modern age. Yet it has always led a rather fragile existence, as a look at any of its temples and shrines will tell you. Made of wood, they've been destroyed through the years by man, fire, and earthquake and have been rebuilt countless times. Come and explore; you'll soon understand why I consider Kyoto to be Japan's most romantic city despite modernization. No one who comes to this country should miss the wealth of experiences this ancient capital has to offer.
If you go to only one place in all of Japan, Kyoto should be it. Not only is it the most historically significant town in the nation, this former capital was also the only major Japanese city spared from the bombs of World War II. As such, it's rife with temples, shrines, imperial palaces, and traditional wooden homes. In nearby Nara, another former capital -- one even more ancient than Kyoto -- is Japan's largest bronze Buddha and more historic temples.
Even though its well-preserved architecture and relics are what put Kyoto on the sightseeing map, I've always felt that its scenes from daily life are what make the city exceptional. Kyoto is home to the nation's greatest concentration of craft artisans, making Kyoto famous for its shops dealing in textiles, dyed fabrics, pottery, bambooware, cutlery, fans, metalwork, umbrellas, and other goods. No wonder Kyoto is also home to 20% of Japan's national treasures.
绛旓細Kyoto (ky艒't艒) , city (1990 pop. 1,461,140), capital of Kyoto prefecture, S Honshu, Japan, on the Kamo River. Yodo is its port. Kyoto is one of Japan's largest cities and an important cultural and spiritual center. It is a key city in Japan's transportation system, and it is...
绛旓細Introduction to Kyoto If you go to only one place in all of Japan, Kyoto should be it. Not only is it the most historically significant town in the nation, this former capital was also the only major Japanese city spared from the bombs of World War II. As such, it's rife...
绛旓細Kyoto (ky艒't艒) , city (1990 pop. 1,461,140), capital of Kyoto prefecture, S Honshu, Japan, on the Kamo River. Yodo is its port. Kyoto is one of Japan's largest cities and an important cultural and spiritual center. It is a key city in Japan's transportation system, and it is...
绛旓細as Japan's oldest city and well-vicissitudes of life and prosperity. When the capital was moved to Nara, Kyoto and other places, Osaka is still as foreign and trade exchanges constitute an important place on Japan's economic development and cultural exchanges have played a very impo...
绛旓細with Kiyomizu-dera in Yasugi, Shimane, which is part of the 33-temple route of the Ch奴goku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage through western Japan.[2]鍏跺疄杩欎簺閮芥槸缁村熀鐧剧鎵炬潵鐨勶紝鏈潵鎯崇粰閾炬帴鐨勶紝鐧惧害璇存垜鏈夊箍鍛婏紝鍙创浜嗛儴鍒嗭紝鍏朵粬鐨勫彲鐢╣oogle 缁村熀鐧剧鑻辨枃鐗鎵撅紝鍖呮嫭鏅偣浠嬬粛锛屽巻鍙蹭粈涔堢殑寰堝叏鐨勩
绛旓細Japan's major port city.A potential Iraq Bay.Because in Tokyo and Kyoto (Xijing) between,commonly known as the Beijing.Population 2116000.Nagoya,Aichi is the seat of the county government.Second only to Tokyo,Osaka and Yokohama of Japan's fourth largest city.Located in the central...
绛旓細璇戞枃锛浜兘銆佷笢浜殗瀹強楠忓簻鍏洯鐨勫巻鍙诧細浜兘涓鏃ユ湰鐨鍙ら兘锛岀被浼兼垜鍥界殑瑗垮畨锛屽巻鍙叉枃鍖栭仐浜ф瘮杈冨锛屼繚鐣欎簡浼楀鐨勫搴欍佺绀剧瓑瀹楁暀璁炬柦锛屾瘮杈冩湁鍚嶇殑鏈夋竻姘村銆侀珮寰峰绛夛紝鐜板湪浣滀负鏃呮父璧勬簮寰楀埌寰堝ソ鐨勫紑鍙戝埄鐢ㄣ傚巻鍙蹭笂鐨勬棩鏈槸姣旇緝钀藉悗鐨勫浗瀹讹紝鍒颁簡18涓栫邯锛岃繘鍏ユ槑娌荤淮鏂版椂浠ｏ紝鏃ユ湰杩涜澶у垁闃旀枾鐨勬敼闈╋紝鎵嶇敱钀藉悗...
绛旓細9. 涓滀含鐨勬櫙鐐鑻辨枃浠嬬粛浣滄枃 绔嬪懡棣嗗ぇ瀛 绔嬪懡棣嗗ぇ瀛︽牎寰 绔嬪懡棣嗗ぇ瀛(銈娿仱銈併亱銈撱仩銇勩亴銇忋佽嫳绉:Ritsumeikan University)澶у鏈儴浣嶄簬浜兘甯備腑浜尯瑗裤儙浜湵闆鐢1鐨鏃ユ湰绉佺珛澶у銆1922骞存垚绔嬨傜珛鍛介澶у涓鑸绠绉颁负鈥滅珛鍛藉ぇ鈥濄佲滅珛鍛解,鍦ㄥ叧瑗垮湴鍖轰篃甯歌绠绉颁负鈥滅珛澶р,杩戝勾鍒欏紑濮嬩娇鐢ㄢ淩its鈥濊繖绉嶄互鑻辫绠绉扮殑绉板懠銆
绛旓細涓滀含锛堛仺銇嗐亶銈囥亞銆乀艒ky艒锛夛紝鏄綅浜鏃ユ湰鍏充笢骞冲師涓儴闈㈠悜涓滀含婀剧殑鍥介檯澶ч兘甯傦紝鏃ユ湰涓夊ぇ閮藉競鍦堜箣涓涓滀含閮藉競鍦堢殑涓績鍩庡競銆傗滀笢浜濈嫮涔変笂鎸囦笢浜兘銆佹棫涓滀含搴滄垨涓滀含閮藉尯閮紙鏃т笢浜競锛夛紝浜﹀彲娉涙寚涓滀含閮藉競鍦堛備笢浜槸姹熸埛骞曞簻鐨勬墍鍦ㄥ湴锛屾睙鎴峰湪搴嗗簲4骞7鏈堬紙1868骞9鏈堬級鏀瑰悕涓轰笢浜備笢浜兘灞炰簬鍏充笢鍦版柟鐨勪竴...
绛旓細鏃ユ湰涓滀含鍜浜兘涓嶆槸涓涓湴鏂广備笢浜紙Tokyo锛夋槸鏃ユ湰鐨棣栭兘锛1,200涓囦汉鍙ｇ殑宸ㄥぇ鍩庡競銆備含閮斤紝鍦板涓滀含瑗块潰锛屽浗閮借縼鑷充笢浜悗锛屽ぉ鐨囩櫥鍩猴紝鍥藉澶у吀浠嶅湪浜兘鐨勭传瀹告鍐呬妇琛岋紝鏁呭張鏈夆滆タ浜濈殑绉板彿銆
